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1. Extragalactic fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a Type Ic-BL supernova

Author

Sun, H., Li, W. -X., Liu, L. -D., Gao, H., Wang, X. -F., Yuan, W., Zhang, B., Filippenko, A. V., Xu, D., An, T., Ai, S., Brink, T. G., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. -Q., Wang, C. -Y., Wu, Q. -Y., Wu, X. -F., Yang, Y., Zhang, B. -B., Zheng, W. -K., Ahumada, T., Dai, Z. -G., Delaunay, J., Elias-Rosa, N., Benetti, S., Fu, S. -Y., Howell, D. A., Huang, Y. -F., Kasliwal, M. M., Karambelkar, V., Stein, R., Lei, W. -H., Lian, T. -Y., Peng, Z. -K., Ridnaia, A. V., Svinkin, D. S., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, A. -L., Wei, D. -M., An, J., Andrews, M., Bai, J. -M, Dai, C. -Y., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Fan, Z., Farah, J., Feng, H. -C., Fynbo, J. P. U., Guo, W. -J., Guo, Z., Hu, M. -K., Hu, J. -W., Jiang, S. -Q., Jin, J. -J., Li, A., Li, J. -D., Li, R. -Z., Liang, Y. -F., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, X., Mao, J. -R., McCully, C., Mirzaqulov, D., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pan, X., Terreran, G., Tinyanont, S., Wang, B. -T., Wang, L. -Z., Wen, X. -D., Xiang, D. -F., Xue, S. -J., Yang, J., Zhu, Z. -P., Cai, Z. -M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -Q., Cordier, B., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Fan, D. -W., Feng, H., Guan, J., Han, D. -W., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Kuulkers, E., Li, C. -K., Li, D. -Y., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Liu, C. -Z, Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Lu, F. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, J., Mao, X., Nandra, K., O'Brien, P., Pan, H. -W., Rau, A., Rea, N., Sanders, J., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Xiong, D. -R., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., and Zhu, Z. -C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Massive stars end their life as core-collapse supernovae, amongst which some extremes are Type Ic broad-lined supernovae associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) having powerful relativistic jets. Their less-extreme brethren make unsuccessful jets that are choked inside the stars, appearing as X-ray flashes or low-luminosity GRBs. On the other hand, there exists a population of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) with timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of seconds, whose origins remain obscure. Known sources that contribute to the observed EFXT population include the softer analogs of LGRBs, shock breakouts of supernovae, or unsuccessful jets. Here, we report the discovery of the bright X-ray transient EP240414a detected by the Einstein Probe (EP), which is associated with the Type Ic supernova SN 2024gsa at a redshift of 0.401. The X-ray emission evolution is characterised by a very soft energy spectrum peaking at < 1.3 keV, which makes it distinct from known LGRBs, X-ray flashes, or low-luminosity GRBs. Follow-up observations at optical and radio bands revealed the existence of a weak relativistic jet that interacts with an extended shell surrounding the progenitor star. Located on the outskirts of a massive galaxy, this event reveals a new population of explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars characterised by a less powerful engine that drives a successful but weak jet, possibly owing to a progenitor star with a smaller core angular momentum than in traditional LGRB progenitors., Comment: 43 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted. Comments are welcome

