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Abstract Unsupervised anomaly detection, often approached as a one‐class classification problem, is a critical task in computer vision. Knowledge distillation has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing anomaly detection accuracy, especially with the advent of reverse distillation networks that employ encoder–decoder architectures. This study introduces a novel reverse knowledge distillation framework known as RDMS, which incorporates a pretrained teacher encoding module, a multi‐level feature fusion connection module, and a student decoding module consisting of three independent decoders. RDMS is designed to distill distinct features from the teacher encoder, mitigating overfitting issues associated with similar or identical teacher–student structures. The model achieves an average of 99.3% image‐level AUROC and 98.34% pixel‐level AUROC on the MVTec‐AD dataset and demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance on the more challenging BTAD dataset. The RDMS model's high accuracy in anomaly detection and localization underscores the potential of multi‐student reverse distillation to advance unsupervised anomaly detection capabilities. The source code is available at https://github.com/zihengchen777/RDMS

PURPOSE: When performing thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) on lesions of the aortic arch, physician-modified fenestration or in situ fenestration is often used to maintain patent branches. We designed a new adjustable prefenestration aortic stent graft that can both isolate pathologies in the aortic arch and obtain patent branches simultaneously. In this study, we use this new type of stent to perform fenestrated TEVAR in a canine’s aorta. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the new device, which may provide preliminary data for potential human application. METHODS: Eight Labrador Retriever canines underwent fenestrated TEVAR using the new stent device. Digital subtract angiography (DSA) was performed before and after fenestrated TEVAR to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the procedure. For the device deployment, at the “large curvature” side in the endograft, there is a rectangular prefenestration area (2 × 5 cm) without the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and at both longer side edges of the fenestration, there are two slide rails. A moveable membrane that covers the same area as the prefenestration area is initially set at the prefenestration position. A stay line is connected from the distal site of the moveable membrane that controls it to the distal position along the slide rail, which releases the fenestration. After the positioning of the prefenestration is determined, the outer sheath of the delivery system is released, and the stay line at the end of the delivery system is pulled outside the body. The animals were divided into a 1-month group (n = 4) and a 3-month group (n = 4) after the fenestrated TEVAR. Computed tomography (CT) was performed before euthanasia, and video of the DSA during the procedures and CT angiography (CTA) images were then studied. RESULTS: The procedure success rate was 100%, but the total survival rate was only 87.5%. There were no aortic-related deaths during follow-up, and during the operation, there were no stent-graft-related accidents. In addition, no stent-graft migrations were observed in the CTA, and all branch arteries were kept patent by the adjustable fenestration. Finally, histological examination and electron microscope results showed no obvious vascular injury or inflammation. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we judge the safety and feasibility of the use of the newly designed adjustable prefenestration aortic stent graft in a fenestrated-TEVAR canine model to be acceptable. Our preliminary data may serve as an initial reference for evaluating the potential application of the new stent in humans.

Abstract Using e + e − collision data collected by the BESIII detector at BEPCII corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30 fb −1, we measure Born cross sections and effective form factors for the process e + e − → Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ at forty-five center-of-mass energies between 3.51 and 4.95 GeV. The dressed cross section is fitted, assuming a power-law function plus a charmonium(-like) state, i.e., ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), ψ(4230), ψ(4360), ψ(4415) or ψ(4660). No significant charmonium(-like) state decaying into Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ is observed. Upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product of the branching fraction and the electronic partial width are provided for each decay. In addition, ratios of the Born cross sections and the effective form factors for e + e − → Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ and e + e − → Ξ − Ξ ¯ + $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+} $$ are also presented to test isospin symmetry and the vector meson dominance model.

Abstract Objective To study the clinical effectiveness of visual laryngoscopy combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation in thoracic surgery patients with predicted difficult airways in thoracic surgery airways. Methods We randomly divided 162 patients with predicted difficult airways who required double-lumen tracheal intubation for thoracic surgery and randomly divided them into the video laryngoscopy group (Group VL, n = 54),fiberoptic bronchoscopy group (Group F, n = 54), and video laryngoscopy combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy group (Group FVL, n = 54) according to the randomized number table method. Then, the success rate of the first intubation, the duration of intubation, the duration of positioning, the degree of exposure of the vocal cords (Cormack-Lehane grade), and the adverse reactions during intubation were recorded and analyzed. Results The success rate of first-time intubation was significantly higher in the FVL group than in the F and VL groups (92.6% vs. 87.0% vs. 53.7%, P

Abstract Revealing the spatial distribution and regional differences of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) reference values in the healthy Chinese population is important for the monitoring, diagnosis and prevention of the top chronic diseases in the disease spectrum in China. Medical indicator data were matched with geographical data and environmental pollution data to predict RDW reference values for the whole region of China using ridge regression analysis, support vector machine and BP neural network. Taylor diagrams and assignment methods were used to select the optimal model, and the spatial distribution was mapped according to the prediction results of the optimal model, and the intervals of RDW reference values for different age groups of healthy people in China were redefined. It was suggested that the reference values of RDW in the young and middle-aged groups in China were divided into low-value areas in the north (12.31,12.80) and high-value areas in the south (12.80,13.18); the reference values of RDW in the elderly group were divided into low-value areas in the north (11.28,12.60) and high-value areas in the south (12.60,13.91).In turn, it can provide a more accurate reference basis in the monitoring, diagnosis and prevention of chronic diseases at the top of the disease spectrum.

