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Primary aldosteronism is caused by autonomous production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex (due to hyperplasia, adenoma, or carcinoma). It is the cause of most common secondary form of arterial hypertension. The most common causes (90%) of primary aldosteronism are aldosterone producing adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Surgery is the recommended treatment for aldosterone producing adenomas. A 48-year-old woman, known hypertensive, was admitted with severe and refractory hypokalemia, ECG abnormalities and metabolic alkalosis. Serum aldosterone to PRA (plasma renin activity) ratio was high and CT scan of abdomen revealed an adrenal adenoma. She underwent left laparoscopic adrenalectomy and histopathology confirmed the presence of adrenal adenoma. Both hypertension and hypokalemia resolved after surgery. High degree of suspicion is required to recognize this disorder early and to arrange proper diagnostic tests and treatment, to avoid missing curable hypertension

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important dynamic variable of the cardiovascular system, which operates on multiple time scales. In this study, Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis is applied to HRV signals taken from Physiobank to discriminate Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients from healthy young and elderly subjects. The discrimination power of the MSE method is decreased as the amount of the data reduces and the lowest amount of the data at which there is a clear discrimination between CHF and normal subjects is found to be 4000 samples. Further, this method failed to discriminate CHF from healthy elderly subjects. In view of this, the Reduced Data Dualscale Entropy Analysis method is proposed to reduce the data size required (as low as 500 samples) for clearly discriminating the CHF patients from young and elderly subjects with only two scales. Further, an easy to interpret index is derived using this new approach for the diagnosis of CHF. This index shows 100 % accuracy and correlates well with the pathophysiology of heart failure.

In this work, a series of nineteen novel pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-aminoquinoline hybrids were synthesized as potent antimalarial agents by covalently linking the scaffolds of 4-aminoquinoline and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles via an ethyl linker and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Molecular docking was used to test each hybrid's and standard chloroquine's ability to bind to Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (PfLDH), an important enzyme in the parasite's glycolytic pathway. The hybrid compounds had a stronger binding affinity than the standard chloroquine (CQ). The schizontical antimalarial test of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-aminoquinoline hybrid compound shows that all nineteen hybrid compounds were potent with the IC 50 values ranging from 0.0151 to 0.301 μM against the CQ-sensitive 3D7 P. falciparum strain, and were active against the CQ-resistant K1 P. falciparum strain with the IC 50 values ranging from 0.01895 to 2.746 μM. All the tested hybrid compounds were less potent than the standard drug chloroquine dipaspate (CQDP) against the CQ-sensitive 3D7 strain. In contrast, nine of the nineteen hybrids (16d, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16l, 16n, 16o, 16r, and 16s) displayed superior antimalarial activity than the CQDP against the CQ-resistant K1 P. falciparum strain. Among all the tested hybrids, 16c against the 3D7 strain and 16h against the K1 strain were the most promising antimalarial agents with 0.0151 and 0.01895 μM of IC 50 values, respectively. In addition, the compounds were selective, showing moderate to low cytotoxic activity against a human normal liver WRL68 cell line. The synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-aminoquinoline hybrids introduces new chemical entities that have the potential to exhibit potent antimalarial activity. It could address the ongoing challenge of drug resistance in malaria treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A pyrrolidine-mediated Knoevenagel-type reaction for highly stereoselective construction of novel α-halo-1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides was achieved in up to 100% Z -selectivity and high yields at room temperature from condensation of the readily available aldehydes and halomethanesulfonyl fluorides. This protocol provided a class of unique α-halo-1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides with wide scope and excellent functional group compatibility. The α-halo-1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides were used as versatile building blocks in sulfur fluoride exchange click chemistry, Suzuki reaction, and Sonogashira reaction for the assembly of highly functionalized dienyl sulfonyl fluoride derivatives to be applied as covalent warheads for the discovery of new drugs.

Malaria remains a serious worldwide health danger and massive economic trouble to disease-endemic nations. Presently, 250 million of malarial cases are expected worldwide. The emergence of fighting of the Plasmodium parasite against the first-line antimalarial drugs has fueled research attention in the way of designing new scaffolds as well as strategies to counter the drug resistance. Chalcones are simple and well-known analogs, which were found in a huge number of natural compounds and also been prepared according to their suitable synthetic approaches. This review illustrates the current progresses on structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of diverse types of chalcone derivatives that play a significant role for the development of novel safe, less toxic and highly active antimalarials. This present mini-review will be useful to scientists in research fields of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, and also various biological applications particularly for the development of novel antiplasmodial and antimalarial agents., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A catalyst-free novel and efficient methodology for the challenging synthesis of benzo-oxetes from 2'-hydroxyacetophenones mediated by sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2 ) gas has been realized. The combination of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones and SO 2 F 2 furnishes synthetically challenging benzo-oxetanes in moderate to excellent yields. The highlight of this work is the design and synthesis of strained four-membered oxete rings.