Published
2024

2. Soft X-ray prompt emission from a high-redshift gamma-ray burst EP240315a

Author

Liu, Y., Sun, H., Xu, D., Svinkin, D. S., Delaunay, J., Tanvir, N. R., Gao, H., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Wu, X. -F., Zhang, B., Yuan, W., An, J., Bruni, G., Frederiks, D. D., Ghirlanda, G., Hu, J. -W., Li, A., Li, C. -K., Li, J. -D., Malesani, D. B., Piro, L., Raman, G., Ricci, R., Troja, E., Vergani, S. D., Wu, Q. -Y., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Zhu, Z. -P., Postigo, A. de Ugarte, Demin, A. G., Dobie, D., Fan, Z., Fu, S. -Y., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geng, J. -J., Gianfagna, G., Hu, Y. -D., Huang, Y. -F., Jiang, S. -Q., Jonker, P. G., Julakanti, Y., Kennea, J. A., Kokomov, A. A., Kuulkers, E., Lei, W. -H., Leung, J. K., Levan, A. J., Li, D. -Y., Li, Y., Littlefair, S. P., Liu, X., Lysenko, A. L., Ma, Y. -N., Martin-Carrillo, A., O'Brien, P., Parsotan, T., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ridnaia, A. V., Ronchini, S., Rossi, A., Mata-Sanchez, D., Schneider, B., Shen, R. -F., Thakur, A. L., Tohuvavohu, A., Torres, M. A. P., Tsvetkova, A. E., Ulanov, M. V., Wei, J. -J., Xiao, D., Yin, Y. -H. I., Bai, M., Burwitz, V., Cai, Z. -M., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. -Q., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Dai, Z. -G., Eder, J., Fan, D. -W., Feldman, C., Feng, H., Feng, Z., Friedrich, P., Gao, X., Guan, J., Han, D. -W, Han, J., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Hu, T., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Hutchinson, I., Ji, Z., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Jin, J. -J., Keereman, A., Lerman, H., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Lian, T. -Y., Liang, E. -W., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, C. -Z., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Liu, Y. -R., Lu, F. -J., LU, H. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, F. L., Ma, J., Mao, J. -R., Mao, X., McHugh, M., Meidinger, N., Nandra, K., Osborne, J. P., Pan, H. -W., Pan, X., Ravasio, M. E., Rau, A., Rea, N., Rehman, U., Sanders, J., Santovincenzo, A., Song, L. -M., Su, J., Sun, L. -J., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Tong, J. -Z., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, X. -F., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Wei, D. -M., Willingale, R., Xiong, S. -L., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, F., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J, Yu, Y. -W., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, L. -X., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., Zhu, Z. -C., and Zuo, X. -X.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from core collapse of massive stars. High-redshift GRBs can probe the star formation and reionization history of the early universe, but their detection remains rare. Here we report the detection of a GRB triggered in the 0.5--4 keV band by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, designated as EP240315a, whose bright peak was also detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and Konus-Wind through off-line analyses. At a redshift of $z=4.859$, EP240315a showed a much longer and more complicated light curve in the soft X-ray band than in gamma-rays. Benefiting from a large field-of-view ($\sim$3600 deg$^2$) and a high sensitivity, EP-WXT captured the earlier engine activation and extended late engine activity through a continuous detection. With a peak X-ray flux at the faint end of previously known high-$z$ GRBs, the detection of EP240315a demonstrates the great potential for EP to study the early universe via GRBs., Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables

Published
2024

3. A New Heterozygous Variant of c.1225_1227delTTC (p.Phe409del) in Insulin Receptor Gene Associated with Severe Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenemia in an Adolescent Female with Type A Severe Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Author

Song Y, Lei W, Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chen L, Li H, Liu L, Zeng T, and Hu X

Subjects
insulin receptor gene, heterozygous mutation, severe insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, type a insulin resistance syndrome, female, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Yuqing Song,1,2,&ast; Wenjie Lei,1– 3,&ast; Qianqian Huang,1,2 Jiehan Zhang,1,2 Qiao Zhang,4 Lulu Chen,1,2 Huiqing Li,1,2 Li Liu,5 Tianshu Zeng,1,2 Xiang Hu1,2 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 2Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 3People’s Hospital of Luotian County, Huanggang, 438600, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 5The People’s Hospital of Maojian, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tianshu Zeng; Xiang Hu, Email tszeng@126.com; huxiang628@126.comBackground: Functional defects caused by mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene often lead to severe hereditary insulin resistance syndromes, including but not limited to type A insulin resistance syndrome.Method and Result: Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with elevated fasting blood glucose detected by opportunistic testing, associated with severe insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. She had axillary hair, acne, clitoral hypertrophy, prominent labia minora hypertrophy and thickened voice with BMI 20.57kg/m2, and ultrasound imaging showed that she had multiple follicles in both ovaries. Insulin was initially administered, but the glycemic control was poor. Accordingly, the prescription was later switched to metformin, maintaining euglycemic blood glucose level. The whole exome sequencing from peripheral blood revealed that the patient carries NM_000208.2:c.1225_1227delTTC (p.Phe409del) heterozygous mutation in the INSR gene. She was tentatively diagnosed as type A insulin resistance syndrome based on her clinical features and heterozygous mutation in the INSR gene.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that type A insulin resistance syndrome in patients presenting with severe insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia was associated with a heterozygous variant of c.1225_1227delTTC (p.Phe409del), suggesting that exon sequencing would be beneficial to detect the potential mutations in the INSR gene of these patients for precise diagnosis and intervention in clinical practice.Keywords: insulin receptor gene, heterozygous mutation, severe insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, type A insulin resistance syndrome, female

