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1. Mars 2020 Perseverance rover studies of the Martian atmosphere over Jezero from pressure measurements

Author

Sánchez-Lavega, A., del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Hueso, R., Juárez, M. de la Torre, Martínez, G. M., Harri, A. -M., Genzer, M., Hieta, M., Polkko, J., Rodríguez-Manfredi, J. A., Lemmon, M. T., Pla-García, J., Toledo, D., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Munguira, A., Tamppari, L. K., Newman, C., Gómez-Elvira, J., Guzewich, S., Bertrand, T., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Wolff, M., Banfield, D., Jaakonaho, I., and Mäkinen, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The pressure sensors on Mars rover Perseverance measure the pressure field in the Jezero crater on regular hourly basis starting in sol 15 after landing. The present study extends up to sol 460 encompassing the range of solar longitudes from Ls 13{\deg} - 241{\deg} (Martian Year (MY) 36). The data show the changing daily pressure cycle, the sol-to-sol seasonal evolution of the mean pressure field driven by the CO2 sublimation and deposition cycle at the poles, the characterization of up to six components of the atmospheric tides and their relationship to dust content in the atmosphere. They also show the presence of wave disturbances with periods 2-5 sols, exploring their baroclinic nature, short period oscillations (mainly at night-time) in the range 8-24 minutes that we interpret as internal gravity waves, transient pressure drops with duration 1-150 s produced by vortices, and rapid turbulent fluctuations. We also analyze the effects on pressure measurements produced by a regional dust storm over Jezero at Ls 155{\deg}.

Published
2024
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2. The Mars Science Laboratory record of optical depth measurements via solar imaging

Author

Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Zorzano, M. -P., Martin-Torres, J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., and Bell III, J. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has monitored the Martian environment in Gale crater since landing in 2012. This study reports the record of optical depth derived from visible and near-infrared images of the Sun. Aerosol optical depth, which is mostly due to dust but also includes ice, dominates the record, with gas optical depth too small to measure. The optical depth record includes the effects of regional dust storms and one planet-encircling dust event, showing the expected peaks during southern spring and summer and relatively lower and more stable optical depth in fall and winter. The measurements show that there is a seasonally varying diurnal change in dust load, with the optical depth peaking in the morning during southern spring and summer, correlated with thermotidal pressure changes. However, there was no systematic diurnal change during autumn and winter, except after one regional storm. There were indications that the dust was relatively enhanced at high altitudes during high-optical-depth periods and that high-altitude ice was significant during winter. The observations did not provide much information about particle size or composition, but they were consistent with a smaller particle size after aphelion (in southern winter). No scattering halos were seen in associated sky images, even when there was visual evidence of ice hazes or clouds, which suggests small or amorphous ice particles. Unexpectedly, the measurement campaign revealed that the cameras collected saltating sand in their sunshades 1.97 m above the surface. As a result, the measurement strategy had to be adjusted to avoid high-elevation imaging to avoid sand covering the optics.

Published
2023

3. The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., de la Torre Juarez, M., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martinez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., De Vicente-Retortillo, A., Viudez-Moreiras, D., Ramos, M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gomez-Elvira, J., Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., Garcia-Villadangos, M., Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A.-M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martin, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Perez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rafkin, S. C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., and Zurita, S.

Published
2023
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4. Results from InSight Robotic Arm Activities

Author

Golombek, M., Hudson, T., Bailey, P., Balabanska, N., Marteau, E., Charalambous, C., Baker, M., Lemmon, M., White, B., Lorenz, R. D., Spohn, T., Maki, J., Kallemeyn, P., Garvin, J. B., Newman, C., Hurst, K., Murdoch, N., Williams, N., Banerdt, W. B., Lognonné, P., Delage, P., Lapeyre, R., Gaudin, E., Yana, C., Verdier, N., Panning, M., Trebi-Ollennu, A., Ali, K., Mittelholz, A., Johnson, C., Langlais, B., Warner, N., Grant, J., Daubar, I. J., Ansan, V., Vrettos, C., Spiga, A., Banfield, D., Gomez, A., Mishra, P., Dotson, R., Krause, C., Sainton, G., and Gabsi, T.

Published
2023
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5. Dust Dynamics in Gale Crater Observed Using the Line‐Of‐Sight Extinction Through 3,663 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission.

Author

Bischof, G., Guzewich, S. D., Moores, J. E., Lemmon, M. T., Battalio, J. M., Hayes, C. W., Innanen, A. C., and Smith, C. L.

