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Este documento é baseado na revisão de práticas participativas para a zona costeira e marinha brasileira. Desde a Constituição Nacional de 1988, instrumentos e políticas públicas foram desenvolvidos para fomentar a participação social na gestão costeira e marinha. Novos atores, iniciativas, práticas e redes de colaboração abriram caminhos para o engajamento social. Os processos participativos das últimas décadas evidenciam conquistas e desafios. No entanto, à medida que o novo milênio avança, uma frágil infraestrutura institucional ameaça a participação na gestão, em particular o envolvimento de atores com menos recursos e poder que, em última instância, arcam com os custos de uma gestão costeira impositiva (top-down). Aqui, nós apresentamos os principais resultados de uma colaboração entre pesquisadores brasileiros e alemães que revisou e analisou práticas participativas de gestão e seus desdobramentos. Como a gestão costeira e marinha no Brasil evoluiu com relação à inclusão das populações mais vulneráveis, em especial dos usuários diretos dos recursos naturais? Com base na análise de um conjunto de informações de diferentes projetos e reunindo a experiência dos autores, nós oferecemos recomendações a tomadores de decisão brasileiros, do nível local ao nível nacional, e a outros atores nacionais e institucionais (como Agências da ONU, doadores, movimentos sociais). Com base na experiência brasileira, nossas recomendações também são relevantes para outros contextos de descentralização da gestão costeira e marinha.

The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic threats. The current knowledge on the spatial distribution of the freshwater fish species is greatly deficient in this basin, preventing a comprehensive understanding of this hyper-diverse ecosystem as a whole. Filling this gap was the priority of a transnational collaborative project, i.e. the AmazonFish project - . Relying on the outputs of this project, we provide the most complete fish species distribution records covering the whole Amazon drainage. The database, including 2,406 validated freshwater native fish species, 232,936 georeferenced records, results from an extensive survey of species distribution including 590 different sources (e.g. published articles, grey literature, online biodiversity databases and scientific collections from museums and universities worldwide) and field expeditions conducted during the project. This database, delivered at both georeferenced localities (21,500 localities) and sub-drainages grains (144 units), represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater fish biodiversity, biogeography and conservation.

This police brief reviews participatory practices and their outcomes in the Brazilian coastal zone. Since the 1988 Brazilian National Constitution came into force, a number of instruments and policies were developed to foster social participation in coastal management. New actors, initiatives, practices and networks have opened up alternative pathways for social engagement. From the many examples of participatory processes in the last decades, we can learn about achievements and challenges. As the new millennium advances, a fragile institutional infrastructure hampers established participatory processes, and in particular the involvement of the poorest stakeholders, who ultimately bear the costs of most top-down coastal management decisions. Here, we present the main findings of a collaborative study of Brazilian and German partners that reviews and analyses participatory practices and their outcomes in the Brazilian coastal zone. How has Brazilian coastal and management evolved in terms of including vulnerable populations, in particular direct ecosystem users? Based on the analysis of large sets of data raised in several projects and bringing together the extensive experience of our co-authors, we offer recommendations for decision-makers from local to national level in Brazil and for other national and international actors (UN Agencies, donors, social-environmental movements). Based on the Brazilian experience, our recommendations are also of relevance in other contexts of decentralising coastal and coastal management.

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Studies about fish assemblages in Brazilian streams have grown in recent years, however, it remains unclear whether this increase is followed by increments in the diversity of addressed topics and theoretical frameworks adopted by researchers. We performed a systematic search for Brazilian studies on stream fish assemblages recording study region, publication year, objectives, and spatial and temporal scales adopted. The number of studies is unevenly distributed among regions. Most papers describe the general structure of local fish assemblages and their scientific objectives have not varied through time. Studies have been conducted mainly at small temporal and spatial scales, though the latter is increasing over time. We argue for the need of focusing on recently developed ecological theories and frameworks, and expanding the temporal and spatial scales of studies. These changes will improve regional and local conservation policies, and the visibility of aquatic Brazilian research in the global scientific community.