Published
2024

4. Associations of Intermittent Hypoxia Burden with Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Author

Guo W, Sun L, Yue H, Guo X, Chen L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang J, and Lei W

Subjects
obstructive sleep apnea, gut microbiota, 16s rrna, intermittent hypoxia, Psychiatry, RC435-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Wenbin Guo,1,&ast; Lin Sun,1,&ast; Huijun Yue,1,&ast; Xueqin Guo,1 Lin Chen,1 Jinhong Zhang,1 Zhuqi Chen,1 Yiming Wang,1 Jiao Wang,2 Wenbin Lei1 1Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiao Wang, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email wangj836@mail.sysu.edu.cn Wenbin Lei, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email leiwb@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Clinical studies focusing on the association between the gut microbiota and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between intermittent hypoxia and the composition of gut microbiota in adults by analyzing the differences in the characteristics and functional distribution of gut microbiota between patients with different severities of OSA and healthy individuals.Patients and Methods: A cohort of 113 individuals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University underwent overnight polysomnography from July 2019 to August 2021. The individuals included 16 healthy controls and 97 patients with OSA, categorized by the apnea-hypopnea index into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Fecal samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region to assess gut microbiota composition and function. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between clinical indicators and microbiota markers.Results: In patients with OSA, the gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of specific microbes that produce short-chain fatty acids decreased (P< 0.05). The phyla Verrucomicrobia and Candidatus Saccharibacteria, genera Gemmiger and Faecalibacterium, and the species Gemmiger formicilis exhibited decreasing abundance with increasing OSA severity. Correlation analysis revealed a robust association between the proportion of total sleep time, characterized by nighttime blood oxygen saturation below 90%, and the alterations in the gut microbiota, demonstrating that elevated levels of desaturation are correlated with pronounced microbiota dysbiosis (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Compared to the control group, the intermittent hypoxia exhibited by patients with OSA may be related to alterations in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Our results demonstrate the importance of monitoring hypoxia indicators in future clinical practice.Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, gut microbiota, 16S rRNA, intermittent hypoxia

Published
2024

5. Predictive Model of Internal Bleeding in Elderly Aspirin Users Using XGBoost Machine Learning

Author

Chen T, Lei W, and Wang M

Subjects
aspirin, bleeding, haemorrhage, predictive model, extreme gradient boosting, nomogram, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Tenggao Chen,1,&ast; Wanlin Lei,2,&ast; Maofeng Wang2 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, 322100, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, 322100, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Maofeng Wang, Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, 322100, People’s Republic of China, Email wzmcwmf@wmu.edu.cnObjective: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for assessing internal bleeding risk in elderly aspirin users using machine learning.Methods: A total of 26,030 elderly aspirin users (aged over 65) were retrospective included in the study. Data on patient demographics, clinical features, underlying diseases, medical history, and laboratory examinations were collected from Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, with a 7:3 ratio, for model development and internal validation, respectively. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multivariate logistic regression were employed to develop prediction models. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC), and net reduction curve (NRC).Results: The XGBoost model exhibited the highest AUC among all models. It consisted of six clinical variables: HGB, PLT, previous bleeding, gastric ulcer, cerebral infarction, and tumor. A visual nomogram was developed based on these six variables. In the training dataset, the model achieved an AUC of 0.842 (95% CI: 0.829– 0.855), while in the test dataset, it achieved an AUC of 0.820 (95% CI: 0.800– 0.840), demonstrating good discriminatory performance. The calibration curve analysis revealed that the nomogram model closely approximated the ideal curve. Additionally, the DCA curve, CIC, and NRC demonstrated favorable clinical net benefit for the nomogram model.Conclusion: This study successfully developed a predictive model to estimate the risk of bleeding in elderly aspirin users. This model can serve as a potential useful tool for clinicians to estimate the risk of bleeding in elderly aspirin users and make informed decisions regarding their treatment and management.Keywords: aspirin, bleeding, haemorrhage, predictive model, extreme gradient boosting, nomogram

Published
2024

10. High-throughput screening of multifunctional nanocoatings based on combinations of polyphenols and catecholamines.

Author

Behboodi-Sadabad, F, Li, S, Lei, W, Liu, Y, Sommer, T, Friederich, P, Sobek, C, Messersmith, PB, and Levkin, PA

