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1. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author

Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Núñez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossat, Matteo, Franciosin, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Delgado, Rosa M. González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrin, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Oñorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J. A., Rubiño-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator., Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS; updated version including information on individual grants in a revised Acknowledgements section, corrections to the affiliation list, and an updated references list

Published
2022
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2. A revisited study of Cepheids in open clusters in the Gaia era

Author

Medina, Gustavo E., Lemasle, Bertrand, and Grebel, Eva K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

In this paper we revisit the problem of identifying bona fide cluster Cepheids by performing an all-sky search for Cepheids associated with open clusters and making use of state-of-the-art catalogued information for both Cepheids and clusters, based on the unparalleled astrometric precision of the second and early third data releases of the Gaia satellite. We determine membership probabilities by following a Bayesian approach using spatial and kinematic information of the potential cluster-Cepheid pairs. We confirm 19 Cepheid-cluster associations considered in previous studies as bona-fide, and question the established cluster membership of six other associations. In addition, we identify 138 cluster Cepheid candidates of potential interest, mostly in recently discovered open clusters. We report on at least two new clusters possibly hosting more than one Cepheid. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of using open clusters hosting Cepheids to empirically determine the Cepheid period-age relation through the use of Gaia and 2MASS photometry and a semi-automated method to derive cluster ages. We conclude that the usage of cluster Cepheids as tentative probes of the period-age relations still faces difficulties due to the sparsely populated red giant branch and the stochastically sampled main-sequence turn-off of the open clusters, making age determinations a challenging task. This biases the age-dateable cluster selection for Cepheid period-age studies towards older and high-mass clusters., Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Accepted 2021 April 28. Received 2021 March 31; in original form 2020 October 6

Published
2021
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3. Classical Cepheids in open clusters in the era of Gaia DR2

Author

Medina, Gustavo E., Lemasle, Bertrand, Grebel, Eva K., and Yen, Steffi X.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Classical Cepheids in open clusters are key ingredients for stellar population studies and the characterization of variable stars, as they are tracers of young and massive populations and of recent star formation episodes. Cluster Cepheids are of particular importance since they can be age dated by using the cluster's stellar population to obtain the Cepheid period-luminosity-age relation. In this contribution, we present the preliminary results of an all-sky search for classical Cepheids in Galactic open clusters by taking advantage of the unprecedented astrometric precision of the second data release of the Gaia satellite. To do this, we determined membership probabilities by performing a Bayesian analysis based on the spatial distribution of Cepheids and clusters, and their kinematics. Here we describe our adopted methodology., Comment: 2 pages. Contributed poster to appear on Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series Vol. 529 "RRLyrae/Cepheid2019: Frontiers of Classical Pulsators: Theory and Observations", p. 334. Proceedings of the meeting held in Cloudcroft, NM, USA October 13-18, 2019. Edited by K. Kinemuchi, C. Lovekin, H. Neilson, and K. Vivas

Published
2020

4. On the nature of a shell of young stars in the outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud

Author

Martinez-Delgado, David, Vivas, A. Katherina, Grebel, Eva K., Gallart, Carme, Pieres, Adriano, Bell, Cameron P. M., Zivick, Paul, Lemasle, Bertrand, Johnson, L. Clifton, Carballo-Bello, Julio A., Noel, Noelia E. D., Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Choi, Yumi, Besla, Gurtina, Schmidt, Judy, Zaritsky, Dennis, Gruendl, Robert A., Seibert, Mark, Nidever, David, Monteagudo, Laura, Monelli, Mateo, Hubl, Bernhard, van der Marel, Roeland, Ballesteros, Fernando J., Stringfellow, Guy, Walker, Alistair, Blum, Robert, Bell, Eric F., Conn, Blair C., Olsen, Knut, Martin, Nicolas, Chu, You-Hua, Inno, Laura, Boer, Thomas J. L., Kallivayalil, Nitya, De Leo, Michele, Beletsky, Yuri, and Munoz, Ricardo R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Understanding the evolutionary history of the Magellanic Clouds requires an in-depth exploration and characterization of the stellar content in their outer regions, which ultimately are key to tracing the epochs and nature of past interactions. We present new deep images of a shell-like over-density of stars in the outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The shell, also detected in photographic plates dating back to the fifties, is located at ~1.9 degr from the center of the SMC in the north-east direction.The structure and stellar content of this feature were studied with multi-band, optical data from the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History (SMASH) carried out with the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. We also investigate the kinematic of the stars in the shell using the Gaia Data Release 2. The shell is composed of a young population with an age ~ 150 Myr, with no contribution from an old population. Thus, it is hard to explain its origin as the remnant of a tidally disrupted stellar system. The spatial distribution of the young main-sequence stars shows a rich sub-structure, with a spiral arm-like feature emanating from the main shell and a separated small arc of young stars close to the globular cluster NGC 362. We find that the absolute g-band magnitude of the shell is M_{g,shell} = -10.78+/- 0.02, with a surface brightness of mu_{g,shell} = 25.81+/- 0.01 mag/arcsec^{2}. We have not found any evidence that this feature is of tidal origin or a bright part of a spiral arm-like structure. Instead, we suggest that the shell formed in a recent star formation event, likely triggered by an interaction with the Large Magellanic Cloud and/or the Milky Way, ~150 Myr ago., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2019
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5. Milky Way metallicity gradient from Gaia DR2 F/1O double-mode Cepheids

Author

Lemasle, Bertrand, Hajdu, Gergely, Kovtyukh, Valery, Inno, Laura, Grebel, Eva. K., Catelan, Márcio, Bono, Giuseppe, François, Patrick, Kniazev, Alexei, da Silva, Ronaldo, and Storm, Jesper

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The ratio of the first overtone (1O) / fundamental (F) periods of mixed-mode Cepheids that pulsate simultaneously in these two modes (F/1O) is metallicity-dependent. It can therefore be used to characterize the systems that host such variable stars. We want to take advantage of the F/1O double-mode Cepheids listed in the Gaia DR2 catalogue to derive the metallicity gradient in the Milky Way disk. The metallicity is derived from the ratio of the first overtone and fundamental periods provided by Gaia DR2 while the Gaia DR2 parallaxes are used to determine the Galactocentric distances of the stars. From a visual inspection of the light curves, it turns out that a large fraction (77%) of the Galactic F/1O double-mode Cepheids in Gaia DR2 are spurious detections. Gaia DR2 provides 3 new bona fide F/1O Cepheids. Combining them with the currently known F/1O Cepheids and using the Gaia DR2 parallaxes for the entire sample, we can derive the metallicity gradient in the Milky Way disk. We find a slope of -0.045$\pm$0.007 dex/kpc using a bootstrap method, and of -0.040$\pm$0.002 dex/kpc using a total least squares method. These results are in good agreement with previous determinations of the [Fe/H] gradient in the disk based on canonical Cepheids. The period ratio of F/1O Cepheids allows for a reliable determination of the metallicity gradient in the Milky Way, and in turn, in other systems that would be difficult to reach via classical spectroscopic methods., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted in A&A

Published
2018
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6. The Science Case for Multi-Object Spectroscopy on the European ELT

Author

Evans, Chris, Puech, Mathieu, Afonso, Jose, Almaini, Omar, Amram, Philippe, Aussel, Hervé, Barbuy, Beatriz, Basden, Alistair, Bastian, Nate, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Biller, Beth, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bouché, Nicholas, Bunker, Andy, Caffau, Elisabetta, Charlot, Stephane, Cirasuolo, Michele, Clenet, Yann, Combes, Francoise, Conselice, Chris, Contini, Thierry, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Ben, de Koter, Alex, Disseau, Karen, Dunlop, Jim, Epinat, Benoît, Fiore, Fabrizio, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferguson, Annette, Flores, Hector, Fontana, Adriano, Fusco, Thierry, Gadotti, Dimitri, Gallazzi, Anna, Gallego, Jesus, Giallongo, Emanuele, Gonçalves, Thiago, Gratadour, Damien, Guenther, Eike, Hammer, Francois, Hill, Vanessa, Huertas-Company, Marc, Ibata, Roridgo, Kaper, Lex, Korn, Andreas, Larsen, Søren, Fèvre, Olivier Le, Lemasle, Bertrand, Maraston, Claudia, Mei, Simona, Mellier, Yannick, Morris, Simon, Östlin, Göran, Paumard, Thibaut, Pello, Roser, Pentericci, Laura, Peroux, Celine, Petitjean, Patrick, Rodrigues, Myriam, Rodríguez-Muñoz, Lucía, Rouan, Daniel, Sana, Hugues, Schaerer, Daniel, Telles, Eduardo, Trager, Scott, Tresse, Laurence, Welikala, Niraj, Zibetti, Stefano, and Ziegler, Bodo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