Abstract Predicting the backbone torsion angles corresponding to each residue of a protein from its amino acid sequence alone is a challenging problem in computational biology. Existing torsion angle predictors mainly use profile features, which are generated by performing time-consuming multiple sequence alignments, for torsion angle prediction. Compared with traditional profile features, embedding features from pretrained protein language models have significant advantages in prediction performance and computational speed. However, embedding features usually have higher dimensions and different embedding features have significantly different dimensions. To this end, we design a novel parameter-efficient deep torsion angle predictor, PHAngle, specifically for embedding features. PHAngle is a parameterized hypercomplex convolutional network consisting of parameterized hypercomplex linear and convolutional layers whose weight parameters can be characterized as the sum of Kronecker products. Experimental results on six benchmark test sets including TEST2016, TEST2018, TEST2020_HQ, CASP12, CASP13 and CASP-FM demonstrate that PHAngle achieves the state-of-the-art torsion angle performance with the fewest parameters compared to the nine existing methods. The source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/fengtuan/PHAngle .

Abstract Background The Rome IV criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD) has strict requirements for symptom frequency and onset duration, making it difficult for patients to meet these criteria in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of relaxing the Rome IV criteria on the diagnosis and symptom pattern of FD. Methods A cross-sectional, multi-center study was conducted involving 2935 consecutive broadly defined FD patients without positive findings on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or routine examinations. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and upper gastrointestinal symptom data. Symptom pattern was compared between Rome IV criteria defined FD patients and those defined by relaxed Rome IV criteria. Results Only 22.2% of broadly defined FD patients rigorously fulfilled Rome IV criteria. No significant difference was found for proportion of patients with dyspeptic symptoms, dysmotility-like symptoms, reflux-like symptoms, as well as severity and onset frequency of dyspeptic symptoms (all P > 0.05), between patients who didn’t fulfill Rome IV criteria for FD solely due to a duration of 3–6 months and Rome IV criteria defined FD patients. Patients with broadly defined postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) who didn’t fulfill Rome IV criteria solely due to a symptom frequency of 1–2 days per week had significantly lower symptom severity (P

Abstract We present two rare cases of p67phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the NCF2 gene. They developed cervical lymphadenitis as the initial manifestation of CGD but had distinct clinical progressions. Patient 1 presented with aspergillous meningitis, an extremely rare manifestation of neurological involvement in CGD, which has not been reported before. Patient 2 presented with non-infectious inflammatory lymphadenitis is also very rare and has not been reported previously. These cases emphasize the importance of considering p67phox-deficient CGD in children with late-onset invasive fungal infections and non-infectious inflammatory lesions. Additionally, we also reviewed previous reports of Chinese patients with P67phox-Deficient CGD. Our objective is to raise awareness about the clinical, diagnostic, and genetic characteristics of P67phox-deficient CGD in China, to reduce misdiagnosis and improve the management and prognosis of the disease.

Abstract Pulsed polarized vortex beams, a special form of structured light, are generated by tailoring the light beam spatiotemporally and witness the growing application demands in nonlinear optics such as ultrafast laser processing and surface plasma excitation. However, existing techniques for generating polarized vortex beams suffer from either low compactness due to the use of bulky components or limited controlment of pulse performance. Here, an all-fiber technique combining plasmonic metafibers with mode conversion method is harnessed to generate high-performance pulsed polarized vortex beams. Plasmonic metafibers are utilized as saturable absorbers to produce Q-switched pulses with micro-second duration, while the offset splicing method is employed to partially convert the fundamental transverse mode (LP $$_{01}$$ 01 ) to higher-order mode (LP $$_{11}$$ 11 ). Eventually, a polarized vortex beams laser is achieved at the telecom band with a repetition frequency of 116.0 kHz. The impact of geometrical parameters including period of metafibers and offset of splicing on the spatiotemporal properties of pulsed polarized vortex beams is systematically investigated. Our findings could pave the way for design, control and generation of all-fiber pulsed polarized vortex beams, and also offer insights into the development of other types of structured laser sources.

Chronic lateral epicondylitis (LE), normally known as tennis elbow, is often managed by conservative treatments. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and local corticosteroid injection (LCI) are among the most commonly used conservative treatments. However, the comparison between these two interventions remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ESWT and LCI for chronic LE. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies until April 20, 2024. Meta‐analyses were conducted using Manager V.5.4.1. Pooled effect sizes were expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Compared with LCI, ESWT had inferior change in visual analogue scale (Δ VAS) (WMD, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.48; I2 = 20%; p

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the accuracies and efficiencies of dual-layer spectral computed tomography (CT), quantitative CT (QCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in diagnosing osteoporosis. Methods: From January to October, 2023, 30 outpatients, including 15 males (age (56.6±8.31) years old) and 15 females (age (65.13±7.16) years old), at the spine surgery department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent bilayer spectral CT, QCT, and DXA of the lumbar spine. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) values for the L1~L3 vertebral bodies and areal BMD values were measured using DXA. Based on the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis using lumbar spine QCT and DXA, the study participants were divided into three groups: normal bone mass, abnormal/low bone mass, and osteoporosis groups. Accuracies of dual-energy spectral CT, QCT, and DXA for BMD measurements to diagnose osteoporosis were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity of dual-energy spectral CT to measure volumetric BMD values for osteoporosis diagnosis were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: A strong correlation was observed among the average BMD values for L1~L3 measured using all three methods (0.751~0.971). Accuracies of osteoporosis diagnosis using dual-energy spectral CT, QCT, and DXA were 66.7% (10/15), 53.3% (8/15), and 40% (6/15), respectively, in males and 93.3% (14/15), 86.7% (13/15), and 60% (9/15), respectively, in females, with statistically significant differences. Dual-energy spectral CT showed area under the curve values of 0.995 (sensitivity: 88.9%; specificity: 90.5%) and 0.784 (sensitivity: 60%; specificity: 93.3%) with QCT and DXA as reference standards, respectively, for osteoporosis diagnosis. Conclusion: Volumetric BMD values measured using dual-energy spectral CT were comparable to those measured using QCT for osteoporosis diagnosis, and both outperformed DXA in terms of diagnostic efficiency.