Subjects
Catecholamine, High-throughput screening, Miniaturized platform, Multifunctional nanocoating, Plant polyphenol
Abstract

Biomimetic surface coatings based on plant polyphenols and catecholamines have been used broadly in a variety of applications. However, the lack of a rational cost-effective platform for screening these coatings and their properties limits the true potential of these functional materials to be unleashed. Here, we investigated the oxidation behavior and coating formation ability of a library consisting of 45 phenolic compounds and catecholamines. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated significant acceleration of oxidation and polymerization under UV irradiation. We discovered that several binary mixtures resulted in non-additive behavior (synergistic or antagonistic effect) yielding much thicker or thinner coatings than individual compounds measured by ellipsometry. To investigate the properties of coatings derived from new combinations, we used a miniaturized high-throughput strategy to screen 2,532 spots coated with single, binary, and ternary combinations of coating precursors in one run. We evaluated the use of machine learning models to learn the relation between the chemical structure of the precursors and the thickness of the nanocoatings. Formation and stability of nanocoatings were investigated in a high-throughput manner via discontinuous dewetting. 30 stable combinations (hits) were used to tune the surface wettability and to form water droplet microarray and spot size gradients of water droplets on the coated surface. No toxicity was observed against eukaryotic HeLa cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain PA30) bacteria after 24 h incubation at 37 °C. The strategy introduced here for high-throughput screening of nanocoatings derived from combinations of coating precursors enables the discovery of new functional materials for various applications in science and technology in a cost-effective miniaturized manner.

Published
2021

11. Swift heavy ion irradiation of GaSb: from ion tracks to nano-porous networks

Author

Notthoff, C., Jordan, S., Hadley, A., Mota-Santiago, P., Elliman, R. G., Lei, W., Kirby, N., and Kluth, P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Ion track formation, amorphisation, and the formation of porosity in crystalline GaSb induced by 185 MeV $^{197}$Au swift heavy ion irradiation is investigated as a function of fluence and irradiation angle relative to the surface normal. RBS/C and SAXS reveal an ion track radius between 3 nm and 5 nm. The observed pore morphology and saturation swelling of GaSb films shows a strong irradiation angle dependence. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the ion tracks act as a source of strain in the material leading to macroscopic plastic flow at high fluences and off normal irradiation. The results are consistent with the ion hammering model for glasses. Furthermore, wide angle X-ray scattering reveals the formation of nano crystallites inside otherwise amorphous GaSb after the onset of porosity.

Published
2019
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12. A Nomogram for Early Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Based on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Metabolomics

Author

Chen S, Su M, Lei W, Wu Z, Wu S, Liu J, Huang X, Chen G, Zhang Q, Zhong H, Rong F, Li X, and Xiao Q

Subjects
community-acquired pneumonia, biomarker, precision medicine, metabolomics, prediction model, logistic regression, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Siqin Chen,1,&ast; Minhong Su,2,&ast; Wei Lei,1,&ast; Zhida Wu,1 Shuhong Wu,1 Jing Liu,1 Xiaoyan Huang,1 Guiyang Chen,1 Qian Zhang,1 Hua Zhong,1 Fu Rong,1 Xi Li,1 Qiang Xiao1 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiang Xiao; Xi Li, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), No. 1, Jiazi Road, Lunjiao Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528300, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-757-22318689 ; +86-757-22318690, Email xiaoqiang@smu.edu.cn; kamaneal@163.comPurpose: There is a high disease burden associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) around the world. A timely and correct diagnosis of CAP can facilitate early treatment and prevent illness progression. The present study aimed to find some novel biomarkers of CAP by metabolic analysis and construct a nomogram model for precise diagnosis and individualized treatment of CAP patients.Patients and Methods: 42 CAP patients and 20 controls were enrolled in this study. The metabolic profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were identified by untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis. With a VIP score ≥ 1 in OPLS-DA analysis and P < 0.05, the significantly dysregulated metabolites were estimated as potential biomarkers of CAP, which were further included in the construction of the diagnostic prediction model along with laboratory inflammatory indexes via stepwise backward regression analysis. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability of the nomogram were evaluated by the C-index, the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) estimated by bootstrap resampling.Results: The metabolic profiles differed obviously between CAP patients and healthy controls, as shown by PCA and OPLS-DA plots. Seven metabolites significantly dysregulated in CAP were established: dimethyl disulfide, oleic acid (d5), N-acetyl-a-neuraminic acid, pyrimidine, choline, LPC (12:0/0:0) and PA (20:4/2:0). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the expression levels of PA (20:4/2:0), N-acetyl-a-neuraminic acid, and CRP were associated with CAP. After being validated by bootstrap resampling, this model showed satisfactory diagnostic performance.Conclusion: A novel nomogram prediction model containing metabolic potential biomarkers in BALF that was developed for the early diagnosis of CAP offers insights into the pathogenesis and host response in CAP.Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, biomarker, precision medicine, metabolomics, prediction model, logistic regression