Or processos de aprendizagem, em especial nas organizações, têm assumido cada vez maior importância em função da rapidez das mudanças pelas quais passam as sociedades. As empresas, para manterem-se competitivas nesse ambiente dinâmico e instável, investem muitos recursos na capacitação e atualização de seu corpo técnico. Para que uma empresa alcance os resultados esperados, a capacitação de seus empregados deve estar alinhada aos objetivos estratégicos da empresa. Este trabalho procurou investigar, dentro da Embrapa, quais ações de educação corporativa devem ser priorizadas visando ao alcance dos resultados dessa Organização. Tais ações foram investigadas tomando-se como base os cargos existentes na Empresa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com a alta administração da Embrapa e analisados pela metodologia da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que para o aperfeiçoamento dos Pesquisadores deve ser priorizado o pós-doutorado. Já os Analistas e Assistentes devem desenvolver-se por meio de capacitações técnicas em suas áreas de atuação. Os empregados em função gerencial precisam de um plano de capacitação continuada em gestão, principalmente os gestores em potencial. Percebeu-se que apesar de as ações de educação corporativa realizadas na Embrapa estarem alinhadas às diretrizes do Departamento de Gestão de Pessoas, os discursos evidenciaram a necessidade em fazer um ajuste nesse alinhamento de forma a preencher as lacunas existentes. Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-07T00:41:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCCRosanaLdeSDLeitaoturma9.pdf: 1060289 bytes, checksum: a30bb5e73bfb454f3ac44e091f4517a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-15 Monografia (Especialização-MBA em Gestão de Pessoas) - FGV Management, Brasília, DF.

This PhD thesis presents results and discussions to elucidate the matters of performance and robustness of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors for the treatment of municipal wastewater in tropical countries. The research focuses on the main operational parameters (hydraulic retention time -HRT, influent COD concentration - COD Inf , organic loading rate - OLR, and sludge retention time - SRT) that affect the UASB loading potentials and its performance in "steady state" conditions, and on the response of the system when submitted to transient conditions.The experimental investigation was performed using 11 pilot-scale UASB reactors (120 L) which were organised into three sets: Set 1, five reactors were operated with the same hydraulic retention time (HRT = 6 h) and different COD Inf , ranging from 92 to 816 mg/L. Set 2, four reactors were operated with approximately the same COD Inf (~800 mg/L), but with different HRTs, ranging from 1 to 6 hours. Set 3, the HRTs were identical to the second phase but the COD Inf was adapted to have approximately the same OLR in the four reactors (~3.3 kgCOD/m 3 .day).In the first experimental part of the research, data was collected in order to evaluate the "steady state" performance and robustness of UASB reactors on the basis of COD removal efficiency, effluent variability, and pH stability. After the "steady state" condition was achieved, the sludge of each reactor was tested in terms of Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA), biodegradability, settleability and, expansibility. In the second part of the experimental research, the robustness and stability of the system were evaluated under hydraulic and organic shock loads. Four indicators were defined for that purpose: COD removal efficiency, effluent variability, pH stability, and recovery time.Under "steady state" conditions, UASB reactors can treat sewage with COD as low as 200 mg/L, and HRT as low as 2 h, but the maximum efficiency is achieved with an HRT longer than 4h, and COD Inf higher than 300 mg/L. Effluent variability is highly dependent on the influent variability, showing that the reactors do not attenuate the daily fluctuation of the COD Inf . UASB reactors treating sewage in tropical countries are extremely stable with regards to pH and buffer capacity. With regards to the biological properties of the sludge, the reactors operated with a short HRT produce sludge with a high SMA. Moreover, sludge of reactors operated with a long HRT and with a low COD Inf resulted in low biodegradability. With respect to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sludge, reactors operated with a high COD Inf and/or a short HRT produced sludges with high settleability and low expansibility. Results show that it is useless to design a UASB reactor with a longer HRT to cope with organic or hydraulic shock loads.Under shock load conditions the reactors resulted in COD removal efficiencies in the same range as during "steady state" conditions. The effluent COD fluctuates in the same range of the COD Inf variation, showing that the reactors are unable to attenuate strong variation in the OLR. The recovery time from a shock load is always very short, as the reactors needed less than 18 hours after the shock ceased to resume performance. The reactors showed signals that they would acidify if the organic shock load continued. However, hydraulic shock loads barely affected the pH stability of the reactors.Finally, the results obtained during this study showed that this kind of reactor is very robust with regards to the COD removal efficiency, as it keeps its maximum performance, in either "steady state" or transient conditions. Regarding to the pH stability, the UASB reactors also demonstrated extraordinary robustness, even when they are operated under extreme operational situations, which rarely occur in municipal wastewater treatment plants. When a shock load is imposed they need a very short time to recover. However, the UASB reactors are not robust with regard to effluent variability. Regarding this matter, the robustness of the reactors can be improved with the implementation of a secondary settler.