Subjects
MARS rovers, GALE Crater (Mars), VERTICAL mixing (Earth sciences), DUST, LABORATORIES
Abstract

The Curiosity Rover has been exploring the Gale Crater using the on‐board Navigation Camera to monitor the line‐of‐sight (LOS) dust extinction within the crater. Previous studies of the line‐of‐sight extinction have shown an annual trend where a minimum in extinction occurs around Ls = 100° and a maximum occurs around Ls = 300°. However, past studies have been constrained to images acquired only between 10:00 and 14:00 local time, limiting our understanding of the variation of dust extinction in Gale Crater throughout the day. Here, using a method that corrects for variable lighting geometry, we reanalyze the line‐of‐sight images captured throughout the mission to include images acquired in the early morning and late afternoon. Additionally, we update the line‐of‐sight record to include over 1,000 additional sols of the mission through sol 3,663, which updates our record of extinction in Gale to the end of Mars Year 36—a period of almost 5.5 Mars Years. Using images taken throughout the sol, we examine the diurnal trend in dust extinction, where a maximum is seen around solar noon. This diurnal trend is observed throughout the year, with a larger diurnal variation observed during the southern summer. Additionally, the geographic homogeneity in dust loading is quantified, with higher dust loading observed in the western portion of the line‐of‐sight images, corresponding with the north‐western portion of the crater rim. These observations suggest that dust lifting from the surface and vertical mixing are factors in the diurnal, seasonal, and geographic dynamics observed in the extinctions. Plain Language Summary: The Curiosity Rover has used its Navigation Camera to image the northern rim of Gale Crater for over 3,000 martian days. These images are used to calculate the amount of airborne dust between the rover and the crater rim. Past studies using these images found that the amount of dust was lowest during southern‐hemisphere winter and highest during southern‐hemisphere summer. In this work, a new method to find the amount of dust was used, allowing us to use images taken throughout the day for the first time. The entire set of crater rim images was reanlayzed using the new method, including new images captured up to sol 3,663. We find a daily cycle, where the amount of dust in the air is lowest in the morning and evening, and highest around noon. In addition, there is more airborne dust between the rover and the crater rim on the western side of the image compared with the center and eastern side. This suggests that dust is moving within the Gale Crater on short timescales, where dust lifting from the surface likely plays a key role in the diurnal trend, in combination with air outside the crater mixing with air within the crater. Key Points: The line‐of‐sight dust extinction is calculated through 3,663 sols using the Mars Science Laboratory's Navigation CameraDiurnally, the dust extinction peaks at solar noon, with lower values in the morning and eveningThe diurnal variation is higher during the dustier southern summer and lower during the southern winter when dust extinction is at a minimum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. The sound of a Martian dust devil

Author

Murdoch, N., Stott, A. E., Gillier, M., Hueso, R., Lemmon, M., Martinez, G., Apéstigue, V., Toledo, D., Lorenz, R. D., Chide, B., Munguira, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Newman, C. E., Maurice, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Bertrand, T., Banfield, D., Navarro, S., Marin, M., Torres, J., Gomez-Elvira, J., Jacob, X., Cadu, A., Sournac, A., Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., Wiens, R. C., and Mimoun, D.

Published
2022
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7. Dust Accumulation and Lifting at the Landing Site of the Mars 2020 Mission, Jezero Crater, as Observed From MEDA

Author

Vicente‐Retortillo, A., primary, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Martinez, G. M., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Sebastián, E., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Newman, C., additional, Smith, M. D., additional, and Rodriguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional

Published
2024
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8. The Mars Science Laboratory record of optical depth measurements via solar imaging

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), UK Space Agency, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., Bell, J.F. III, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), UK Space Agency, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., and Bell, J.F. III

Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has monitored the Martian environment in Gale crater since landing in 2012. This study reports the record of optical depth derived from visible and near-infrared images of the Sun. Aerosol optical depth, which is mostly due to dust but also includes ice, dominates the record, with gas optical depth too small to measure. The optical depth record includes the effects of regional dust storms and one planet-encircling dust event, showing the expected peaks during southern spring and summer and relatively lower and more stable optical depth in fall and winter. The measurements show that there is a seasonally varying diurnal change in dust load, with the optical depth peaking in the morning during southern spring and summer, correlated with thermotidal pressure changes. However, there was no systematic diurnal change during autumn and winter, except after one regional storm. There were indications that the dust was relatively enhanced at high altitudes during high-optical-depth periods and that high-altitude ice was significant during winter. The observations did not provide much information about particle size or composition, but they were consistent with a smaller particle size after aphelion (in southern winter). No scattering halos were seen in associated sky images, even when there was visual evidence of ice hazes or clouds, which suggests small or amorphous ice particles. Unexpectedly, the measurement campaign revealed that the cameras collected saltating sand in their sunshades 1.97 m above the surface. As a result, the measurement strategy had to be adjusted to avoid high-elevation imaging to avoid sand covering the optics.