Published
2023

13. Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Apoptotic, and M2 Polarized DSPC Liposome Nanoparticles for Selective Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Author

Wan J, Yang J, Lei W, Xiao Z, Zhou P, Zheng S, and Zhu P

Subjects
scavenging ros, reduce apoptosis, macrophage polarization, inhibit inflammation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Jun Wan,&ast; Jie Yang,&ast; Wenrui Lei, Zezhou Xiao, Pengyu Zhou, Shaoyi Zheng, Peng Zhu Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaoyi Zheng; Peng Zhu, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-62786747, Email zhsy@smu.edu.cn; doctff@smu.edu.cnPurpose: Oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis. However, no antioxidants have brought positive effects on the treatment of atherosclerosis. To selectively treat atherosclerosis, various means such as antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, and M2 polarization are used. The ultimate goal is that multiple regulatory pathways can help to treat atherosclerosis.Patients and Methods: In this study, Simvastatin (SIM) as a model drug, EGCG as an antioxidant agent, and distearyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) as major carriers were used to make liposome nanoparticles (SE-LNPs). The cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties of nanoparticles were tested in vitro. ApoE−/− atherosclerotic mice were treated with nanoparticles. The changes of aortic Oil red staining, blood lipid, HE, and Masson sections of the aortic root were observed.Results: SE-LNPs exhibited a sustained release profile, potentially enabling the accumulation of the majority amount of drugs at the atherosclerotic plaque. The phagocytosis effect was stronger in RAW. The anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of the formulation were verified in vitro. SE-LNPs promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. The therapeutic effect of SE-LNPs was assessed in the ApoE−/− mice model of atherosclerosis. SE-LNPs reduced reactive oxygen species and lipids in vivo. The results of Oil red staining, blood lipid, HE, and Masson sections of the aortic root showed the recovery of the focus.Conclusion: Studies have shown that SE-LNPs could resist oxidation, and apoptosis, promote M2 polarization, and reduce blood lipids and lesions, which is a reliable and selective treatment for atherosclerosis.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: scavenging ROS, reduce apoptosis, macrophage polarization, inhibit inflammation

Published
2023

14. Characterization of the Microbiome and Host’s Metabolites of the Lower Respiratory Tract During Acute Community-Acquired Pneumonia Identifies Potential Novel Markers

Author

Xiao Q, Tan S, Liu C, Liu B, Li Y, Guo Y, Hu P, Su Z, Chen S, Lei W, Li X, Su M, and Rong F