Objective: It was elucidated the anti-inflammatory active components and their mechanisms of action in the fruits of Diospyros lotus. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents of Diospyros lotus fruits, and combined with network pharmacology to explore the potential anti-inflammatory active components and their mechanisms of action, and validated the results by molecular docking. Results: A total of 26 flavonoid compounds, including 10 myricetin derivatives, 7 quercetin derivatives, 4 kaempferol derivatives, 2 apigenin derivatives, and 3 other flavonoid compounds, were identified from extract of D. lotus fruits based on molecular ion peaks and mass spectrometry cleavage characteristics in negative ion mode, among which 12 compounds were reported for the first time in the fruits. Network pharmacological analysis showed that compounds myricetin 3-sambubioside, myricetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside), morin, myricetin 3-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin and kaempferol had potential anti-inflammatory activities and exerted anti-inflammatory effects mainly related to PI3K-Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and cancer signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active components stably docked with the key targets, and the results were consistent with the network pharmacological predictions. Conclusion: Flavonoids in D. lotus extracts have potential anti-inflammatory effects and are useful as adjunctive preventive agents in inflammatory diseases.

The relentless rise in heart disease incidence, a leading global cause of death, presents a significant public health challenge. Precise prediction of heart disease risk and early interventions are crucial. This study investigates the performance improvement of heart disease prediction models using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Initially, we utilized the Heart Failure Prediction Dataset from Kaggle. After preprocessing to ensure data quality, three distinct feature engineering techniques were applied: PCA for dimensionality reduction, ET for feature selection, and Pearson's correlation coefficient for feature selection. We assessed their impact on model performance. The dataset was then partitioned into three different data split ratios—1:9, 2:8, and 3:7—to determine their specific effects on model performance. Twelve machine learning classifiers—LGBM, Adaboost, XGB, RF, DT, KNN, LR, GNB, ET, SVC, GB, and Bagging—were trained and evaluated based on five key metrics: accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and training time. The influence of different feature engineering methods and data partitioning ratios on model performance were systematically analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Among the feature engineering methods compared, the Bagging classifier, when combined with feature selection via ET, exhibited superior performance. It achieved an accuracy of 97.48 % and an F1-Score of 97.48 % with a data split ratio of 1:9 between the test and training sets. With a 2:8 split, the accuracy was 94.96 % and the F1-Score was 94.95 %. For a 3:7 split, the accuracy was 94.12 % and the F1-Score was 94.11 %. Paired sample T-test results indicate that feature selection using Pearson correlation coefficient can shorten training duration, but this also leads to a decline in classifier performance. After applying PCA dimensionality reduction, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the training efficiency and efficacy of the classifier. However, feature selection through ET significantly reduced the training time for various classifiers while ensuring their performance.

The millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communication with the advantages of abundant bandwidth and immunity to interference has been deemed a promising technology to greatly improve network capacity. However, due to such characteristics of mmWave, as short transmission distance, high sensitivity to the blockage, and large propagation path loss, handover issues (including trigger condition and target beam selection) become much complicated. In this paper, we design a novel handover scheme to optimize the overall system throughput as well as the total system delay while guaranteeing the Quality of Service (QoS) of each User Equipment (UE). Specifically, the proposed handover scheme called O-MAPPO integrates the Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm and optimization theory. The RL algorithm known as Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) plays a role in determining handover trigger conditions. Further, we propose an optimization problem in conjunction with MAPPO to select the target base station. The aim is to evaluate and optimize the system performance of total throughput and delay while guaranteeing the QoS of each UE after the handover decision is made. The numerical results show the overall system throughput and delay with our method are slightly worse than that with the exhaustive search method but much better than that using another typical RL algorithm Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG).

Abstract The branching fraction of D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ is measured for the first time using 7.93 fb −1 of e + e − annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energy s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, and is determined to be B D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e = 0.881 ± 0.017 stat . ± 0.016 syst . % $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(0.881\pm {0.017}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.016}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ . Based on an analysis of the D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ decay dynamics, we observe the S-wave and P-wave components with fractions of f S-wave = (6.13 ± 0.27stat. ± 0.30syst. )% and f K ¯ ∗ 892 0 = 93.88 ± 0.27 stat . ± 0.29 syst . % $$ {f}_{{\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0}=\left(93.88\pm {0.27}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.29}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ , respectively. From these results, we obtain the branching fractions B D + → K S 0 π 0 S − wave e + ν e = 5.41 ± 0.35 stat . ± 0.37 syst . × 10 − 4 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\left({K}_S^0{\pi}^0\right)}_{S-\textrm{wave}}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(5.41\pm {0.35}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.37}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ and B D + → K ¯ ∗ 892 0 e + ν e = 4.97 ± 0.11 stat . ± 0.12 syst . % $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(4.97\pm {0.11}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.12}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ . In addition, the hadronic form-factor ratios of D + → K ¯ ∗ 892 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ at q 2 = 0, assuming a single-pole dominance parameterization, are determined to be r V = V 0 A 1 0 = 1.43 ± 0.07 stat . ± 0.03 syst . $$ {r}_V=\frac{V(0)}{A_1(0)}=1.43\pm {0.07}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.03}_{\textrm{syst}.} $$ and r 2 = A 2 0 A 1 0 = 0.72 ± 0.06 stat . ± 0.02 syst . $$ {r}_2=\frac{A_2(0)}{A_1(0)}=0.72\pm {0.06}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.02}_{\textrm{syst}.} $$ .