This White Paper presents the scientific motivations for a multi-object spectrograph (MOS) on the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). The MOS case draws on all fields of contemporary astronomy, from extra-solar planets, to the study of the halo of the Milky Way and its satellites, and from resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies out to observations of the earliest 'first-light' structures in the partially-reionised Universe. The material presented here results from thorough discussions within the community over the past four years, building on the past competitive studies to agree a common strategy toward realising a MOS capability on the E-ELT. The cases have been distilled to a set of common requirements which will be used to define the MOSAIC instrument, entailing two observational modes ('high multiplex' and 'high definition'). When combined with the unprecedented sensitivity of the E-ELT, MOSAIC will be the world's leading MOS facility. In analysing the requirements we also identify a high-multiplex MOS for the longer-term plans for the E-ELT, with an even greater multiplex (>1000 targets) to enable studies of large-scale structures in the high-redshift Universe. Following the green light for the construction of the E-ELT the MOS community, structured through the MOSAIC consortium, is eager to realise a MOS on the E-ELT as soon as possible. We argue that several of the most compelling cases for ELT science, in highly competitive areas of modern astronomy, demand such a capability. For example, MOS observations in the early stages of E-ELT operations will be essential for follow-up of sources identified by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In particular, multi-object adaptive optics and accurate sky subtraction with fibres have both recently been demonstrated on sky, making fast-track development of MOSAIC feasible., Comment: Significantly expanded and updated version of previous ELT-MOS White Paper, so there is some textual overlap with arXiv:1303.0029

Published
2015

7. ELT-MOS White Paper: Science Overview & Requirements

Author

Evans, Chris, Puech, Mathieu, Barbuy, Beatriz, Bastian, Nate, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Ben, Dunlop, Jim, Flores, Hector, Hammer, Francois, Kaper, Lex, Lemasle, Bertrand, Morris, Simon, Pentericci, Laura, Petitjean, Patrick, Schaerer, Daniel, Telles, Eduardo, Welikala, Niraj, and Ziegler, Bodo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The workhorse instruments of the 8-10m class observatories have become their multi-object spectrographs (MOS), providing comprehensive follow-up to both ground-based and space-borne imaging. With the advent of deeper imaging surveys from, e.g., the HST and VISTA, there are a plethora of spectroscopic targets which are already beyond the sensitivity limits of current facilities. This wealth of targets will grow even more rapidly in the coming years, e.g., after the completion of ALMA, the launch of the JWST and Euclid, and the advent of the LSST. Thus, one of the key requirements underlying plans for the next generation of ground-based telescopes, the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), is for even greater sensitivity for optical and infrared spectroscopy. Here we revisit the scientific motivation for a MOS capability on the European ELT, combining updated elements of science cases advanced from the Phase A instrument studies with new science cases which draw on the latest results and discoveries. These science cases address key questions related to galaxy evolution over cosmic time, from studies of resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies out to observations of the most distant galaxies, and are used to identify the top-level requirements on an 'E-ELT/MOS'. We argue that several of the most compelling ELT science cases demand MOS observations, in highly competitive areas of modern astronomy. Recent technical studies have demonstrated that important issues related to e.g. sky subtraction and multi-object AO can be solved, making fast- track development of a MOS instrument feasible. To ensure that ESO retains world leadership in exploring the most distant objects in the Universe, galaxy evolution and stellar populations, we are convinced that a MOS should have high priority in the instrumentation plan for the E-ELT., Comment: White Paper presented at the 'Shaping E-ELT Science & Instrumentation' workshop, Feb. 2013; comments and additional input welcomed

Published
2013

8. The extremely low-metallicity tail of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy

Author

Starkenburg, Else, Hill, Vanessa, Tolstoy, Eline, Francois, Patrick, Irwin, Mike J., Boschman, Leon, Venn, Kim A., de Boer, Thomas J. L., Lemasle, Bertrand, Jablonka, Pascale, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Groot, Paul, and Kaper, Lex

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present abundances for seven stars in the (extremely) low-metallicity tail of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, from spectra taken with X-shooter on the ESO VLT. Targets were selected from the Ca II triplet (CaT) survey of the Dwarf Abundances and Radial Velocities Team (DART) using the latest calibration. Of the seven extremely metal-poor candidates, five stars are confirmed to be extremely metal-poor (i.e., [Fe/H]<-3 dex), with [Fe/H]=-3.47 +/- 0.07 for our most metal-poor star. All are around or below [Fe/H]=-2.5 dex from the measurement of individual Fe lines. These values are in agreement with the CaT predictions to within error bars. None of the seven stars is found to be carbon-rich. We estimate a 2-13% possibility of this being a pure chance effect, which could indicate a lower fraction of carbon-rich extremely metal-poor stars in Sculptor compared to the Milky Way halo. The [alpha/Fe] ratios show a range from +0.5 to -0.5, a larger variation than seen in Galactic samples although typically consistent within 1-2sigma. One star seems mildly iron-enhanced. Our program stars show no deviations from the Galactic abundance trends in chromium and the heavy elements barium and strontium. Sodium abundances are, however, below the Galactic values for several stars. Overall, we conclude that the CaT lines are a successful metallicity indicator down to the extremely metal-poor regime and that the extremely metal-poor stars in the Sculptor dwarf galaxy are chemically more similar to their Milky Way halo equivalents than the more metal-rich population of stars., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Very minor corrections made to match the published version

Published
2012
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9. Nucleosynthesis and the Inhomogeneous Chemical Evolution of the Carina Dwarf Galaxy

Author

Venn, Kim, Shetrone, Matthew, Irwin, Mike, Hill, Vanessa, Jablonka, Pascale, Tolstoy, Eline, Lemasle, Bertrand, Divell, Mike, Starkenburg, Else, Letarte, Bruno, Baldner, Charles, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Helmi, Amina, Kaufer, Andreas, and Primas, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The detailed abundances of 23 elements in nine bright RGB stars in the Carina dSph are presented based on high resolution spectra gathered at the VLT and Magellan telescopes. A spherical model atmospheres analysis is applied using standard methods to spectra ranging from 380 to 680 nm. The stars in this analysis range from -2.9 < [Fe/H] < -1.3, and adopting the ages determined by Lemasle et al. (2012), we are able to examine the chemical evolution of Carina's old and intermediate-aged populations. One of the main results from this work is the evidence for inhomogeneous mixing in Carina; a large dispersion in [Mg/Fe] indicates poor mixing in the old population, an offset in the [alpha/Fe] ratios between the old and intermediate-aged populations (when examined with previously published results) suggests that the second star formation event occurred in alpha-enriched gas, and one star, Car-612, seems to have formed in a pocket enhanced in SN Ia/II products. This latter star provides the first direct link between the formation of stars with enhanced SN Ia/II ratios in dwarf galaxies to those found in the outer Galactic halo (Ivans et al. 2003). Another important result is the potential evidence for SN II driven winds. We show that the very metal-poor stars in Carina have not been enhanced in AGB or SN Ia products, and therefore their very low ratios of [Sr/Ba] suggests the loss of contributions from the early SNe II. Low ratios of [Na/Fe], [Mn/Fe], and [Cr/Fe] in two of these stars support this scenario, with additional evidence from the low [Zn/Fe] upper limit for one star. It is interesting that the chemistry of the metal-poor stars in Carina is not similar to those in the Galaxy, most of the other dSphs, or the UFDs, and suggests that Carina may be at the critical mass where some chemical enrichment events are lost through SN II driven winds., Comment: 28 pages, 26 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2012
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10. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author