Published
2024

9. One Martian Year of Near‐Surface Temperatures at Jezero From MEDA Measurements on Mars2020/Perseverance.

Author

Munguira, A., Hueso, R., Sánchez‐Lavega, A., Toledo, D., de la Torre Juárez, M., Vicente‐Retortillo, A., Martínez, G. M., Bertrand, T., del Rio‐Gaztelurrutia, T., Sebastián, E., Lemmon, M., Pla‐García, J., and Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A.

Subjects
CONVECTIVE boundary layer (Meteorology), MARTIAN surface, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, CLIMATE change models, ATMOSPHERIC models
Abstract

Measurements of ground and near surface atmospheric temperatures at Jezero obtained during 700 sols by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) characterize the thermal behavior of the near surface Martian atmosphere during a full Martian Year. The seasonal evolution of MEDA measurements is compared with predictions from the Mars Climate Database and the solar irradiance at the surface. Thermal tides observed in the daily cycle of temperatures follow a seasonal cycle with additional variations greater than 2 K on time‐scales of tens of sols. We also observe sol‐to‐sol variations of about 1 K in mean daily air temperatures in autumn and winter with periodicities of 4–7 sols that might be related to baroclinic disturbances that are frequent in those seasons at high latitudes. We examine the evolution of the vertical thermal gradient and temperature fluctuations without finding a seasonal response to irradiance and dust load. We find that the convective boundary layer becomes isothermal and collapses 1 hr before sunset except during northern hemisphere winter, when the collapse occurs closer to sunset, implying a longer duration of the daytime convective instability. Around this period, the rover was located in the delta front in a location of complex topography where we observed stronger thermal gradients and intense daytime air temperature fluctuations. We also find in this place a nighttime event of gravity waves on near‐surface air temperatures, with amplitudes of 2 K and periods of 10 min. These waves possibly propagate downward through a near isothermal stable layer. Plain Language Summary: The Perseverance rover on Mars is carrying a meteorological station that among other measurements obtains air temperatures at three heights near the surface as well as ground temperatures. We analyze seasonal and local changes in temperatures measured over one Martian year (687 Earth days) in which Perseverance moved several kilometers across Jezero crater, comparing in situ observations with the output from a Global Climate Model of the atmosphere of Mars. Our results show that the diurnal cycle of temperatures is modulated by the solar irradiance on the surface, the amount of dust in the atmosphere, local dynamics and large‐scale weather systems. The temperature difference between the ground and the atmosphere greatly determines the meteorology in the lower atmosphere. Neither this temperature difference, nor temperature fluctuations, which during daytime are a proxy of atmospheric convection driven by the heating of the surface, show seasonal variations in line with the seasonal solar irradiance or dust load. Instead, the rover path toward a more complex topography led to the highest surface‐to‐air temperature difference during the northern hemisphere winter, despite the solar irradiance being minimum at that time. Close to this complex topography, the meteorological station recorded oscillations in near‐surface temperature related to gravity waves. Key Points: Seasonal variations in irradiance at Mars' surface drive observed daily mean near‐surface air temperatures with some differences from modelsThermal tides and long‐period traveling waves present a clear seasonal cycle with autumn and winter seasons more prone to variabilityAir temperatures underwent non‐seasonal changes near Jezero's delta, with strong daytime convection and nighttime gravity waves [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Eight-year Climatology of Dust Optical Depth on Mars