Abstract Based on the advantages of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous structures, extensive research on NiTi shape memory alloy TPMS scaffolds has been conducted. However, the current reports about TPMS porous structures highly rely on the implicit equation, which limited the design flexibility. In this work, novel shell-based TPMS structures were designed and fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. The comparisons of manufacturability, mechanical properties, and shape recovery responses between traditional solid-based and novel shell-based TPMS structures were evaluated. Results indicated that the shell-based TPMS porous structures possessed larger Young’s moduli and higher compressive strengths. Specifically, Diamond shell structure possessed the highest Young’s moduli of 605.8±24.5 MPa, while Gyroid shell structure possessed the highest compressive strength of 43.90±3.32 MPa. In addition, because of the larger specific surface area, higher critical stress to induce martensite transformation, and lower austenite finish temperature, the Diamond shell porous structure exhibited much higher shape recovery performance (only 0.1% residual strain left at pre-strains of 6%) than other porous structures. These results substantially uncover the effects of structural topology on the mechanical properties and shape recovery responses of NiTi shape memory alloy scaffolds, and confirm the effectiveness of this novel structural design method. This research can provide guidance for the structural design application of NiTi porous scaffolds in bone implants.

Abstract Study of the interaction between fault activation and mining stress evolution in the longwall working face is helpful to provide a targeted area for fault type heavy mine pressure disaster control. Combining theoretical analysis, physical and numerical simulation, the mechanical mechanism of fault activation is analyzed, the interaction law between mining stress and fault activation is studied, and the influence of fault dip angle on the evolution of fault activation and mining stress is discussed. The minimum critical dip angles α of normal and reverse fault activation are π/4 + φ/2 and π/4-φ/2, respectively. During the mining process, the activation position of the fault surface, the peak values of stress and displacement gradually increase and transfer from the high position of the fault to the low position, and the peak value of the advance abutment pressure reaches the maximum at the fault. The advancing distance of the working face required for fault activation gradually decreases with the decrease of the fault dip angle, and the peak elevation area of the working face gradually increases with the decrease of the fault dip angle. Combined with the on-site microseismic monitoring results, it can be seen that when the working face is about 20 m away from the fault, the stress and energy increase sharply, which is the main control area of the impact disaster.

Abstract To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miR-126 in unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). We used bioinformatics to analyse miRNAs specifically expressed in UUO. The mouse model of UUO was established using RAW264.7 cells cultured in vitro and in vivo. The mice were divided into control group, miR-126-NC (negative control) group and miR-126-KD (knockdown) group. Then the relative expression of miR-126 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the renal fibrosis was detected by Masson staining, and the protein expression of CD68, collagen I and collagen III in the kidney was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Immunohistochemistry detects α-SMA expression. Moreover, Western blotting was performed to measure the expressions of p-PI3K, CD163, CD206, CD86, iNOS, IL-1β, p-FAK, p-Rac-1, p-IRS-1 and MMP9. The relative fluorescence intensity of F-actin and p-FAK was detected by immunofluorescence assay, and the phagocytosis ability of macrophages was determined by phagocytosis assay with fluorescent microspheres. Bioinformatics analysis reveals miR-126-specific overexpression in UUO. Successful transfection of miR-126-NC and miR-126-KD was confirmed by RT-PCR. The selective reduction of miR-126 was validated by Masson, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to decrease the area of UUO-induced renal fibrosis and to lower the expression of CD68, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. The reduction of iNOS expression may also be achieved with selective knockdown of miR-126, as verified by cell tests. enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and the expression of p-PI3K, CD206, p-FAK, F-actin, p-Rac-1, p-IRS-1 and MMP9. MiR-126 can inhibit the PI3K signaling pathway, promote M1 macrophage polarization, and suppress the activation of FAK and Rac-1, thus accelerating the progression of UUO.

