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Meniscus tears are a common orthopedic pathology and planning a single, effective treatment is challenging. The diagnosis of meniscal tears requires detailed history-taking, physical examinations, special diagnostic tests, and most likely magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the lesion. A good understanding of the meniscal structure including vascularity, zones, function, and affected movements with associated symptoms plays a crucial role in establishing an optimal management plan. A careful assessment of the patient's characteristics, comorbidities, post-repair rehabilitation, and patient's overall function and satisfaction are also important for ideal management. While conservative management is commonly implemented and the only option for certain patients, partial meniscectomy remains to be the most performed treatment procedure. However, partial meniscectomy is no longer the first-line therapy due to the limitation of certain patient characteristics and side effects in the long run. Instead, meniscal repair has been shown to have better long-term outcomes and is therefore recommended for all tears, especially for young patients with acute traumatic lesions. Tissue engineering has been of high interest in the current research with promising therapeutic results. This review critically evaluates and compares the management of meniscal tears with surgical versus comprehensive management using the current literature., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Luvsannyam et al.)

Aortic dissection (AD) is a serious condition, which typically affects men more than women. Strongly established risk factors include uncontrolled hypertension, connective tissue disorders, advanced age, cocaine use, and aortic injury. We believe it's important to report this case due to the occurrence of Stanford type A AD in a healthy 40-year-old male devoid of genetic, medical, family, and environmental risk factors. This patient presented with a tearing anterior chest pain radiating to the back and was promptly diagnosed and managed with surgical replacement and grafting of the diseased aorta and its involved branches. Therefore, it is imperative to include AD as a differential in atypical case scenarios and case presentations, as missed and delayed diagnosis and management would worsen the clinical outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Jain et al.)

Understanding abscission is both a biological and an agronomic challenge. Flower abscission induced independently by shade and gibberellic acid (GAc) sprays was monitored in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growing under a soilless greenhouse system during two seasonal growing conditions, in an early and late production cycle. Physiological and metabolic changes triggered by each of the two distinct stimuli were determined. Environmental conditions exerted a significant effect on fruit set as showed by the higher natural drop rate recorded in the late production cycle with respect to the early cycle. Shade and GAc treatments increased the percentage of flower drop compared to the control, and at a similar degree, during the late production cycle. The reduction of leaf gas exchanges under shade conditions was not observed in GAc treated vines. The metabolic profile assessed in samples collected during the late cycle differently affected primary and secondary metabolisms and showed that most of the treatment-resulting variations occurred in opposite trends in inflorescences unbalanced in either hormonal or energy deficit abscission-inducing signals. Particularly concerning carbohydrates metabolism, sucrose, glucose, tricarboxylic acid metabolites and intermediates of the raffinose family oligosaccharides pathway were lower in shaded and higher in GAc samples. Altered oxidative stress remediation mechanisms and indolacetic acid (IAA) concentration were identified as abscission signatures common to both stimuli. According to the global analysis performed, we report that grape flower abscission mechanisms triggered by GAc application and C-starvation are not based on the same metabolic pathways.