Author

Montabone, L., Forget, F., Millour, E., Wilson, R. J., Lewis, S. R., Cantor, B. A., Kass, D., Kleinboehl, A., Lemmon, M., Smith, M. D., and Wolff, M. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We have produced a multiannual climatology of airborne dust from Martian year 24 to 31 using multiple datasets of retrieved or estimated column optical depths. The datasets are based on observations of the Martian atmosphere from April 1999 to July 2013 made by different orbiting instruments: the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard Mars Global Surveyor, the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) aboard Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The procedure we have adopted consists of gridding the available retrievals of column dust optical depth (CDOD) from TES and THEMIS nadir observations, as well as the estimates of this quantity from MCS limb observations. Our gridding method calculates averages and uncertainties on a regularly spaced, but possibly incomplete, spatio-temporal grid, using an iterative procedure weighted in space, time, and retrieval uncertainty. In order to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the resulting gridded maps, we validate them with independent observations of CDOD. We have statistically analyzed the irregularly gridded maps to provide an overview of the dust climatology on Mars over eight years, specifically in relation to its interseasonal and interannual variability. Finally, we have produced multiannual, regular daily maps of CDOD by spatially interpolating the irregularly gridded maps using a kriging method. These synoptic maps are used as dust scenarios in the Mars Climate Database version 5, and are useful in many modelling applications in addition to forming a basis for instrument intercomparisons. The derived dust maps for the eight available Martian years are publicly available and distributed with open access., Comment: This preprint version of this paper was submitted to Icarus on March 8th, 2014 (arXiv processing stamped on the paper the date of arXiv submission)

Published
2014
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12. The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.

Published
2023

13. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., de la Torre Juárez, M., Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos, J., Chen-Chen, H., Cobos, A., Conrad, P. G., Cordoba, E., del Río-Gaztelurrutia, T., de Vicente-Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairen, A. G., Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, R., Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, M., Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, J., Gómez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A.-M., Hernández, C. D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, A., Lemmon, M. T., López, G., Madsen, S. N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín-Soler, J., Martínez, G., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, S., Newman, C. E., Ortega, C., Parrondo, M. C., Peinado, V., Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, J., Polkko, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rafkin, S. C. R., Ramos, M., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Runyon, K. D., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Sullivan, R. J., Tamppari, L. K., Thompson, A. D., Toledo, D., Torrero, F., Torres, J., Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., and Zurita, S.

Published
2021
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14. Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager

Author

Hayes, Alexander G., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Barrington, M., Bell, J. F., Maki, J. N., Caplinger, M., Ravine, M., Kinch, K. M., Herkenhoff, K., Horgan, B., Johnson, J., Lemmon, M., Paar, G., Rice, M. S., Jensen, E., Kubacki, T. M., Cloutis, E., Deen, R., Ehlmann, B. L., Lakdawalla, E., Sullivan, R., Winhold, A., Parkinson, A., Bailey, Z., van Beek, J., Caballo-Perucha, P., Cisneros, E., Dixon, D., Donaldson, C., Jensen, O. B., Kuik, J., Lapo, K., Magee, A., Merusi, M., Mollerup, J., Scudder, N., Seeger, C., Stanish, E., Starr, M., Thompson, M., Turenne, N., and Winchell, K.

Published
2021
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15. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imaging Investigation

Author

Bell, III, J. F., Maki, J. N., Mehall, G. L., Ravine, M. A., Caplinger, M. A., Bailey, Z. J., Brylow, S., Schaffner, J. A., Kinch, K. M., Madsen, M. B., Winhold, A., Hayes, A. G., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Barrington, M., Cisneros, E., Jensen, E., Paris, K., Crawford, K., Rojas, C., Mehall, L., Joseph, J., Proton, J. B., Cluff, N., Deen, R. G., Betts, B., Cloutis, E., Coates, A. J., Colaprete, A., Edgett, K. S., Ehlmann, B. L., Fagents, S., Grotzinger, J. P., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K. E., Horgan, B., Jaumann, R., Johnson, J. R., Lemmon, M., Paar, G., Caballo-Perucha, M., Gupta, S., Traxler, C., Preusker, F., Rice, M. S., Robinson, M. S., Schmitz, N., Sullivan, R., and Wolff, M. J.

Published
2021
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16. The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars

Author

Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., Brückner, J., Cabrol, N. A., Calvin, W., Carr, M. H., Christensen, P. R., Clark, B. C., Crumpler, L., d'Uston, C., Economou, T., Farmer, J., Farrand, W., Folkner, W., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Grant, J. A., Greeley, R., Grotzinger, J., Haskin, L., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hviid, S., Johnson, J., Klingelhöfer, G., Knoll, A. H., Landis, G., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M. B., Malin, M. C., McLennan, S. M., McSween, H. Y., Ming, D. W., Moersch, J., Morris, R. V., Parker, T., Rice, J. W., Richter, L., Rieder, R., Sims, M., Smith, M., Smith, P., Soderblom, L. A., Sullivan, R., Wänke, H., Wdowiak, T., Wolff, M., and Yen, A.