Abstract Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is vital in the cytosolic DNA-sensing process and critical for initiating the innate immune response, which has important functions in host defense and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZC3HAV1) specifically binds the CpG dinucleotides in the viral RNAs of multiple viruses and promotes their degradation. ZAPS (ZC3HAV1 short isoform) is a potent stimulator of retinoid acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling during the antiviral response. However, how ZC3HAV1 controls STING signaling is unclear. Here, we show that ZC3HAV1 specifically potentiates STING activation by associating with STING to promote its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, which facilitates activation of IRF3 and NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, Zc3hav1 deficiency protects mice against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection- or 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA)-induced inflammation in a STING-dependent manner. These results indicate that ZC3HAV1 is a key regulator of STING signaling, which suggests its possible use as a therapeutic target for STING-dependent inflammation.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most universal liver diseases with complicated pathogenesis throughout the world. Insulin resistance is a leading risk factor that contributes to the development of NAFLD. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) was described by researchers as contributing to regulating lipid metabolic disorders. Here, we investigated VEGFB as a main target to regulate insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Methods In this study, bioinformatics, transcriptomics, morphological experiments, and molecular biology were used to explore the role of VEGFB in regulating insulin resistance in NAFLD and its molecular mechanism based on human samples, animal models, and cell models. RNA-seq was performed to analyze the signal pathways associated with VEGFB and NAFLD; Palmitic acid and High-fat diet were used to induce insulin-resistant HepG2 cells model and NAFLD animal model. Intracellular glucolipid contents, glucose uptake, hepatic and serum glucose and lipid levels were examined by Microassay and Elisa. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, and Periodic acid-schiff staining were used to analyze the hepatic steatosis, lipid droplet, and glycogen content in the liver. Western blot and quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR were used to verify the expression levels of the VEGFB and insulin resistance-related signals PI3K/AKT pathway. Results We observed that VEGFB is genetically associated with NAFLD and the PI3K/AKT signal pathway. After VEGFB knockout, glucolipids levels were increased, and glucose uptake ability was decreased in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and hepatic glucose of NAFLD mice were increased, and hepatic glycogen, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were decreased. Moreover, VEGFB overexpression reduced glucolipids and insulin resistance levels in HepG2 cells. Specifically, VEGFB/VEGFR1 activates the PI3K/AKT signals by activating p-IRS1Ser307 expression, inhibiting p-FOXO1pS256 and p-GSK3Ser9 expressions to reduce gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in the liver. Moreover, VEGFB could also enhance the expression level of GLUT2 to accelerate glucose transport and reduce blood glucose levels, maintaining glucose homeostasis. Conclusions Our studies suggest that VEGFB could present a novel strategy for treating NAFLD as a positive factor. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a pivotal biological process in which cellular metabolic patterns change to meet the energy demands of increased cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we explore metabolic reprogramming and its impact on fibrotic diseases, providing a detailed overview of the key processes involved in the metabolic reprogramming of renal fibrosis, including fatty acid decomposition and synthesis, glycolysis, and amino acid catabolism. In addition, we report that Chinese medicine ameliorates renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in chronic kidney disease by regulating metabolic processes, thereby inhibiting renal fibrosis. Furthermore, we reveal that multiple targets and signaling pathways contribute to the metabolic regulatory effects of Chinese medicine. In summary, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which Chinese medicine inhibits renal fibrosis through the remodeling of renal cell metabolic processes, with the goal of discovering new therapeutic drugs for treating renal fibrosis.

Abstract The characteristics of gas seepage in broken coal and rock composed of different particle sizes and grades were investigated in this study. On the basis of Darcy's law and non‐Darcy seepage theory, equations of gas permeability in the nonlinear seepage of broken coal and rock, as well as the porosity of broken coal and rock, under triaxial compression were determined. The stress loading path of gas seepage in broken coal and rock was developed. The characteristics of gas seepage in broken coal and rock composed of different particle sizes and grades were analyzed, and the results showed that the gas permeability after compression was proportional to the particle size of the broken coal and rock. Under triaxial compression, the gas permeability of the broken coal and rock composed of graded‐particle sizes was lower than that of the broken coal and rock composed of different single‐particle sizes. The gas permeability of the broken coal was lower than that of the broken rock mass, and the gas permeability and porosity of the broken coal and rock can be described by the exponential decay function. At a constant porosity, the gas permeability of the broken coal and rock was proportional to the size grading index under triaxial compression. The coefficient of viscosity and gravity of the flow are key factors influencing the flow permeability in broken coal and rock. This study provides a reference for on‐site practice such as the efficient extraction of gas in goafs.

Theoretical research on betavoltaic batteries require calculating characteristic parameters of the radiation-voltage conversion device，in order to predict the output characteristics under irradiation. Through the calculated output characteristics，important theoretical references for the design of betavoltaic batteries are provided. Our algorithm calculates the characteristic parameters of the radiation-voltage conversion device based on the tested dark current-voltage curve and evaluates the quality of the characteristic parameters by statistical methods. To prove the effectiveness of the algorithm，the current-voltage curves under irradiation were predicted，and compared with those obtained by exposing to a real radioactive source. Calculation results achieved good results in both curve fitting and output characteristic prediction of the radiation-voltage conversion device. The results show our algorithm can predict the output of betavoltaic battery through the dark current-voltage curve without irradiation and provide guidance for the design of batavoltaic batteries.

Abstract Objective To analyze the genotypes of VZV in Jiangsu province to identify vaccine strains and wild strains, providing a molecular biological background for the effective prevention and control of varicella. Method Stratified sampling was used to collect herpes fluid or throat swab from patients diagnosed with varicella. ORF22 was carried out, and the restriction enzyme site of ORF38, ORF54 and ORF62 were detected. Results All 207 virus strains were Clade 2 type by sequencing the PCR products of ORF22. The sequencing results showed that five SNP sites changed compared to the Dumas reference strain(Clade 1). From A to G at 37,902, from T to c at 38,055, from A to C at 38,081, and from G to A at 38,177, from G to A at 39,394. The prevalent VZV genotypes in Jiangsu is consistent with the P-Oka. The restriction enzyme site analysis of PCR amplification products from ORF38 (PstI), ORF54 (BglI), ORF62 (SmaI) showed that all 207 virus strains were wild-type. There were two different types of the wild strains, and 183 strains (88.4%) were PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-). The wild strains between different regions showed no significant differences (χ2 = 0.05, P = 0.982). Conclusions The prevalent VZV genotypes are Clade 2 and the prevalent virus strains are wild strains in Jiangsu Province, the primary wild strain observed is mainly PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-).