Jin, Shoko, primary, Trager, Scott C, additional, Dalton, Gavin B, additional, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, additional, Drew, J E, additional, Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, additional, Gänsicke, Boris T, additional, Hill, Vanessa, additional, Iovino, Angela, additional, Pieri, Matthew M, additional, Poggianti, Bianca M, additional, Smith, D J B, additional, Vallenari, Antonella, additional, Abrams, Don Carlos, additional, Aguado, David S, additional, Antoja, Teresa, additional, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, additional, Ascasibar, Yago, additional, Babusiaux, Carine, additional, Balcells, Marc, additional, Barrena, R, additional, Battaglia, Giuseppina, additional, Belokurov, Vasily, additional, Bensby, Thomas, additional, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, additional, Bragaglia, Angela, additional, Carrasco, Esperanza, additional, Carrera, Ricardo, additional, Cornwell, Daniel J, additional, Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, additional, Duncan, Kenneth J, additional, Famaey, Benoit, additional, Fari na, Cecilia, additional, Gonzalez, Oscar A, additional, Guest, Steve, additional, Hatch, Nina A, additional, Hess, Kelley M, additional, Hoskin, Matthew J, additional, Irwin, Mike, additional, Knapen, Johan H, additional, Koposov, Sergey E, additional, Kuchner, Ulrike, additional, Laigle, Clotilde, additional, Lewis, Jim, additional, Longhetti, Marcella, additional, Lucatello, Sara, additional, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, additional, Mercurio, Amata, additional, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, additional, Monguió, Maria, additional, Morrison, Sean, additional, Murphy, David N A, additional, de Arriba, Luis Peralta, additional, Pérez, Isabel, additional, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, additional, Picó, Sergio, additional, Raddi, Roberto, additional, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, additional, Royer, Frédéric, additional, Siebert, Arnaud, additional, Seabroke, George M, additional, Som, Debopam, additional, Terrett, David, additional, Thomas, Guillaume, additional, Wesson, Roger, additional, Worley, C Clare, additional, Alfaro, Emilio J, additional, Prieto, Carlos Allende, additional, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, additional, Amos, Nicholas J, additional, Ashley, Richard P, additional, Balaguer-Nú nez, Lola, additional, Balbinot, Eduardo, additional, Bellazzini, Michele, additional, Benn, Chris R, additional, Berlanas, Sara R, additional, Bernard, Edouard J, additional, Best, Philip, additional, Bettoni, Daniela, additional, Bianco, Andrea, additional, Bishop, Georgia, additional, Blomqvist, Michael, additional, Boeche, Corrado, additional, Bolzonella, Micol, additional, Bonoli, Silvia, additional, Bosma, Albert, additional, Britavskiy, Nikolay, additional, Busarello, Gianni, additional, Caffau, Elisabetta, additional, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, additional, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, additional, Couto, Guilherme, additional, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, additional, Carter, David, additional, Casamiquela, Laia, additional, Conrado, Ana M, additional, Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, additional, Costantin, Luca, additional, Deason, Alis, additional, de Burgos, Abel, additional, De Grandi, Sabrina, additional, Di Matteo, Paola, additional, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, additional, Dorda, Ricardo, additional, Drake, Alyssa, additional, Dutta, Rajeshwari, additional, Erkal, Denis, additional, Feltzing, Sofia, additional, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, additional, Feuillet, Diane, additional, Figueras, Francesca, additional, Fossati, Matteo, additional, Franciosini, Elena, additional, Frasca, Antonio, additional, Fumagalli, Michele, additional, Gallazzi, Anna, additional, García-Benito, Rubén, additional, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, additional, Gebran, Marwan, additional, Gilbert, James, additional, Gledhill, T M, additional, Delgado, Rosa M González, additional, Greimel, Robert, additional, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, additional, Guerra, Jose, additional, Gullieuszik, Marco, additional, Haines, Christopher P, additional, Hardcastle, Martin J, additional, Harris, Amy, additional, Haywood, Misha, additional, Helmi, Amina, additional, Hernandez, Nauzet, additional, Herrero, Artemio, additional, Hughes, Sarah, additional, Irsic, Vid, additional, Jablonka, Pascale, additional, Jarvis, Matt J, additional, Jordi, Carme, additional, Kondapally, Rohit, additional, Kordopatis, Georges, additional, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, additional, Barbera, Francesco La, additional, Lam, Man I, additional, Larsen, Søren S, additional, Lemasle, Bertrand, additional, Lewis, Ian J, additional, Lhomé, Emilie, additional, Lind, Karin, additional, Lodi, Marcello, additional, Longobardi, Alessia, additional, Lonoce, Ilaria, additional, Magrini, Laura, additional, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, additional, Marchal, Olivier, additional, Marco, Amparo, additional, Martin, Nicolas F, additional, Matsuno, Tadafumi, additional, Maurogordato, Sophie, additional, Merluzzi, Paola, additional, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, additional, Molinari, Emilio, additional, Monari, Giacomo, additional, Morelli, Lorenzo, additional, Mottram, Christopher J, additional, Naylor, Tim, additional, Negueruela, Ignacio, additional, Onorbe, Jose, additional, Pancino, Elena, additional, Peirani, Sébastien, additional, Peletier, Reynier F, additional, Pozzetti, Lucia, additional, Rainer, Monica, additional, Ramos, Pau, additional, Read, Shaun C, additional, Rossi, Elena Maria, additional, Röttgering, Huub J A, additional, Rubi no-Martín, Jose Alberto, additional, Montes, Jose Sabater, additional, Juan, José San, additional, Sanna, Nicoletta, additional, Schallig, Ellen, additional, Schiavon, Ricardo P, additional, Schultheis, Mathias, additional, Serra, Paolo, additional, Shimwell, Timothy W, additional, Simón-Díaz, Sergio, additional, Smith, Russell J, additional, Sordo, Rosanna, additional, Sorini, Daniele, additional, Soubiran, Caroline, additional, Starkenburg, Else, additional, Steele, Iain A, additional, Stott, John, additional, Stuik, Remko, additional, Tolstoy, Eline, additional, Tortora, Crescenzo, additional, Tsantaki, Maria, additional, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, additional, van Weeren, Reinout J, additional, Vergani, Daniela, additional, Verheijen, Marc A W, additional, Verro, Kristiina, additional, Vink, Jorick S, additional, Vioque, Miguel, additional, Walcher, C Jakob, additional, Walton, Nicholas A, additional, Wegg, Christopher, additional, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, additional, Williams, Wendy L, additional, Wilson, Andrew J, additional, Wright, Nicholas J, additional, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, additional, Youakim, Kris, additional, Zibetti, Stefano, additional, and Zurita, Cristina, additional