Published
2004

18. Pancam Multispectral Imaging Results from the Opportunity Rover at Meridiani Planum

Author

Bell, J. F., Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Arneson, H. M., Bass, D., Calvin, W., Farrand, W. H., Goetz, W., Golombek, M., Greeley, R., Grotzinger, J., Guinness, E., Hayes, A. G., Hubbard, M. Y. H., Herkenhoff, K. E., Johnson, M. J., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kinch, K. M., Lemmon, M. T., Li, R., Madsen, M. B., Maki, J. N., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McLennan, S., McSween, H. Y., Ming, D. W., Morris, R. V., Parker, T. J., Proton, J., Rice, J. W., Seelos, F., Soderblom, J. M., Soderblom, L. A., Sohl-Dickstein, J. N., Sullivan, R. J., Weitz, C. M., and Wolff, M. J.

Published
2004

19. The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

Author

Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., Brückner, J., Cabrol, N. A., Calvin, W., Carr, M. H., Christensen, P. R., Clark, B. C., Crumpler, L., d'Uston, C., Economou, T., Farmer, J., Farrand, W., Folkner, W., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Grant, J. A., Greeley, R., Grotzinger, J., Haskin, L., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hviid, S., Johnson, J., Klingelhöfer, G., Knoll, A., Landis, G., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M. B., Malin, M. C., McLennan, S. M., McSween, H. Y., Ming, D. W., Moersch, J., Morris, R. V., Parker, T., Rice, J. W., Richter, L., Rieder, R., Sims, M., Smith, M., Smith, P., Soderblom, L. A., Sullivan, R., Wänke, H., Wdowiak, T., Wolff, M., and Yen, A.

Published
2004

20. Pancam Multispectral Imaging Results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev Crater

Author

Bell, J. F., Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Arneson, H. M., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Calvin, W., Farmer, J., Farrand, W. H., Goetz, W., Golombek, M., Grant, J. A., Greeley, R., Guinness, E., Hayes, A. G., Hubbard, M. Y. H., Herkenhoff, K. E., Johnson, M. J., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kinch, K. M., Lemmon, M. T., Li, R., Madsen, M. B., Maki, J. N., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McLennan, S., McSween, H. Y., Ming, D. W., Moersch, J. E., Morris, R. V., Parker, T. J., Proton, J., Rice, J. W., Seelos, F., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L. A., Sohl-Dickstein, J. N., Sullivan, R. J., Wolff, M. J., and Wang, A.

Published
2004

21. Nocturnal Turbulence at Jezero Crater as Determined From MEDA Measurements and Modeling

Author

Pla‐García, Jorge, primary, Munguira, A., additional, Rafkin, S., additional, Newman, C., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Martínez, G., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, del Río Gaztelurrutia, T., additional, Stott, A., additional, Murdoch, N., additional, de la Torre Juárez, M., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Chide, B., additional, Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., additional, Savijarvi, H., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Marín, M., additional, Sebastian, E., additional, Lepinette‐Malvitte, A., additional, Mora, L., additional, and Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional

Published
2023
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22. Twilight Mesospheric Clouds in Jezero as Observed by MEDA Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS)

Author

Toledo, D., primary, Gómez, L., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Smith, M., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Martínez, G., additional, Patel, P., additional, Sanchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Viudez‐Moreiras, D., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Newman, C., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Yela, M., additional, Juarez, M. de la Torre, additional, and Rodriguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional

Published
2023
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23. Results From Insight’s First Full Martian Year

Author

Wieczorek, M, Weber, R, Warner, N, Tromp, J, Teanby, N, Stanley, S, Stahler, S, Spohn, T, Spiga, A, Siegler, M, Schmerr, N, Rodriguez-Manfredi, P.J.A, Plesa, A.-C, Pike, W.T, Nimmo, Francis, Newman, C, Nagihara, S, Müller, N, Morgan, P, Mittelholz, A, Mimoun, D, Michaut, C, McLennan, S, Margerin, L, Maki, J, Lorenz, R, Lognonné, P, Lemmon, M, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B, King, S, Khan, A, Kedar, S, Kawamura, Taichi, Kargl, G, Joshi, R, Johnson, C, Irving, J, Hudson, T, Grygorczuk, J, Grott, M, Grant, J, Golombek, M, Giardini, D, Garvin, J, Garcia, R, Folkner, W, Fillingim, M, Dehant, V, Daubar, I, Collins, G, Clinton, J, Christensen, U, Chi, P, Ceylan, S, Brinkman, N, Bozdag, Ebru, Bowles, Neil, Bissig, F, Beucler, E, Beghein, C, Banfield, D, Asmar, S, Antonangeli, D, Smrekar, S, Banerdt, W. B, and Panning, M.P