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic lung disease with limited treatment options and efficacy. Evidence suggests that IPF arises from genetic, environmental, and aging-related factors. The pathogenic mechanisms of IPF primarily involve dysregulated repeated microinjuries to epithelial cells, abnormal fibroblast/myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, but thus far, the exact etiology remains unclear. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play regulatory roles in various biological processes and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple fibrotic diseases, including IPF. This review summarizes the roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of IPF and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Abstract Background Wild jujube trees in Ningxia, China, demonstrate exceptional drought tolerance. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with drought resistance and linked genes could significantly enhance molecular breeding efforts for this species. This study involved the measurement of nine drought resistance indicators were measured in 150 wild jujube trees from five regions in Ningxia. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out using a range of mixed linear models to pinpoint SNP markers linked to drought resistance. Results The coefficients of variation for the nine leaf traits in wild jujube trees ranged from 14.76 to 62.17%, with broad-sense heritability estimates falling between 0.84 and 0.99. Through GWAS analysis, a total of 12 significant SNPs and 162 potential genes associated with drought resistance were detected. This SNPs explained phenotypic variance ranging from 20.74 to 50.37%. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation highlighted five crucial candidate genes‒ZjMYB44, ZjUCLOC, ZjDnaJ50, ZjUCHL22 and ZjHSFB‒linked to drought tolerance in wild jujube. These genes demonstrated a positive correlation with drought tolerance within the wild jujube population. Conclusions Our findings indicate that these five genes likely play a pivotal role in conferring drought tolerance in wild jujubes. This study offers new insights to support the development of drought-resistant jujube varieties, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and bolstering food security in arid regions.

Abstract Plant height is a critical agronomic trait closely linked to yield, primarily regulated by Gibberellins (GA) and auxins, which interact in complex ways. However, the mechanism underlying their interactions remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified a tomato mutant exhibiting significantly reduced plant height. Through gene cloning and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) sequencing, we found that the mutant gene corresponds to the tomato auxin response factor gene SlARF5/MP. Here, we show that overexpression of SlARF5/MP significantly enhances plant height. Additionally, treatment with GA3 restored the plant height of the mutant to wild-type (WT) levels, indicating that GA content is a key factor influencing plant height. We also observed significant upregulation of GA-biosynthesis genes, including GA2-oxidases GA20ox3 and GA20ox4, as well as the GA3 biosynthesis gene GA3ox1, in SlARF5-overexpressing plants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SlARF5 directly binds to SlGA2ox3, which mediates the conversion of GA3 to inactive GA, therebyregulating its expression. Our findings suggest that SlARF5 modulates GA3 metabolism by regulating GA synthesis genes, ultimately leading to alterations in plant height.

Abstract Presenilin-associated protein (PSAP) is a mitochondrial proapoptotic protein as established in cell biology studies. It remains unknown whether it involves in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explored PASP expression in adult and aged human brains and its alteration relative to Alzheimer-disease (AD)-type neuropathology. In pathology-free brains, light PASP immunoreactivity (IR) occurred among largely principal neurons in the cerebrum and subcortical structures. In the brains with AD pathology, enhanced PSAP IR occurred in neuronal and neuritic profiles with a tangle-like appearance, with PSAP and pTau protein levels elevated in neocortical lysates relative to control. Neuronal/neuritic profiles with enhanced PSAP IR partially colocalized with pTau, but invariably with Amylo-Glo labelled tangles. The neuronal somata with enhanced PASP IR also showed diminished IR for casein kinase 1 delta (Ck1δ), a marker of granulovacuolar degeneration; and diminished IR for sortilin, which is normally expressed in membrane and intracellular protein sorting/trafficking organelles. In old 3xTg-AD mice with β-amyloid and pTau pathologies developed in the brain, PSAP IR in the cerebral sections exhibited no difference relative to wildtype mice. These findings indicate that PSAP upregulation is involved in the course of tangle formation especially in the human brain during aging and in AD pathogenesis.

Abstract Introduction Intestinal obstruction is a common complication in patients with advanced malignancies, often attributed to the disease itself or as a side effect of opioid analgesics used for pain management. However, the occurrence of intestinal obstruction following antituberculosis therapy is rare. Case presentation We report a unique case of a 58-year-old Asian male diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was initiated on a regimen of ethambutol hydrochloride, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and isoniazid tablets (II) for tuberculosis, alongside morphine for the management of severe cancer-related pain. Subsequently, he developed symptoms indicative of intestinal obstruction. Despite discontinuation of morphine, the patient’s symptoms persisted until he autonomously ceased all medications, leading to a rapid improvement in his condition. This unexpected resolution highlighted the antituberculosis drugs as the probable cause of his intestinal obstruction. Conclusions This case underscores the importance of considering antituberculosis drugs as a potential cause of intestinal obstruction, especially in patients who do not respond to conventional management strategies for drug-induced gastrointestinal side effects. It also emphasizes the need for heightened vigilance and monitoring when prescribing these medications to patients with advanced malignancies, to promptly identify and address rare but significant side effects.

Abstract Background It was reported that more than 96% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children are accompanied with different degrees of sensory processing abnormalities, and up to 50% of ASD children exhibit abnormal auditory response. Studies have confirmed that some ASD children’s abnormal auditory response may be related to their abnormal auditory processing. Prior research demonstrated that ASD children’s auditory processing has high heterogeneity, thus, ASD children’s auditory processing may have different developmental trajectories. However, no study has concentrated on the developmental trajectories of ASD children’s auditory processing. In addition, auditory processing plays a crucial role in ASD children’s language development, thus, ASD children’s different language development outcomes may be related to different auditory processing development tracks. Therefore, this study aims to explore the developmental trajectory of auditory processing in ASD children and analyze the relationship between different developmental trajectories of auditory processing and language impairment. Methods/Design In this study, 220 ASD children aging 3 years and 0 months to 4 years and 11 months are recruited as the research objects, and their demographic characteristics are collected. The subjects are tested for peripheral hearing, intelligence, and autism symptoms. Furthermore, ASD children’s auditory processing and language development are evaluated at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years later. In addition, ASD children’s auditory processing is evaluated by electrophysiological test and the Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale. Moreover, ASD children’s language skills are assessed using the Language Development Assessment Scale for Children Aged 1–6. The various categories of the developmental trajectory of ASD children’s auditory processing are examined through the latent category growth model. Additionally, a hierarchical regression model is developed to analyze the predictive impact of different auditory processing development trajectories on language impairment in ASD children. Discussion This longitudinal study will explore the categories of auditory processing developmental trajectories in ASD children, and analyze the relationship between different categories of auditory processing developmental trajectories and language development, providing new ideas and targeted targets for the rehabilitation training of language impairment in ASD children, as well as promoting early and accurate interventions for ASD children.