Resistance to carbapenems is emerging, and it is a great problem to therapeutics. Three isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Portuguese hospital identified in urine and sputum, in 1995, presented a high-level resistance to imipenem (32 mg/L). Afterward, one isolate of P. aeruginosa recovered from urine of an ambulatory patient in 1998 showed high resistance to imipenem. and meropenem. The resistance to carbapenems in these strains was associated with the production of a class B beta-lactamase, as was demonstrated by imipenem hydrolysis and inhibition by EDTA. Using primers described for bla(IMP) and bla(VIM) the amplification of the latter was observed in all isolates and a VIM-2 metallo-enzyme was identified. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of these isolates were indistinguishable, suggesting dissemination to the community of this VIM-2 producer.

Acinetobacter baumannii 65FFC, an imipenem-resistant clinical strain, isolated from the urine of a patient at the Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal, in 1998, produced a metallo-beta-lactamase with a calculated pI 9.3. The isolate was highly resistant to penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, including ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefpirome, and to aztreonam, but it remained susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Nucleotide sequence revealed a new allelic variant of other bla(IMP) genes, named bla(IMP-5). IMP-5 beta-lactamase showed a greater homology with IMP-1, IMP-3 and IMP-4 (identified in Southeast Asia), than with IMP-2, found in Italy (93%, 92%, 91% and 87% of amino acid identity, respectively). bla(IMP-5) was the only gene cassette inserted into a class I integron, named In76. This is the first IMP-enzyme reported in Portugal and the second in Europe, indicating a wider dissemination in the environment of bla(IMP) alleles. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-13T02:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_13201_104- Anna Paula Bôa da Silva.pdf: 3025673 bytes, checksum: 6152e95030ff61d1a9926b8210266eb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-05-09 Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de investigar a dieta de variadas espécies de peixes em diferentes ambientes na bacia do rio Itaúnas, visando melhorar a compreensão de suas interações ecológicas no contexto do ecossistema. A bacia do rio Itaúnas encontra-se inserida no bioma Mata Atlântica, possuindo uma superfície de aproximadamente 4.480 km2, sendo 4.360 km2 no estado do Espírito Santo e 120 km2 no estado da Bahia. A área de estudo é constituída de 10 pontos ao longo da bacia do rio Itaúnas situados nos municípios de Conceição da Barra, Pedro Canário e divisa entre Pinheiros e Montanha. As coletas foram realizadas por capturas intensivas e generalizadas, no período entre Julho de 2017 e Fevereiro de 2018. Os petrechos utilizados nas amostragens foram peneiras e redes de arrasto. A qualidade ambiental foi interpretada através do Índice de Integridade do Hábitat (IIH). Foram coletados 1.742 exemplares de peixes, distribuídos em 4 ordens, 11 famílias, 19 gêneros e 21 espécies. A dieta das espécies selecionadas foi realizada através de índices alimentares, complementados por análises de diversidade, uniformidade, índice de repleção estomacal, fator de condição e similaridade. Foram analisados 809 estômagos, resultando em 60 itens alimentares identificados para todas as espécies e ambientes estudados, com maior expressividade para os itens autóctones. A dieta da ictiofauna dessa bacia é sustentada principalmente pelos insetos aquáticos, disponíveis em grande quantidade no ambiente, o que ressalta a importância da integridade da vegetação ripária como sendo a principal fornecedora de recursos para a sustentação da biota aquática. A bacia do rio Itaúnas se encontra com alto índice de degradação, principalmente pelo desmatamento, acarretando o empobrecimento da diversidade de peixes, que como observado no estudo, algumas espécies mais exigentes e que consomem itens mais específicos de ambientes melhores, tais como itens alóctones e de corredeiras, acabam ficando restritas aos ambientes mais preservados que ainda apresentam possibilidade de ofertar tais itens.