Published
2023
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11. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J.E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, B.T., Hill, V., Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Fumagalli, Michele, Boeche, Corrado, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Bellazzini, M., Drake, Alyssa, Longhetti, Marcella, Herrero, Artemio, Monari, Giacomo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Deason, Alis, Irwin, M., Sordo, R., Serra, Paolo, Lucatello, Sara, Bolzonella, Micol, Gallazzi, Anna, Peralta de Arriba, Luis, García-Benito, Rubén, Van der Swaelmen, M., Stuik, Remko, Peletier, Reynier F., Hughes, Sarah, de Burgos, Abel, Magrini, L., Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Pérez, Isabel, Carter, David, Haines, Christopher P., Som, Debopam, Lind, K., Hardcastle, Martin J., Raddi, Roberto, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Vioque, Miguel, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Figueras, Francesca, Irsic, Vid, Bernard, Edouard J., Jablonka, Pascale, Amos, Nicholas J., Lodi, Marcello, Ascasibar, Yago, Abrams, Don Carlos, Best, Philip, Gebran, M., Lam, Man I., Bonoli, Silvia, Larsen, Søren S., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Bragaglia, A., Verro, Kristiina, Longobardi, Alessia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Jarvis, Matt J., Schultheis, Mathias, Feuillet, D.K., Bosma, Albert, Haywood, Misha, Marco, Amparo, Casamiquela, L., Sabater Montes, Jose, Martin, Nicolas F., Sorini, Daniele, Cantat-Gaudin, T., Kuchner, Ulrike, Hoskin, Matthew J., Smith, D.J.B., Jordi, C., Mottram, Christopher J., Fossati, Matteo, Naylor, Tim, Dorda Laforet, Ricardo, San Juan, José, Antoja, Teresa, Vink, Jorick S., Merluzzi, Paola, Franciosini, E., Lewis, Ian J., Ramos, Pau, Gilbert, James, Read, Shaun C., Siebert, Arnaud, Picó, Sergio, Hatch, Nina A., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Sanna, N., Tolstoy, Eline, Negueruela, Ignacio, Vallenari, A., Gledhill, T.M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Maurogordato, Sophie, Simón Díaz, Sergio, Helmi, Amina, Wright, N., Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Smith, Russell J., Babusiaux, Carine, Gullieuszik, Marco, Balbinot, Eduardo, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Hernandez, Nauzet, Onorbe, Jose, Tortora, Crescenzo, Kondapally, Rohit, Tsantaki, M., Bettoni, Daniela, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Schallig, Ellen, Hess, Kelley M., Soubiran, C., Kordopatis, G., Röttgering, Huub J.A., Walton, N., Lhomé, Emilie, Wegg, Christopher, La Barbera, Francesco, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Caffau, Elisabetta, Alfaro, Emilio J., Starkenburg, Else, Youakim, Kris, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Zibetti, Stefano, Marchal, Olivier, Erkal, Denis, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Molinari, Emilio, van Weeren, Reinout J., Carrera, Ricardo, Pancino, E., Cornwell, Daniel J., Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Frasca, A., Britavskiy, Nikolay, Mercurio, Amata, Zurita, Cristina, Allende Prieto, C., Balcells, Marc, Peirani, Sébastien, Williams, Wendy L., Knapen, Johan H., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Terrett, David, Koposov, S., Rainer, Monica, Harris, Amy, Guerra, Jose, De Grandi, Sabrina, Belokurov, Vasily, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Steele, Iain A., Monguió, María, Shimwell, Timothy W., Thomas, Guillaume, Busarello, Gianni, Lewis, J., Stott, John, Duncan, Kenneth J., Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Vergani, Daniela, Royer, Frédéric, Lemasle, Bertrand, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Greimel, Robert, Wesson, Roger, Bianco, Andrea, Morrison, Sean, Di Matteo, Paola, Barrena, R., Verheijen, Marc A.W., Laigle, Clotilde, Ashley, Richard P., Wilson, Andrew J., Conrado, Ana M., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Feltzing, S., Walcher, C. Jakob, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maíz Apellániz, Jesús, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Murphy, D.N.A., Bishop, Georgia, Bensby, T., Blomqvist, Michael, Aguado, David S., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Worley, C.C., Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Benn, Chris R., Bonifacio, P., Seabroke, G.M., Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Famaey, Benoit, Couto, Guilherme, Rossi, Elena Maria, Pozzetti, Lucia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Berlanas, Sara R., Costantin, Luca, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J.E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, B.T., Hill, V., Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Fumagalli, Michele, Boeche, Corrado, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Bellazzini, M., Drake, Alyssa, Longhetti, Marcella, Herrero, Artemio, Monari, Giacomo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Deason, Alis, Irwin, M., Sordo, R., Serra, Paolo, Lucatello, Sara, Bolzonella, Micol, Gallazzi, Anna, Peralta de Arriba, Luis, García-Benito, Rubén, Van der Swaelmen, M., Stuik, Remko, Peletier, Reynier F., Hughes, Sarah, de Burgos, Abel, Magrini, L., Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Pérez, Isabel, Carter, David, Haines, Christopher P., Som, Debopam, Lind, K., Hardcastle, Martin J., Raddi, Roberto, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Vioque, Miguel, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Figueras, Francesca, Irsic, Vid, Bernard, Edouard J., Jablonka, Pascale, Amos, Nicholas J., Lodi, Marcello, Ascasibar, Yago, Abrams, Don Carlos, Best, Philip, Gebran, M., Lam, Man I., Bonoli, Silvia, Larsen, Søren S., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Bragaglia, A., Verro, Kristiina, Longobardi, Alessia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Jarvis, Matt J., Schultheis, Mathias, Feuillet, D.K., Bosma, Albert, Haywood, Misha, Marco, Amparo, Casamiquela, L., Sabater Montes, Jose, Martin, Nicolas F., Sorini, Daniele, Cantat-Gaudin, T., Kuchner, Ulrike, Hoskin, Matthew J., Smith, D.J.B., Jordi, C., Mottram, Christopher J., Fossati, Matteo, Naylor, Tim, Dorda Laforet, Ricardo, San Juan, José, Antoja, Teresa, Vink, Jorick S., Merluzzi, Paola, Franciosini, E., Lewis, Ian J., Ramos, Pau, Gilbert, James, Read, Shaun C., Siebert, Arnaud, Picó, Sergio, Hatch, Nina A., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Sanna, N., Tolstoy, Eline, Negueruela, Ignacio, Vallenari, A., Gledhill, T.M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Maurogordato, Sophie, Simón Díaz, Sergio, Helmi, Amina, Wright, N., Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Smith, Russell J., Babusiaux, Carine, Gullieuszik, Marco, Balbinot, Eduardo, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Hernandez, Nauzet, Onorbe, Jose, Tortora, Crescenzo, Kondapally, Rohit, Tsantaki, M., Bettoni, Daniela, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Schallig, Ellen, Hess, Kelley M., Soubiran, C., Kordopatis, G., Röttgering, Huub J.A., Walton, N., Lhomé, Emilie, Wegg, Christopher, La Barbera, Francesco, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Caffau, Elisabetta, Alfaro, Emilio J., Starkenburg, Else, Youakim, Kris, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Zibetti, Stefano, Marchal, Olivier, Erkal, Denis, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Molinari, Emilio, van Weeren, Reinout J., Carrera, Ricardo, Pancino, E., Cornwell, Daniel J., Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Frasca, A., Britavskiy, Nikolay, Mercurio, Amata, Zurita, Cristina, Allende Prieto, C., Balcells, Marc, Peirani, Sébastien, Williams, Wendy L., Knapen, Johan H., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Terrett, David, Koposov, S., Rainer, Monica, Harris, Amy, Guerra, Jose, De Grandi, Sabrina, Belokurov, Vasily, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Steele, Iain A., Monguió, María, Shimwell, Timothy W., Thomas, Guillaume, Busarello, Gianni, Lewis, J., Stott, John, Duncan, Kenneth J., Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Vergani, Daniela, Royer, Frédéric, Lemasle, Bertrand, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Greimel, Robert, Wesson, Roger, Bianco, Andrea, Morrison, Sean, Di Matteo, Paola, Barrena, R., Verheijen, Marc A.W., Laigle, Clotilde, Ashley, Richard P., Wilson, Andrew J., Conrado, Ana M., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Feltzing, S., Walcher, C. Jakob, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maíz Apellániz, Jesús, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Murphy, D.N.A., Bishop, Georgia, Bensby, T., Blomqvist, Michael, Aguado, David S., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Worley, C.C., Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Benn, Chris R., Bonifacio, P., Seabroke, G.M., Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Famaey, Benoit, Couto, Guilherme, Rossi, Elena Maria, Pozzetti, Lucia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Berlanas, Sara R., and Costantin, Luca

Abstract

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.