Abstract Elderly individuals display metabolite alterations that may contribute to development of cognitive impairment following surgery and anesthesia. However, these relationships remain largely unexplored. The study aims to assess the S-methyl-5-thioadenosine (MTA) is associated with postoperative delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR). We assess altered metabolites following anesthesia/surgery in both mice and patients to identify blood biomarkers of dNCR. Preoperative and postoperative plasma metabolites are determined by widely targeted metabolomics. The brains of mice with anesthesia/surgery show decreased MTA and activated MTA phosphorylase. Mice also show that preoperative administration of MTA can prevent inflammation and cognitive decline. In clinical patients, we detect lower preoperative serum MTA levels in those who developed dNCR. Both low preoperative and postoperative blood MTA levels are associated with increased risk of postoperative dNCR. These results suggest that anesthesia/surgery induces cognitive decline through methionine synthesis pathways and that MTA could be a perioperative predictor of dNCR.

Abstract Background Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), a distinct form of ectopic pregnancy, presents challenges in effective management. It is categorized into three subtypes according to the location of placental implantation and the thickness of the myometrium at the uterine scar. Nevertheless, the optimal choice of treatment modalities for these subtypes remains largely unexamined. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the cases of 130 patients diagnosed with CSP who underwent diverse treatment approaches, namely ultrasound-guided dilation and curettage (D&C), hysteroscopic surgery alone or in combination with laparoscopic surgery (HCoLC), or uterine artery embolization (UAE) followed by curettage. Clinical data were meticulously retrieved from medical records and follow-up data, and a comparative analysis of relevant indicators was carried out across the different CSP subtypes. Results From January 2017 to December 2021, 35 patients underwent D&C, 85 underwent HCoLC, and 10 received UAE as a pretreatment. In the D&C group, the success rates for Type I and Type II CSP were 64.29% (18/28) and 14.28% (1/7), respectively. Significant differences were observed between the success and failure groups in terms of gestational sac size and clinical classification. Compared to Type I CSP, Type II CSP exhibited significantly longer surgical durations and higher hospitalization costs (P

Background: Existing methods for MRI brain tumor segmentation often suffer from excessive model parameters and suboptimal performance in delineating tumor boundaries. Methods: For this issue, a lightweight MRI brain tumor segmentation method, enhanced by hierarchical feature fusion (EHFF), is proposed. This method reduces model parameters while improving segmentation performance by integrating hierarchical features. Initially, a fine-grained feature adjustment network is crafted and guided by global contextual information, leading to the establishment of an adaptive feature learning (AFL) module. This module captures the global features of MRI brain tumor images through macro perception and micro focus, adjusting spatial granularity to enhance feature details and reduce computational complexity. Subsequently, a hierarchical feature weighting (HFW) module is constructed. This module extracts multi-scale refined features through multi-level weighting, enhancing the detailed features of spatial positions and alleviating the lack of attention to local position details in macro perception. Finally, a hierarchical feature retention (HFR) module is designed as a supplementary decoder. This module retains, up-samples, and fuses feature maps from each layer, thereby achieving better detail preservation and reconstruction. Results: Experimental results on the BraTS 2021 dataset demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses existing methods. Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) for the three semantic categories ET, TC, and WT are 88.57%, 91.53%, and 93.09%, respectively.

Terahertz (THz) computed tomography (THz CT) exhibits the potential to provide a wealth of data, surpassing that of THz tomographic imaging in applications such as detecting embedded defects, particularly defect evolution within a glass fiber-reinforced polymer. To realize high-resolution THz CT, a systematic approach guided by wave propagation simulation was employed. First, the front wave of the THz beam was fine-tuned to realize a beam diameter of

Uranium-zirconium alloy is an important nuclear fuel in Integral Fast Reactor, which is of great significance to study its basic physical properties at high temperature by using advanced calculation methods. This work used deep potential molecular dynamics method, which combines the high accuracy of the first principles with the high efficiency of the classical molecular dynamics, to perform an evaluation of the static and thermophysical properties of body-centered cubic phase zirconium, uranium, and uranium-zirconium alloy. Firstly, the deep potential(DP) models of body-centered cubic zirconium(Zr-BCC), body-centered cubic uranium(U-BCC), and body-centered cubic uranium-zirconium alloy(U-Zr（BCC）) were trained by using deep neural network machine learning. Secondly, the DP models were used to predict equilibrium state equation, lattice constant, elastic properties, and phonon spectrum of the three systems, and the predicted results can reach the accuracy of the first principles. Then, the variation of heat capacity and density at constant pressure of Zr-BCC, U-BCC, and U-Zr（BCC） with temperature were predicted by using DP models, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The research results show that the machine learning method provides an important path for successfully exploring more complex nuclear fuel properties.

