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There is a strong relationship between metazoan body size and extinction risk. However, the size selectivity and underlying mechanisms in foraminifera, a common marine protozoa, remain controversial. Here, we found that foraminifera exhibit size-dependent extinction selectivity, favoring larger groups (>7.4 log10 cubic micrometer) over smaller ones. Foraminifera showed significant size selectivity in the Guadalupian-Lopingian, Permian-Triassic, and Cretaceous-Paleogene extinctions where the proportion of large genera exceeded 50%. Conversely, in extinctions where the proportion of large genera was

In order to study the bridge deflection monitoring and prediction system based on network communication, first, the development status of the bridge deflection monitoring system, overall demand of the system, hardware composition of the system, realization of the system software, and the timely processing and analysis of monitoring data are discussed. Then, the dynamic prediction of the change trend of the external load and the decay information of the structural resistance contained in the deflection monitoring data is carried out, and the prediction function of the external effect of the structure is established at the same time. Finally, a rapid monitoring system specially designed to deal with accidental bridge disasters was developed, and it was installed and applied in the engineering experiment of Chongqing Gaojia Garden Bridge. The deflection data analysis of Gaojia Huayuan Bridge was carried out, and suggestions for the operation and maintenance of the bridge were put forward, and the safety status assessment of the bridge was realized. The results show that the system has strong practicability, real-time monitoring and accuracy. It provides a convenient and accurate way for bridge managers to supervise bridges and formulate specific bridge maintenance plans in a timely manner. During the radio frequency modulation of communication data, harmonic oscillations occur due to the nonlinear characteristics of oscillating data, so it is difficult to improve the wireless ability to modulate and demodulate transmitted data in communications. The traditional method uses neural network fuzzy control distribution estimation harmonic balance algorithm and nonlinear rolling. The performance of dynamic predictive control is poor in quality, harmonic balance, and stability control. An improved harmonic-based communication network is proposed to balance the stability control model of nonlinear communication system, construct nonlinear communication system model, and extract signal and channel characteristics of the communication system. The channel model is designed and the communication network control method is adopted to improve the control algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can be used to improve the stability of nonlinear communication system, reduce the bit error rate, overcome the interference of coherent component in sidelobe, and autocorrelated the impulse response of receiver. The stability of the cumulative output is good, which can overcome the communication error caused by the harmonic oscillation due to the nonlinear characteristics of the oscillating data, and improve the communication quality.

Foraminifera is the most important temperature proxy of the ocean on long time scales. However, the absence of temperature‐controlled experiments at different water depths hinders the advancement of paleotemperature reconstruction with foraminifera from the continental shelf. For the first time, this study investigated the response of benthic foraminifera to temperature change using microcosm culture and metabarcoding. Foraminiferal communities from three continental stations at varying water depths (6.0, 9.2, and 26.0 m) were cultured under five temperature gradients (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30°C), with each treatment performed in triplicate. The foraminifera were fed with microalgae every 4 days, and the filtered seawater (through 0.22 μm pores), acting as a medium, was changed accordingly. The experiment lasted for 80 days, and 47 DNA samples were obtained and analyzed, including three in situ samples. The results showed that foraminifera adjusted its growth rate within the low‐temperature range and adopted an r‐strategy to cope with high‐temperature stress. In addition, the foraminifera from deeper water stations exhibited a pronounced vulnerability to diminishing read counts. The read counts, operational taxonomic units (OTU) counts and Margalef index of foraminifera and the read counts of Rotaliida exhibited a remarkably positive correlation with temperature. The recommended relationships were described as read counts = 1314.75*T + 44754.51; OTU counts = 1.13*T + 44.26; Margalef index =1.13*T + 44.26. This study established the first quantitative relationship between temperature and foraminifera molecular parameters that holds significant implications for long‐time paleotemperature calibration in climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplex DNA switches are attractive allosteric tools for engineering smart nanodevices, but their poor triplex‐forming capacity at physiological conditions limited the practical applications. To address this challenge, we proposed a low‐entropy barrier design to facilitate triplex formation by introducing a hairpin duplex linker into the triplex motif, and the resulting triplex switch was termed as CTNSds. Compared to the conventional clamp‐like triplex switch, CTNSds increased the triplex‐forming ratio from 30 % to 91 % at pH 7.4 and stabilized the triple‐helix structure in FBS and cell lysate. CTNSds was also less sensitive to free‐energy disturbances, such as lengthening linkers or mismatches in the triple‐helix stem. The CTNSds design was utilized to reversibly isolate CTCs from whole blood, achieving high capture efficiencies (>86 %) at pH 7.4 and release efficiencies (>80 %) at pH 8.0. Our approach broadens the potential applications of DNA switches‐based switchable nanodevices, showing great promise in biosensing and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the efficacy and mechanism of action of Maqin Xiaoke Granules (MQs) in the treatment of acute bronchitis (AB). Methods: The rat model of AB was established by mixed smoke and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasal infection. The pathological changes of lung tissue and bronchus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and scored. The mRNA expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in lung tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α [ TNF-α ], interleukin-6 [ IL-6 ], interleukin-1β [ IL-1β ], interleukin-10 [ IL-10 ]) in serum and lung homogenate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The therapeutic effect of MQ on rats with AB was preliminarily evaluated. Metabolic profiling of rat serum was performed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, combining P <.05, variable important in projection > 1, fold change > 1.5 and screening for differential metabolites based on univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, and then analyzing the possible metabolic pathways with the help of MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database, to analyze the mechanism of MQ's action on the treatment of AB at the metabolic level. Results: MQ significantly ameliorated the pathological injury of bronchial and lung tissues in model rats, reduced the mRNA levels of NLRP3 and p38 MAPK (P <.05,.01), lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum and lung homogenates (P <.05,.01), and elevated IL-10 in serum and lung homogenates (P <.0001,.01) levels, and to regulate abnormal metabolites in rats with AB via the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. Conclusion: MQ significantly improved AB induced by mixed smoke combined with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the mechanism of its induction may be related to the dysregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism, and this study provides a reference for the rational clinical application of MQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]