Published
2023

12. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author

Jin, S, Trager, S, Dalton, G, Aguerri, J, Drew, J, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gänsicke, B, Hill, V, Iovino, A, Pieri, M, Poggianti, B, Smith, D, Vallenari, A, Abrams, D, Aguado, D, Antoja, T, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Ascasibar, Y, Babusiaux, C, Balcells, M, Barrena, R, Battaglia, G, Belokurov, V, Bensby, T, Bonifacio, P, Bragaglia, A, Carrasco, E, Carrera, R, Cornwell, D, Domínguez-Palmero, L, Duncan, K, Famaey, B, Fari na, C, Gonzalez, O, Guest, S, Hatch, N, Hess, K, Hoskin, M, Irwin, M, Knapen, J, Koposov, S, Kuchner, U, Laigle, C, Lewis, J, Longhetti, M, Lucatello, S, Méndez-Abreu, J, Mercurio, A, Molaeinezhad, A, Monguió, M, Morrison, S, Murphy, D, de Arriba, L, Pérez, I, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Picó, S, Raddi, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Royer, F, Siebert, A, Seabroke, G, Som, D, Terrett, D, Thomas, G, Wesson, R, Worley, C, Alfaro, E, Prieto, C, Alonso-Santiago, J, Amos, N, Ashley, R, Balaguer-Nú nez, L, Balbinot, E, Bellazzini, M, Benn, C, Berlanas, S, Bernard, E, Best, P, Bettoni, D, Bianco, A, Bishop, G, Blomqvist, M, Boeche, C, Bolzonella, M, Bonoli, S, Bosma, A, Britavskiy, N, Busarello, G, Caffau, E, Cantat-Gaudin, T, Castro-Ginard, A, Couto, G, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J, Carter, D, Casamiquela, L, Conrado, A, Corcho-Caballero, P, Costantin, L, Deason, A, de Burgos, A, De Grandi, S, Di Matteo, P, Domínguez-Gómez, J, Dorda, R, Drake, A, Dutta, R, Erkal, D, Feltzing, S, Ferré-Mateu, A, Feuillet, D, Figueras, F, Fossati, M, Franciosini, E, Frasca, A, Fumagalli, M, Gallazzi, A, García-Benito, R, Fusillo, N, Gebran, M, Gilbert, J, Gledhill, T, Delgado, R, Greimel, R, Guarcello, M, Guerra, J, Gullieuszik, M, Haines, C, Hardcastle, M, Harris, A, Haywood, M, Helmi, A, Hernandez, N, Herrero, A, Hughes, S, Irsic, V, Jablonka, P, Jarvis, M, Jordi, C, Kondapally, R, Kordopatis, G, Krogager, J, Barbera, F, Lam, M, Larsen, S, Lemasle, B, Lewis, I, Lhomé, E, Lind, K, Lodi, M, Longobardi, A, Lonoce, I, Magrini, L, Apellániz, J, Marchal, O, Marco, A, Martin, N, Matsuno, T, Maurogordato, S, Merluzzi, P, Miralda-Escudé, J, Molinari, E, Monari, G, Morelli, L, Mottram, C, Naylor, T, Negueruela, I, Onorbe, J, Pancino, E, Peirani, S, Peletier, R, Pozzetti, L, Rainer, M, Ramos, P, Read, S, Rossi, E, Röttgering, H, Rubi no-Martín, J, Montes, J, Juan, J, Sanna, N, Schallig, E, Schiavon, R, Schultheis, M, Serra, P, Shimwell, T, Simón-Díaz, S, Smith, R, Sordo, R, Sorini, D, Soubiran, C, Starkenburg, E, Steele, I, Stott, J, Stuik, R, Tolstoy, E, Tortora, C, Tsantaki, M, Van der Swaelmen, M, van Weeren, R, Vergani, D, Verheijen, M, Verro, K, Vink, J, Vioque, M, Walcher, C, Walton, N, Wegg, C, Weijmans, A, Williams, W, Wilson, A, Wright, N, Xylakis-Dornbusch, T, Youakim, K, Zibetti, S, Zurita, C, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C, Dalton, Gavin B, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Drew, J E, Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T, Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M, Poggianti, Bianca M, Smith, D J B, Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S, Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J, Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J, Famaey, Benoit, Fari na, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A, Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A, Hess, Kelley M, Hoskin, Matthew J, Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H, Koposov, Sergey E, Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N A, de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M, Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J, Ashley, Richard P, Balaguer-Nú nez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R, Berlanas, Sara R, Bernard, Edouard J, Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M, Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T M, Delgado, Rosa M González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P, Hardcastle, Martin J, Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J, Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Barbera, Francesco La, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J, Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J, Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F, Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C, Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J A, Rubi no-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P, Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W, Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J, Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A, Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J, Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A W, Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S, Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A, Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L, Wilson, Andrew J, Wright, Nicholas J, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, S, Trager, S, Dalton, G, Aguerri, J, Drew, J, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gänsicke, B, Hill, V, Iovino, A, Pieri, M, Poggianti, B, Smith, D, Vallenari, A, Abrams, D, Aguado, D, Antoja, T, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Ascasibar, Y, Babusiaux, C, Balcells, M, Barrena, R, Battaglia, G, Belokurov, V, Bensby, T, Bonifacio, P, Bragaglia, A, Carrasco, E, Carrera, R, Cornwell, D, Domínguez-Palmero, L, Duncan, K, Famaey, B, Fari na, C, Gonzalez, O, Guest, S, Hatch, N, Hess, K, Hoskin, M, Irwin, M, Knapen, J, Koposov, S, Kuchner, U, Laigle, C, Lewis, J, Longhetti, M, Lucatello, S, Méndez-Abreu, J, Mercurio, A, Molaeinezhad, A, Monguió, M, Morrison, S, Murphy, D, de Arriba, L, Pérez, I, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Picó, S, Raddi, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Royer, F, Siebert, A, Seabroke, G, Som, D, Terrett, D, Thomas, G, Wesson, R, Worley, C, Alfaro, E, Prieto, C, Alonso-Santiago, J, Amos, N, Ashley, R, Balaguer-Nú nez, L, Balbinot, E, Bellazzini, M, Benn, C, Berlanas, S, Bernard, E, Best, P, Bettoni, D, Bianco, A, Bishop, G, Blomqvist, M, Boeche, C, Bolzonella, M, Bonoli, S, Bosma, A, Britavskiy, N, Busarello, G, Caffau, E, Cantat-Gaudin, T, Castro-Ginard, A, Couto, G, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J, Carter, D, Casamiquela, L, Conrado, A, Corcho-Caballero, P, Costantin, L, Deason, A, de Burgos, A, De Grandi, S, Di Matteo, P, Domínguez-Gómez, J, Dorda, R, Drake, A, Dutta, R, Erkal, D, Feltzing, S, Ferré-Mateu, A, Feuillet, D, Figueras, F, Fossati, M, Franciosini, E, Frasca, A, Fumagalli, M, Gallazzi, A, García-Benito, R, Fusillo, N, Gebran, M, Gilbert, J, Gledhill, T, Delgado, R, Greimel, R, Guarcello, M, Guerra, J, Gullieuszik, M, Haines, C, Hardcastle, M, Harris, A, Haywood, M, Helmi, A, Hernandez, N, Herrero, A, Hughes, S, Irsic, V, Jablonka, P, Jarvis, M, Jordi, C, Kondapally, R, Kordopatis, G, Krogager, J, Barbera, F, Lam, M, Larsen, S, Lemasle, B, Lewis, I, Lhomé, E, Lind, K, Lodi, M, Longobardi, A, Lonoce, I, Magrini, L, Apellániz, J, Marchal, O, Marco, A, Martin, N, Matsuno, T, Maurogordato, S, Merluzzi, P, Miralda-Escudé, J, Molinari, E, Monari, G, Morelli, L, Mottram, C, Naylor, T, Negueruela, I, Onorbe, J, Pancino, E, Peirani, S, Peletier, R, Pozzetti, L, Rainer, M, Ramos, P, Read, S, Rossi, E, Röttgering, H, Rubi no-Martín, J, Montes, J, Juan, J, Sanna, N, Schallig, E, Schiavon, R, Schultheis, M, Serra, P, Shimwell, T, Simón-Díaz, S, Smith, R, Sordo, R, Sorini, D, Soubiran, C, Starkenburg, E, Steele, I, Stott, J, Stuik, R, Tolstoy, E, Tortora, C, Tsantaki, M, Van der Swaelmen, M, van Weeren, R, Vergani, D, Verheijen, M, Verro, K, Vink, J, Vioque, M, Walcher, C, Walton, N, Wegg, C, Weijmans, A, Williams, W, Wilson, A, Wright, N, Xylakis-Dornbusch, T, Youakim, K, Zibetti, S, Zurita, C, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C, Dalton, Gavin B, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Drew, J E, Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T, Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M, Poggianti, Bianca M, Smith, D J B, Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S, Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J, Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J, Famaey, Benoit, Fari na, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A, Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A, Hess, Kelley M, Hoskin, Matthew J, Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H, Koposov, Sergey E, Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N A, de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M, Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J, Ashley, Richard P, Balaguer-Nú nez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R, Berlanas, Sara R, Bernard, Edouard J, Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M, Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T M, Delgado, Rosa M González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P, Hardcastle, Martin J, Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J, Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Barbera, Francesco La, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J, Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J, Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F, Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C, Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J A, Rubi no-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P, Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W, Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J, Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A, Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J, Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A W, Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S, Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A, Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L, Wilson, Andrew J, Wright, Nicholas J, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina

Abstract

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.