Published
2021

24. Results From Insight’s First Full Martian Year

Author

Panning, M.P, Banerdt, W. B, Smrekar, S, Antonangeli, D, Asmar, S, Banfield, D, Beghein, C, Beucler, E, Bissig, F, Bowles, Neil, Bozdag, Ebru, Brinkman, N, Ceylan, S, Chi, P, Christensen, U, Clinton, J, Collins, G, Daubar, I, Dehant, V, Fillingim, M, Folkner, W, Garcia, R, Garvin, J, Giardini, D, Golombek, M, Grant, J, Grott, M, Grygorczuk, J, Hudson, T, Irving, J, Johnson, C, Joshi, R, Kargl, G, Kawamura, Taichi, Kedar, S, Khan, A, King, S, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B, Lemmon, M, Lognonné, P, Lorenz, R, Maki, J, Margerin, L, McLennan, S, Michaut, C, Mimoun, D, Mittelholz, A, Morgan, P, Müller, N, Nagihara, S, Newman, C, Nimmo, Francis, Pike, W.T, Plesa, A.-C, Rodriguez-Manfredi, P.J.A, Schmerr, N, Siegler, M, Spiga, A, Spohn, T, Stahler, S, Stanley, S, Teanby, N, Tromp, J, Warner, N, Weber, R, and Wieczorek, M

Published
2021

26. Thermomechanical Properties of the Shallow Martian Regolith

Author

Banerdt, W, Züern, W, Panning, M, Nimmo, F, Giardini, D, Clinton, J, Charalambous, C, Ceylan, S, Banfield, D, Spiga, A, Pou, L, Mueller, N, Lognonné, P, Lorenz, R, Lemmon, M, Johnson, C, Mittelholz, A, Driel, M. van, Scholz, J, Stähler, S, Golombek, M, Widmer-Schnidrig, R, Lin, L, and Hurst, Kenneth

Published
2020

27. Thermomechanical Properties of the Shallow Martian Regolith

Author

Hurst, Kenneth, Lin, L, Widmer-Schnidrig, R, Golombek, M, Stähler, S, Scholz, J, Driel, M. van, Mittelholz, A, Johnson, C, Lemmon, M, Lorenz, R, Lognonné, P, Mueller, N, Pou, L, Spiga, A, Banfield, D, Ceylan, S, Charalambous, C, Clinton, J, Giardini, D, Nimmo, F, Panning, M, Züern, W, and Banerdt, W

Published
2020

28. Results from the Mars Pathfinder Camera

Author

Smith, P. H., Bell, J. F., Bridges, N. T., Britt, D. T., Gaddis, L., Greeley, R., Keller, H. U., Herkenhoff, K. E., Jaumann, R., Johnson, J. R., Kirk, R. L., Lemmon, M., Maki, J. N., Malin, M. C., Murchie, S. L., Oberst, J., Parker, T. J., Reid, R. J., Sablotny, R., Soderblom, L. A., Stoker, C., Sullivan, R., Thomas, N., Tomasko, M. G., Ward, W., and Wegryn, E.

Published
1997

30. The Diverse Meteorology of Jezero Crater over the First 250 Sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Spanish State Research Agency (AEI), Gobierno Vasco, European Research Council (ERC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Torre Juárez, M. de la, Sánchez Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Espejo Meana, Servando Carlos, Zurita, S., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Spanish State Research Agency (AEI), Gobierno Vasco, European Research Council (ERC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Torre Juárez, M. de la, Sánchez Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Espejo Meana, Servando Carlos, and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.