Subjects
community-acquired pneumonia, microbiome, metabolites, biomarker, diagnosis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Qiang Xiao,1,&ast; Shukun Tan,1,2,&ast; Changzhi Liu,3,&ast; Bin Liu,1 Yingxiong Li,1 Yehui Guo,1 Peiyan Hu,1 Zhuoying Su,1 Siqin Chen,1 Wei Lei,1 Xi Li,1 Minhong Su,4 Fu Rong1 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (the First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, People’s Republic of China; 2Respiratory Medicine of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528222, People’s Republic of China; 3Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (the First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, People’s Republic of China; 4Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fu Rong, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), No. 1, Jiazi Road, Lunjiao Street, Shunde District, Foshan, 528300, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-757-22318689, Email rongfu828@sina.com Minhong Su, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-62782290, Email 878697159@qq.comPurpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most frequently encountered infectious diseases worldwide. Few studies have explored the microbial composition of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and host metabolites of CAP. We analyzed the microbial composition of the LRT and levels of host metabolites to explore new biomarkers for CAP.Patients and Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from 28 CAP patients and 20 healthy individuals. Following centrifugation, BALF pellets were used for amplicon sequencing of a variable region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene to characterize the microbial composition. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to detect host’s metabolites in the supernatant.Results: Compared with healthy individuals, the bacterial alpha diversity in the LRT of CAP patients was significantly lower in CAP patients (p< 0.05). On the bacterial genus level, over 20 genera were detected with lower relative abundance (p< 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium-6 was significantly higher in CAP patients. The levels of the host metabolites dimethyldisulfide, choline, pyrimidine, oleic acid and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid were all increased in BALF of CAP patients (p< 0.05), while concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC (12:0/0:0)) and phosphatidic acid (PA (20:4/2:0)) were decreased (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the relative abundance of Parvimonas, Treponema-2, Moraxella, Aggregatibacter, Filifactor, Fusobacterium, Lautropia and Neisseria negatively correlated with concentrations of oleic acid (p< 0.05). A negative correlation between the relative abundance of Treponema-2, Moraxella, Filifactor, Fusobacterium and dimethyldisulfide concentrations was also observed (p< 0.05). In contrast, the relative abundance of Treponema-2, Moraxella, Filifactor, and Fusobacterium was found to be positively associated with concentrations of LPC (12:0/0:0) and PA (20:4/2:0) (p< 0.05).Conclusion: The composition of the LRT microbiome differed between healthy individuals and CAP patients. We propose that some respiratory microbial components and host metabolites are potentially novel diagnostic markers of CAP.Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, microbiome, metabolites, biomarker, diagnosis

Published
2023

18. Search for the Signatures of a New-Born Black Hole from the Collapse of a Supra-massive Millisecond Magnetar in Short GRB Light Curves

Author

Zhang, Q., Lei, W. H., Zhang, B. B., Chen, W., Xiong, S. L., and Song, L. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

`Internal plateau' followed by a sharp decay is commonly seen in short gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves. The plateau component is usually interpreted as the dipole emission from a supra-massive magnetar, and the sharp decay may imply the collapse of the magnetar to a black hole (BH). Fall-back accretion onto the new-born BH could produce long-lasting activities via the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process. The magnetic flux accumulated near the BH would be confined by the accretion disks for a period of time. As the accretion rate decreases, the magnetic flux is strong enough to obstruct gas infall, leading to a magnetically-arrested disk (MAD). Within this scenario, we show that the BZ process could produce two types of typical X-ray light curves: type I exhibits a long-lasting plateau, followed by a power-law decay with slopes ranging from 5/3 to 40/9; type II shows roughly a single power-law decay with slope of 5/3. The former requires low magnetic filed strength, while the latter corresponds to relatively high values. We search for such signatures of the new-born BH from a sample of short GRBs with an internal plateau, and find two candidates: GRB 101219A and GRB 160821B, corresponding to type II and type I light curve, respectively. It is shown that our model can explain the data very well., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2017

19. A peculiar low-luminosity short gamma-ray burst from a double neutron star merger progenitor

Author

Zhang, B. -B., Zhang, B., Sun, H., Lei, W. -H., Gao, H., Li, Y., Shao, L., Zhao, Y., Hu, Y. -D., Lü, H. -J., Wu, X. -F., Fan, X. -L., Wang, G., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Zhang, S., Yu, B. -Y., Cao, Y. -Y., and Liang, E. -W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Double neutron star (DNS) merger events are promosing candidates of short Gamma-ray Burst (sGRB) progenitors as well as high-frequecy gravitational wave (GW) emitters. On August 17, 2017, such a coinciding event was detected by both the LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave detector network as GW170817 and Gamma-Ray Monitor on board NASA's {\it Fermi} Space Telescope as GRB 170817A. Here we show that the fluence and spectral peak energy of this sGRB fall into the lower portion of the distributions of known sGRBs. Its peak isotropic luminosity is abnormally low. The estimated event rate density above this luminosity is at least $190^{+440}_{-160} {\rm Gpc^{-3} \ yr^{-1}}$, which is close to but still below the DNS merger event rate density. This event likely originates from a structured jet viewed from a large viewing angle. There are similar faint soft GRBs in the {\it Fermi} archival data, a small fraction of which might belong to this new population of nearby, low-luminosity sGRBs., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. A final edited version will appear in Nature Communications

Published
2017
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20. Data-driven solutions of ill-posed inverse problems arising from doping reconstruction in semiconductors.

Author

Piani, S., Farrell, P., Lei, W., Rotundo, N., and Heltai, L.