Published
2023

13. A study of Cepheids in open clusters in the Gaia eDR3 era

Author

Medina, Gustavo E., Lemasle, Bertrand, and Grebel, Eva K.

Abstract

Classical Cepheids in open clusters are valuable ingredients for studies concerning young stellar populations (Cepheids are tracers of young and massive populations and of recent star formation episodes), cluster dynamics, and for the calibration of the period-luminosity and period-age relation of Cepheids (among other uses). However, in spite of the evident relevance of these stars for such studies, after decades of dedicated efforts a relatively small number of them has been reported to be bona fide Galactic cluster Cepheids. In this contribution, we present the results of an all-sky search for classical Cepheids in Galactic open clusters using state-of-the-art data, taking advantage of the unprecedented astrometric precision of the (early) third data release of the Gaia mission. Together with the description of our methodology, based on the spatial distribution and kinematics of Cepheids and clusters, we briefly discuss the implications of our findings and their impact in the current understanding of the birthplace of Cepheids and their fundamental properties., G.M. acknowledges the support of the Hector Fellow Academy. B.L. and E.K.G. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 138713538 – SFB 881 ("The Milky Way System", subprojects A05, B05)., {"references":["Anderson R. I., Eyer L., Mowlavi N., 2013. MNRAS, 434, 2238.","Anderson R. I., et al., 2016, A&A, 591, A8","Bono G., et al., 2005, ApJ, 621, 966","Bressan, A. et al., 2012. MNRAS, 427, 127","Cantat-Gaudin T., et al., 2018. A&A, 618, A93","Cantat-Gaudin T., et al., 2020, A&A, 640, A1","Carrera R., et al., 2019, A&A, 623, A80","Castro-Ginard A., et al., 2020, A&A, 635, A45","Choi J., et al., 2016, ApJ, 823, 102","De Somma G., et al., 2020, MNRAS, 496, 5039","Hunt E. L. & Reffert S., 2021, A&A, 646, A104","Kounkel M., Covey K., Stassun K. G., 2020, AJ, 160, 279","Medina G. E., Lemasle B., Grebel E. K., 2021, MNRAS, 505, 1342","Mel'nik A. M., et al., 2015, AN, 336, 70","Paxton B., et al., 2011, ApJS, 192, 3"]}

Published
2021
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16. 4MOST Consortium Survey 9: One Thousand and One Magellanic Fields (1001MC)

Author

Cioni, M.- R. L., Storm, Jesper, Bell, Cameron P. M., Lemasle, Bertrand, Niederhofer, Florian, Bestenlehner, Joachim M., Youssoufi, Dalal El, Feltzing, Sofia, González-Fernández, Carlos, Grebel, Eva K., Hobbs, David, Irwin, Mike, Jablonka, Pascale, Koch, Andreas, Schnurr, Olivier, Schmidt, Thomas, and Steinmetz, Matthias

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The One Thousand and One Magellanic Fields (1001MC) survey aims to measure the kinematics and elemental abundances of many different stellar populations that sample the history of formation and interaction of the Magellanic Clouds. The survey will collect spectra of about half a million stars with G < 19.5 magnitudes (Vega) distributed over an area of about 1000 square degrees and will provide an invaluable dataset for a wide range of scientific applications., Published in The Messenger vol. 175, pp. 54-57, March 2019.

Published
2019
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17. Nature of a shell of young stars in the outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud

Author

Martínez-Delgado, David, primary, Katherina Vivas, Anna, additional, Grebel, Eva K., additional, Gallart, Carme, additional, Pieres, Adriano, additional, Bell, Cameron P. M., additional, Zivick, Paul, additional, Lemasle, Bertrand, additional, Clifton Johnson, Lent, additional, Carballo-Bello, Julio A., additional, Noël, Noelia E. D., additional, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., additional, Choi, Yumi, additional, Besla, Gurtina, additional, Schmidt, Judy, additional, Zaritsky, Dennis, additional, Gruendl, Robert A., additional, Seibert, Mark, additional, Nidever, David, additional, Monteagudo, Laura, additional, Monelli, Mateo, additional, Hubl, Bernhard, additional, van der Marel, Roeland, additional, Ballesteros, Fernando J., additional, Stringfellow, Guy, additional, Walker, Alistair, additional, Blum, Robert, additional, Bell, Eric F., additional, Conn, Blair C., additional, Olsen, Knut, additional, Martin, Nicolas, additional, Chu, You-Hua, additional, Inno, Laura, additional, Boer, Thomas J. L., additional, Kallivayalil, Nitya, additional, De Leo, Michele, additional, Beletsky, Yuri, additional, Neyer, Fabian, additional, and Muñoz, Ricardo R., additional

Published
2019
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18. Spectroscopic Properties of a Two-Dimensional Cepheid Model

Author

Vasilyev, Valeriy, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Freytag, Bernd, Lemasle, Bertrand, Marconi, Marcella, Vasilyev, Valeriy, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Freytag, Bernd, Lemasle, Bertrand, and Marconi, Marcella

Abstract

The chemical composition of Cepheid variables can provide information on the chemo-dynamical evolution of the Galaxy and beyond. The standard method for determining atmospheric parameters and abundances of Cepheids is based on one-dimensional plane-parallel hydrostatic model atmospheres, where convection is treated by Mixing Length Theory. We check the validity of the quasi-static approach against a two-dimensional dynamical Cepheid model computed with CO5BOLD. The spectroscopic investigation of the two-dimensional Cepheid model allowed to derive projection factors and to explain the residual line-of-sight velocity of Galactic Cepheids, long known as the "K-term", by line shifts of convective origin. Moreover, hydrostatic 1D model atmospheres can provide unbiased estimates of stellar parameters and abundances of Cepheids for particular phases of their pulsations.

Published
2017

19. Chemical Abundances of Metal-poor stars in Dwarf Galaxies

Author

Venn, Kim A., Jablonka, Pascale, Hill, Vanessa, Starkenburg, Else, Lemasle, Bertrand, Shetrone, Matthew, Irwin, Mike, Norris, John, Yong, David, Gilmore, Gerry, Salvadori, Stephania, Skuladottir, Asa, Tolstoy, Eline, Bragaglia, A., Arnaboldi, M., Rejkuba, M., Romano, D., and Astronomy

Subjects
Physics, Spiral galaxy, stars: abundances, K-type main-sequence star, Dwarf galaxy problem, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, galaxies: dwarf, stellar content, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Globular cluster, evolution, Elliptical galaxy, Local Group, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, Luminosity function (astronomy)
Abstract

Stars in low-mass dwarf galaxies show a larger range in their chemical properties than those in the Milky Way halo. The slower star formation efficiency make dwarf galaxies ideal systems for testing nucleosynthetic yields. Not only are alpha-poor stars found at lower metallicities, and a higher fraction of carbon-enhanced stars, but we are also finding stars in dwarf galaxies that appear to be iron-rich. These are compared with yields from a variety of supernova predictions.