Published
2023

32. Dust Lifting Through Surface Albedo Changes at Jezero Crater, Mars

Author

Vicente‐Retortillo, A., primary, Martínez, G.M., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Johnson, J. R, additional, Sullivan, R., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Sebastián, E., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Murdoch, N., additional, Gillier, M., additional, Stott, A., additional, Mora‐Sotomayor, L., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, Juárez, M. de la Torre, additional, and Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J.‐A., additional

Published
2023
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34. Convective Vortices and Dust Devils Detected and Characterized by Mars 2020

Author

Hueso, R., primary, Newman, C. E., additional, del Río‐Gaztelurrutia, T., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Martínez, G., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Viudez‐Moreiras, D., additional, de la Torre‐Juarez, M., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, Murdoch, N., additional, Navarro‐López, S., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Baker, M., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Harri, A. M., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Jaakonaho, I., additional, Makinen, T., additional, Stott, A., additional, Mimoun, D., additional, Chide, B., additional, Sebastian, E., additional, Banfield, D., additional, and Lepinette‐Malvite, A., additional

Published
2023
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35. Surface Energy Budget, Albedo, and Thermal Inertia at Jezero Crater, Mars, as Observed From the Mars 2020 MEDA Instrument

Author

Martínez, G. M., primary, Sebastián, E., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Smith, M. D., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Savijärvi, H., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Mora‐Sotomayor, L., additional, Gillespie, H., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Gómez, F., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Mandon, L., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Ramos, M., additional, Conrad, P., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Torre‐Juarez, M. de la, additional, Jordan, F., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, McConnochie, T. H., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Zorzano, M.‐P., additional, Siegler, M., additional, Prieto, O., additional, Molina, A., additional, and Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional

Published
2023
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36. Near Surface Atmospheric Temperatures at Jezero from Mars 2020 MEDA measurements

Author

Munguira, A., primary, Hueso, R., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Torre‐Juarez, M. de la, additional, Martínez, G., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Sebastian, E., additional, Lepinette, A., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Chide, B., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Banfield, D., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Martín‐Soler, J., additional, Navarro, S., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Romeral, J., additional, Smith, M. D., additional, and Torres, J., additional

Published
2023
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37. Dust Devil Frequency of Occurrence and Radiative Effects at Jezero Crater, Mars, as Measured by MEDA Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS)

Author

Toledo, D., primary, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Gómez, L., additional, Montoro, F., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Newman, C., additional, Smith, M., additional, Viudez‐Moreiras, D., additional, Martínez, G., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Sanchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Juarez, M. de la Torre, additional, Rodriguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Carrasco, I., additional, Yela, M., additional, Jimenez, J. J., additional, García‐Menendez, E., additional, Navarro, S., additional, Gomez‐Elvira, F. J., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Murdoch, N., additional, and Sebastian, E., additional

Published
2023
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38. Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Studies of the Martian Atmosphere Over Jezero From Pressure Measurements

Author

Sánchez‐Lavega, A., primary, del Rio‐Gaztelurrutia, T., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Juárez, M. de la Torre, additional, Martínez, G. M., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, Newman, C., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Wolff, M., additional, Banfield, D., additional, Jaakonaho, I., additional, and Mäkinen, T., additional

Published
2023
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40. Martian Dust Particle Size During the 2018 Planet-Encircling Dust Storm as Measured by the Curiosity Rover

Author

Guzewich, S. D, Lemmon, M. T, McConnochie, T. H, Martinez, G, de Vicente-Retortillo, A, Smith, M. D, Bell, J., III, Wellington, D, and Jacobs, S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We present retrievals of dust particle effective radius during the 2018 planet-encircling dust storm from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Four independent observations with three of the rover's instruments were used for retrievals. We find dust particle radii exceeded 4 m and possibly 5 m during the height of the storm, which represent the largest dust particles yet seen in the martian atmosphere.

Published
2019

41. Large Dust Aerosol Sizes Seen During the 2018 Martian Global Dust Event by the Curiosity Rover

Author

Lemmon, M. T, Guzewich, S. D, McConnochie, T, de Vicente‐Retortillo, A, Martínez, G, Smith, Michael D, III, J. F. Bell, Wellington, D, and Jacob, S

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Mars' atmosphere typically supports dust aerosol with an effective radius near 1.5 μm, varying from ~1 μm during low dust times near northern summer solstice to ~2 μm during higher dust times in southern spring and summer. After global dust events, size variations outside this range have not previously been observed. We report on imaging and spectral observations by the Curiosity rover through the 2018 global dust event. These observations show that the dust effective radius was seasonally normal prior to the local onset of increased opacity, increased rapidly above 4 μm with increasing opacity, remained above 3 μm over a period of ~50 Martian solar days, then returned to seasonal values before the opacity did so. This demonstrates lifting and regional‐scale transport of a dust population ~3 times the size of typical dust aerosol.