Erodium cicutarium is an annual herbaceous plant valued for its applications in traditional medicine. However, the chloroplast genome of E. cicutarium has yet to be reported. In this study, we assembled chloroplast genomes of Erodium cicutarium using Illumina sequencing reads. The chloroplast genome was 114,652 bp long, harbored 111 complete genes, and its overall GC content was 39.1%. In Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees, the 13 Erodium species divided into three main clades, with E. cicutarium and E. carvifolium forming a monophyletic group, suggesting a close relationship between the two species. The E. cicutarium cp genome presented in this study lays a good foundation for the Erodium.

Abstract Background Metabolic regulation of various amino acids have been proven to be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The impact of tryptophan, an essential amino acid, on the risk of developing CVD has not been fully elucidated. Aims The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically review evidence of the effects of tryptophan on CVD risk. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to collect relevant trials from inception to August 2024. The means and hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted and pooled. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify pooled effect estimates, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the pooled estimates. Results Data were collected from 34,370 people under follow-up for CVD events in 13 studies, including cohort studies and case-control studies. They were categorized into three groups on the basis of sample type and indicators: the plasma tryptophan level group, the plasma tryptophan CVD hazard group, and the urinary tryptophan CVD hazard group. The CVD included in this study were coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. Twelve studies on plasma tryptophan were meta-analyzed. The plasma tryptophan levels in CVD patients were generally lower than those in individuals without CVD (SMD = -8.57, 95%CI (-15.77, -1.37), P = 0.02). Decreased circulating tryptophan levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk (HR = 0.85, 95%CI (0.78, 0.92), P

Abstract It is currently unclear whether there is a connection between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as mortality in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our goal was to explore these relationships by examining data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. We identified eligible participants with NAFLD based on NHANES 2005–2018 data. CVD status was acquired through self-reported information, and using the National Death Index, mortality data were prospectively matched. The diagnosis of NAFLD relied on noninvasive biomarkers. The research involved 9094 individuals who were identified as having NAFLD, with a mean age of 52.05 years. Each incremental LE8 score exhibited a significant association, leading to a 3%, 3%, 4%, 3%, 3%, 4%, and 4% reduction in the odds of experiencing CVD, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, angina, and stroke in individuals with NAFLD. A strong correlation was found between maintaining a superior level of Cardiovascular Health (CVH), as shown by a LE8 score ranging from 80 to 100, and a reduced occurrence of CVD and its various forms in NAFLD (all p for trend

Abstract Immunodeficiency 11B with atopic dermatitis (IMD11B, OMIM:617638) is rare primary immunodeficiency disease caused by germline dominant negative (DN) mutations in the CARD11 gene. Affected patients present with immune dysfunction, recurrent infections and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we sought to identify and characterize the genetic variant in one patient with periodic fever, recurrent infections, and eczema. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was employed in this patient and her parents, and Sanger sequencing validated the potential pathogenic variant. In vitro functional study was performed to evaluate the pathogenicity of genetic variant identified. A very rare missense mutation (c.2324C > T, p.S775L) in CARD11 gene (NM_032415) was identified by WES in the patient but not her parents. Luciferase reporter assays and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated mutation exerts a dominant-interfering effect on wild-type CARD11, inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. RNA sequencing analysis also confirmed that mutant CARD11 inhibited down-stream transcriptional activity of NF-κB. A review of literature doesn’t found significant genotype–phenotype correlation. We identified a vary rare DN CARD11 mutation, expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of CARD11.

Abstract Background Selecting the optimal non-invasive diagnostic model for MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatosis Liver Disease) and steatosis progression is a critical issue given the variety of available models. We aimed to compare the performance of eight clinical prediction models for diagnosing and predicting the progression of hepatic steatosis using MRI-PDFF (Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Proton Density Fat Fraction), and validate the findings with FibroScan and histopathological results. Methods In this study, 846 participants were initially enrolled, with 108 undergoing liver biopsy and 706 completing one-year follow-up, including 26 who underwent repeat biopsy. We calculated scores for eight clinical prediction models (FAST, KNAFLD, HSI, FLI, Liver Fat Score, Liver Fat Equation, BAAT, LAP) using collected clinical data and defined steatosis progression as a 30% relative increase in liver fat content (LFC) measured by MRI-PDFF. CAP(Controlled Attenuation Parameter) and LSM (Liver Stiffness Measurement) were obtained by Fibroscan. MRI-PDFF served as the reference standard for evaluating model accuracy, and sensitivity analyses were performed using liver biopsy and Fibroscan results. Results Among the eight clinical models, NAS (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score) showed higher correlation with the FAST and KNAFLD models (r: 0.62 and 0.52, respectively). Among the whole cohort (N = 846), KNAFLD was the best model for predicting different degrees of hepatic steatosis (AUC = 0.84). When the KNAFLD score was above 2.935, LFC was significantly higher (4.4% vs. 19.7%, P -0.02, LFC increased (8.6–10.9%, P

Safely and effectively increasing the permeability of coal seams and improving the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction is the key to promoting efficient energy utilization. With the increase of coal mining depth in China, the difficulty of coalbed methane mining is increasing, and the risk of gas outbursts is becoming more and more serious. The expansion fracturing technology has the unique advantages of no noise, no vibration, and no dust, which makes it have broad application prospect in the field of coal seam permeability enhancement. Through the investigation and analysis of the existing research results, the reaction mechanism of static expansion materials and the mechanism of expansion cracking and permeability improvement were analyzed, and the influence of parameters such as borehole diameter, spacing, and shape on the cracking effect of the coal body was combed, and the mechanical models of coal damage (coal damage fracture model and crack propagation model) in the process of expansion cracking were summarized, and the application status of expansion cracking technology in the field of coal seam permeability enhancement was expounded, and the research direction and development suggestions of expansion fracking technology in the field of coal seam permeability enhancement were proposed.