Published
2016

21. Chemical Abundances of Metal-poor stars in Dwarf Galaxies

Author

Venn, Kim A., primary, Jablonka, Pascale, additional, Hill, Vanessa, additional, Starkenburg, Else, additional, Lemasle, Bertrand, additional, Shetrone, Matthew, additional, Irwin, Mike, additional, Norris, John, additional, Yong, David, additional, Gilmore, Gerry, additional, Salvadori, Stephania, additional, Skuladottir, Asa, additional, and Tolstoy, Eline, additional

Published
2015
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22. NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND THE INHOMOGENEOUS CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CARINA DWARF GALAXY

Author

Venn, Kim A., primary, Shetrone, Matthew D., additional, Irwin, Mike J., additional, Hill, Vanessa, additional, Jablonka, Pascale, additional, Tolstoy, Eline, additional, Lemasle, Bertrand, additional, Divell, Mike, additional, Starkenburg, Else, additional, Letarte, Bruno, additional, Baldner, Charles, additional, Battaglia, Giuseppina, additional, Helmi, Amina, additional, Kaufer, Andreas, additional, and Primas, Francesca, additional

Published
2012
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23. 4MOST Consortium Survey 3: Milky Way Disc and Bulge Low-Resolution Survey (4MIDABLE-LR)

Author

Chiappini, Cristina, Minchev, Ivan, Starkenburg, Else, Anders, Friedrich, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gerhard, Ortwin, Guiglion, Guillaume, Khalatyan, Arman, Kordopatis, Georges, Lemasle, Bertrand, Matijevic, Gal, Queiroz, Anna Barbara De Andrade, Schwope, Axel, Steinmetz, Matthias, Storm, Jesper, Traven, Gregor, Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, Valentini, Marica, Andrae, Rene, Arentsen, Anke, Asplund, Martin, Bensby, Thomas, Bergemann, Maria, Casagrande, Luca, Church, Ross, Cescutti, Gabriele, Feltzing, Sofia, Fouesneau, Morgan, Grebel, Eva K., Kovalev, Mikhail, McMillan, Paul, Monari, Giacomo, Rybizki, Jan, Ryde, Nils, Rix, Hans-Walter, Walton, Nicholas, Xiang, Maosheng, Zucker, Daniel, and The 4MIDABLE-LR Team

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The mechanisms of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way are encoded in the orbits, chemistry and ages of its stars. With the 4MOST MIlky way Disk And BuLgE Low-Resolution Survey (4MIDABLE-LR) we aim to study kinematic and chemical substructures in the Milky Way disc and bulge region with samples of unprecedented size out to larger distances and greater precision than conceivable with Gaia alone or any other ongoing or planned survey. Gaia gives us the unique opportunity for target selection based almost entirely on parallax and magnitude range, hence increasing the efficiency in sampling larger Milky Way volumes with well-defined and effective selection functions., Published in The Messenger vol. 175, pp. 30-34, March 2019.

24. 4MOST: Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals

Author

De Jong, Roelof S., Agertz, Oscar, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Aird, James, Alexander, David A., Amarsi, Anish, Anders, Friedrich, Andrae, Rene, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Ansorge, Wolfgang, Antilogus, Pierre, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Arentsen, Anke, Arnadottir, Anna, Asplund, Martin, Auger, Matt, Azais, Nicolas, Baade, Dietrich, Baker, Gabriella, Baker, Sufyan, Balbinot, Eduardo, Baldry, Ivan K., Banerji, Manda, Barden, Samuel, Barklem, Paul, Barthélémy-Mazot, Eléonore, Battistini, Chiara, Bauer, Svend, Bell, Cameron P. M., Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Bellstedt, Sabine, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bergemann, Maria, Bestenlehner, Joachim M., Bielby, Richard, Bilicki, Maciej, Blake, Chris, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Boeche, Corrado, Boland, Wilfried, Boller, Thomas, Bongard, Sebastien, Bongiorno, Angela, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Boudon, Didier, Brooks, David, Brown, Michael J. I., Brown, Rebecca, Brüggen, Marcus, Brynnel, Joar, Brzeski, Jurek, Buchert, Thomas, Buschkamp, Peter, Caffau, Elisabetta, Caillier, Patrick, Carrick, Jonathan, Casagrande, Luca, Case, Scott, Casey, Andrew, Cesarini, Isabella, Cescutti, Gabriele, Chapuis, Diane, Chiappini, Cristina, Childress, Michael, Christlieb, Norbert, Church, Ross, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Cluver, Michelle, Colless, Matthew, Collett, Thomas, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew, Couch, Warrick, Courbin, Frederic, Croom, Scott, Croton, Darren, Daguisé, Eric, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Luke J. M., Davis, Tamara, De Laverny, Patrick, Deason, Alis, Dionies, Frank, Disseau, Karen, Doel, Peter, Döscher, Daniel, Driver, Simon P., Dwelly, Tom, Eckert, Dominique, Edge, Alastair, Edvardsson, Bengt, Youssoufi, Dalal El, Elhaddad, Ahmed, Enke, Harry, Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh, Farrell, Tony, Fechner, Thomas, Feiz, Carmen, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferreras, Ignacio, Feuerstein, Dietrich, Feuillet, Diane, Finoguenov, Alexis, Ford, Dominic, Fotopoulou, Sotiria, Fouesneau, Morgan, Frenk, Carlos, Frey, Steffen, Gaessler, Wolfgang, Geier, Stephan, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gerhard, Ortwin, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Giannone, Domenico, Gibson, Brad, Gillingham, Peter, González-Fernández, Carlos, Gonzalez-Solares, Eduardo, Gottloeber, Stefan, Gould, Andrew, Grebel, Eva K., Gueguen, Alain, Guiglion, Guillaume, Haehnelt, Martin, Hahn, Thomas, Hansen, Camilla J., Hartman, Henrik, Hauptner, Katja, Hawkins, Keith, Haynes, Dionne, Haynes, Roger, Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, Amina, Aguayo, Cesar Hernandez, Hewett, Paul, Hinton, Samuel, Hobbs, David, Hoenig, Sebastian, Hofman, David, Hook, Isobel, Hopgood, Joshua, Hopkins, Andrew, Hourihane, Anna, Howes, Louise, Howlett, Cullan, Huet, Tristan, Irwin, Mike, Iwert, Olaf, Jablonka, Pascale, Jahn, Thomas, Jahnke, Knud, Jarno, Aurélien, Jin, Shoko, Jofre, Paula, Johl, Diana, Jones, Damien, Jönsson, Henrik, Jordan, Carola, Karovicova, Iva, Khalatyan, Arman, Kelz, Andreas, Kennicutt, Robert, King, David, Kitaura, Francisco, Klar, Jochen, Klauser, Urs, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koch, Andreas, Koposov, Sergey, Kordopatis, Georges, Korn, Andreas, Kosmalski, Johan, Kotak, Rubina, Kovalev, Mikhail, Kreckel, Kathryn, Kripak, Yevgen, Krumpe, Mirko, Kuijken, Koen, Kunder, Andrea, Kushniruk, Iryna, Lam, Man I, Lamer, Georg, Laurent, Florence, Lawrence, Jon, Lehmitz, Michael, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, James, Li, Baojiu, Lidman, Chris, Lind, Karin, Liske, Jochen, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Loveday, Jon, Ludwig, Hans-Günter, McDermid, Richard M., Maguire, Kate, Mainieri, Vincenzo, Mali, Slavko, Mandel, Holger, Mandel, Kaisey, Mannering, Liz, Martell, Sarah, Delgado, David Martinez, Matijevic, Gal, McGregor, Helen, McMahon, Richard, McMillan, Paul, Mena, Olga, Merloni, Andrea, Meyer, Martin J., Michel, Christophe, Micheva, Genoveva, Migniau, Jean-Emmanuel, Minchev, Ivan, Monari, Giacomo, Muller, Rolf, Murphy, David, Muthukrishna, Daniel, Nandra, Kirpal, Navarro, Ramon, Ness, Melissa, Nichani, Vijay, Nichol, Robert, Nicklas, Harald, Niederhofer, Florian, Norberg, Peder, Obreschkow, Danail, Oliver, Seb, Owers, Matt, Pai, Naveen, Pankratow, Sergei, Parkinson, David, Paschke, Jens, Paterson, Robert, Pecontal, Arlette, Parry, Ian, Phillips, Dan, Pillepich, Annalisa, Pinard, Laurent, Pirard, Jeff, Piskunov, Nikolai, Plank, Volker, Plüschke, Dennis, Pons, Estelle, Popesso, Paola, Power, Chris, Pragt, Johan, Pramskiy, Alexander, Pryer, Dan, Quattri, Marco, Queiroz, Anna Barbara De Andrade, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rahurkar, Swara, Raichoor, Anand, Ramstedt, Sofia, Rau, Arne, Recio-Blanco, Alejandra, Reiss, Roland, Renaud, Florent, Revaz, Yves, Rhode, Petra, Richard, Johan, Richter, Amon David, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robotham, Aaron S. G., Roelfsema, Ronald, Romaniello, Martino, Rosario, David, Rothmaier, Florian, Roukema, Boudewijn, Ruchti, Gregory, Rupprecht, Gero, Rybizki, Jan, Ryde, Nils, Saar, Andre, Sadler, Elaine, Sahlén, Martin, Salvato, Mara, Sassolas, Benoit, Saunders, Will, Saviauk, Allar, Sbordone, Luca, Schmidt, Thomas, Schnurr, Olivier, Scholz, Ralf-Dieter, Schwope, Axel, Seifert, Walter, Shanks, Tom, Sheinis, Andrew, Sivov, Tihomir, Skúladóttir, Ása, Smartt, Stephen, Smedley, Scott, Smith, Greg, Smith, Robert, Sorce, Jenny, Spitler, Lee, Starkenburg, Else, Steinmetz, Matthias, Stilz, Ingo, Storm, Jesper, Sullivan, Mark, Sutherland, William, Swann, Elizabeth, Tamone, Amélie, Taylor, Edward N., Teillon, Julien, Tempel, Elmo, Ter Horst, Rik, Thi, Wing-Fai, Tolstoy, Eline, Trager, Scott, Traven, Gregor, Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, Tresse, Laurence, Valentini, Marica, Van De Weygaert, Rien, Van Den Ancker, Mario, Veljanoski, Jovan, Venkatesan, Sudharshan, Wagner, Lukas, Wagner, Karl, Walcher, C. Jakob, Waller, Lew, Walton, Nicholas, Wang, Lingyu, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Worley, C. Clare, Worseck, Gabor, Xiang, Maosheng, Xu, Wenli, Yong, David, Zhao, Cheng, Zheng, Jessica, Zscheyge, Florian, and Zucker, Daniel