Published
2019
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42. Mars Science Laboratory Observations of the 2018/Mars Year 34 Global Dust Storm

Author

Guzewich, Scott D, Lemmon, M, Smith, C. L, Martinez, G, de Vicente-Retortillo, A, Newman, C. E, Baker, M, Campbell, C, Cooper, B, Gomez-Elvira, J, Harri, A.-M, Hassler, D, Martin-Torres, F. J, McConnochie, T, Moores, J. E, Kahanpaa, H, Khayat, A, Richardson, M. I, Smith, M. D, Sullivan, R, de la Torre Juarez, M, Vasavada, A. R, Viudez-Moreiras, D, Zeitlin, C, and Zorzano Mier, Maria-Paz

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover observations of the 2018/Mars year 34 global/planet-encircling dust storm represent the first in situ measurements of a global dust storm with dedicated meteorological sensors since the Viking Landers. The Mars Science Laboratory team planned and executed a science campaign lasting approximately 100 Martian sols to study the storm involving an enhanced cadence of environmental monitoring using the rover's meteorological sensors, cameras, and spectrometers. Mast Camera 880-nanometer optical depth reached 8.5, and Rover Environmental Monitoring Station measurements indicated a 97 percent reduction in incident total ultraviolet solar radiation at the surface, 30 degrees Kelvin reduction in diurnal range of air temperature, and an increase in the semidiurnal pressure tide amplitude to 40 pascals. No active dust-lifting sites were detected within Gale Crater, and global and local atmospheric dynamics were drastically altered during the storm. This work presents an overview of the mission's storm observations and initial results.

Published
2019
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45. Catalog of pressure drops, vortices and dust devils on Jezero crater, Mars, Ls=6-213 plus Large Eddy Simulation Movie

Author

Hueso, R., Newman, C.E., del Río-Gaztelurrutia, T., Munguira, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Toledo, D., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Martínez, G., and Lemmon, M.

Subjects
Mars, Mars2020, Mars atmosphere, dust devils
Abstract

Supplementary Tables and Movie associated to the publication: Convective vortices and dust devils detected and characterized by Mars 2020, by Hueso, R. et al. submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research Planets (2022) This set of data contains the following items: 1. Catalog of pressure drops detected by the Mars 2020 MEDA instrument. This catalog includes pressure drops created by vortices and longer events possibly creatd by passing convective cells. [Table_S1_Mars_Jezero_MEDA__Pressure_Drops.xlsx] 2. Catalog of pressure drops detected by the Mars 2020 MEDA instrument with pressure profiles likely caused by convective vortices. The file contains additional data such as the dusty character of some event and information about the thermal properties of the atmosphere and the terrain. [Table_S2_Mars_Jezero_MEDA_Vortices.xlsx] 3. Physical parameters of selected vortices and dust devils from a selection of the events in Table_S2 after fits with models. [Table_S3_Mars_MEDA_Pressure_Winds_Modeled_Vortices.xlsx] 4. Movie files showing the evolution of pressure in a 10x10 km area from a Large Eddy Simulation with physical characteristics appropiate for Jezero crater on Mars for Ls=42º. [Supplementary_Movie_LES_Mars_Jezero_Ls42.mp4]

Published
2022
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46. The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars

Author

Merusi, M., primary, Kinch, K. B., additional, Madsen, M. B., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Maki, J. N., additional, Hayes, A. G., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Rice, M., additional, Cloutis, E. A., additional, Applin, D., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Vaughan, A. F., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Jensen, E., additional, Kristensen, J. Z., additional, Paris, K., additional, Cisneros, E., additional, Kennedy, M. R., additional, and Gasnault, O., additional

Published
2022
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48. Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site: 1. Near‐Surface Wind Patterns at Jezero Crater

Author

Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., primary, Lemmon, M., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Mischna, M., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, de la Torre, M., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Lorenz, R. D., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Smith, M., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Toledo, D., additional, and Bell, J., additional

Published
2022
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49. Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site. 2. Wind Variability and Turbulence

Author

Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., primary, de la Torre, M., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Lorenz, R. D., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Mischna, M., additional, Sullivan, R., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Smith, M., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Harri, A. M., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Arruego, I., additional, and Bell, J., additional

Published
2022
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