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations., Published in The Messenger vol. 175, pp. 3-11, March 2019.

25. ELT-MOS White Paper: Science Overview & Requirements

Author

Evans, Chris, Puech, Mathieu, Barbuy, Beatriz, Bastian, Nate, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Ben, Dunlop, Jim, Flores, Hector, Hammer, Francois, Kaper, Lex, Lemasle, Bertrand, Simon Morris, Pentericci, Laura, Petitjean, Patrick, Schaerer, Daniel, Telles, Eduardo, Welikala, Niraj, and Ziegler, Bodo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The workhorse instruments of the 8-10m class observatories have become their multi-object spectrographs (MOS), providing comprehensive follow-up to both ground-based and space-borne imaging. With the advent of deeper imaging surveys from, e.g., the HST and VISTA, there are a plethora of spectroscopic targets which are already beyond the sensitivity limits of current facilities. This wealth of targets will grow even more rapidly in the coming years, e.g., after the completion of ALMA, the launch of the JWST and Euclid, and the advent of the LSST. Thus, one of the key requirements underlying plans for the next generation of ground-based telescopes, the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), is for even greater sensitivity for optical and infrared spectroscopy. Here we revisit the scientific motivation for a MOS capability on the European ELT, combining updated elements of science cases advanced from the Phase A instrument studies with new science cases which draw on the latest results and discoveries. These science cases address key questions related to galaxy evolution over cosmic time, from studies of resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies out to observations of the most distant galaxies, and are used to identify the top-level requirements on an 'E-ELT/MOS'. We argue that several of the most compelling ELT science cases demand MOS observations, in highly competitive areas of modern astronomy. Recent technical studies have demonstrated that important issues related to e.g. sky subtraction and multi-object AO can be solved, making fast- track development of a MOS instrument feasible. To ensure that ESO retains world leadership in exploring the most distant objects in the Universe, galaxy evolution and stellar populations, we are convinced that a MOS should have high priority in the instrumentation plan for the E-ELT., Comment: White Paper presented at the 'Shaping E-ELT Science & Instrumentation' workshop, Feb. 2013; comments and additional input welcomed

26. The Science Case for Multi-Object Spectroscopy on the European ELT

Author

Evans, Chris, Puech, Mathieu, Afonso, Jose, Almaini, Omar, Amram, Philippe, Aussel, Hervé, Barbuy, Beatriz, Basden, Alistair, Bastian, Nate, Giuseppina Battaglia, Biller, Beth, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bouché, Nicholas, Bunker, Andy, Caffau, Elisabetta, Charlot, Stephane, Cirasuolo, Michele, Clenet, Yann, Combes, Francoise, Conselice, Chris, Contini, Thierry, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Ben, Koter, Alex, Disseau, Karen, Dunlop, Jim, Epinat, Benoît, Fiore, Fabrizio, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferguson, Annette, Flores, Hector, Fontana, Adriano, Fusco, Thierry, Gadotti, Dimitri, Gallazzi, Anna, Gallego, Jesus, Giallongo, Emanuele, Gonçalves, Thiago, Gratadour, Damien, Guenther, Eike, Hammer, Francois, Hill, Vanessa, Huertas-Company, Marc, Ibata, Roridgo, Kaper, Lex, Korn, Andreas, Larsen, Søren, Le Fèvre, Olivier, Lemasle, Bertrand, Maraston, Claudia, Mei, Simona, Mellier, Yannick, Morris, Simon, Östlin, Göran, Paumard, Thibaut, Pello, Roser, Pentericci, Laura, Peroux, Celine, Petitjean, Patrick, Rodrigues, Myriam, Rodríguez-Muñoz, Lucía, Rouan, Daniel, Sana, Hugues, Schaerer, Daniel, Telles, Eduardo, Trager, Scott, Tresse, Laurence, Welikala, Niraj, Zibetti, Stefano, Ziegler, Bodo, Astronomy, and bibliotheque, la.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

This White Paper presents the scientific motivations for a multi-object spectrograph (MOS) on the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). The MOS case draws on all fields of contemporary astronomy, from extra-solar planets, to the study of the halo of the Milky Way and its satellites, and from resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies out to observations of the earliest 'first-light' structures in the partially-reionised Universe. The material presented here results from thorough discussions within the community over the past four years, building on the past competitive studies to agree a common strategy toward realising a MOS capability on the E-ELT. The cases have been distilled to a set of common requirements which will be used to define the MOSAIC instrument, entailing two observational modes ('high multiplex' and 'high definition'). When combined with the unprecedented sensitivity of the E-ELT, MOSAIC will be the world's leading MOS facility. In analysing the requirements we also identify a high-multiplex MOS for the longer-term plans for the E-ELT, with an even greater multiplex (>1000 targets) to enable studies of large-scale structures in the high-redshift Universe. Following the green light for the construction of the E-ELT the MOS community, structured through the MOSAIC consortium, is eager to realise a MOS on the E-ELT as soon as possible. We argue that several of the most compelling cases for ELT science, in highly competitive areas of modern astronomy, demand such a capability. For example, MOS observations in the early stages of E-ELT operations will be essential for follow-up of sources identified by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In particular, multi-object adaptive optics and accurate sky subtraction with fibres have both recently been demonstrated on sky, making fast-track development of MOSAIC feasible., Significantly expanded and updated version of previous ELT-MOS White Paper, so there is some textual overlap with arXiv:1303.0029

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