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTOR doping, INVERSE problems, MULTILAYER perceptrons, PHOTOVOLTAIC effect, HEAT conduction, LEAST squares
Abstract

The non-destructive estimation of doping concentrations in semiconductor devices is of paramount importance for many applications ranging from crystal growth to defect and inhomogeneity detection. A number of technologies (such as LBIC, EBIC and LPS) have been developed which allow the detection of doping variations via photovoltaic effects. The idea is to illuminate the sample at several positions and detect the resulting voltage drop or current at the contacts. We model a general class of such photovoltaic technologies by ill-posed global and local inverse problems based on a drift-diffusion system which describes charge transport in a self-consistent electrical field. The doping profile is included as a parametric field. To numerically solve a physically relevant local inverse problem, we present three approaches, based on least squares, multilayer perceptrons, and residual neural networks. Our data-driven methods reconstruct the doping profile for a given spatially varying voltage signal induced by a laser scan along the sample’s surface. The methods are trained on synthetic data sets which are generated by finite volume solutions of the forward problem. While the linear least square method yields an average absolute error around 10%, the nonlinear networks roughly halve this error to 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Differential Expression of lncRNA CASC2 in the Serum of Childhood Asthma and Its Role in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration

Author

Yang Y, Sun Z, Ren T, and Lei W

Subjects
asthma, lncrna casc2, mir-31-5p, asmcs, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Yane Yang,1 Zhihong Sun,1 Tingting Ren,1 Wei Lei2 1Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Chang ‘an District Hospital, Xi‘an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhihong Sun, Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, 167 Fang Dong Street, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2983553606, Email srrdge766@163.comPurpose: Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of asthma. The present study aimed to explore the expression change and clinical value of lncRNA CASC2 in asthma, and further investigate its potential mechanism.Patients and Methods: Seventy asthma children and 66 healthy controls were recruited. Levels of mRNAs were detected using qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for diagnostic value evaluation. Asthma cell models were established using PDGF-BB in Human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Levels of Th1/Th2 related cytokines were detected using ELISA. Lipofectamine 3000 was used for cell transfection. The target relationship was verified using luciferase activity assay.Results: CASC2 was at a low level in asthma children in comparison with the healthy controls. Serum CASC2 can distinguish healthy individuals from asthma children. Overexpression of CASC2 inhibited PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation and migration. CASC2 upregulation inhibited the release of Th2 related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), but promoted the release of Th1-related cytokine (IFN-γ). In PDGF-BB treated ASMCs, the reduced expression of contractile phenotype marker (α-SMA) was detected, but the trend was reversed by CASC2 upregulation. LncRNA CASC2 serves as a ceRNA of miR-31-5p, overexpression of miR-31-5p reversed the influence of CASC2 on asthma in vitro.Conclusion: Serum CASC2 can distinguish healthy individuals from asthma children. CASC2 may be involved in childhood asthma through inhibiting ASMCs proliferation, migration and inflammation via sponging miR-31-5p.Keywords: asthma, lncRNA CASC2, miR-31-5p, ASMCs

Published
2022

23. Mediastinal Small Cell Carcinoma with Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis: A Rare Case Report

Author

Hu M, Chai S, Lei W, Liao K, and Zhang R

Subjects
mediastinal small cell carcinoma, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, cryptococcus neoformans, immunodeficiency, therapy, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Mengjie Hu,1,&ast; Songling Chai,2,&ast; Wenyi Lei,1 Kexin Liao,1 Rongxin Zhang1 1Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongxin ZhangDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8617709873080Fax +86-411-84672130Email zrx_1980@126.comAbstract: Cutaneous cryptococcosis, an infectious disease resulting from Cryptococcus neoformans, primarily affects immunodeficient individuals. Here, we report a case of mediastinal small cell carcinoma (MSCC) complicated with multiple skin and soft tissue infections mimicking erysipelas and cellulitis. Antibiotics for bacteria were ineffective and a culture of pus from the infected areas revealed Cryptococcus neoformans in this patient. The absence of any evidence indicative of systemic cryptococcal infection leads to a final diagnosis of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC). Following two weeks of fluconazole at 400 mg/day and 200 mg/day for the subsequent three months, combined with incision, irrigation and drainage, the wound gradually healed. An analysis and discussion of the clinical features of this patient are presented. This case alerts clinicians as to the possibility of Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with advanced malignant tumors complicated with multiple skin and soft tissue infections. While a timely diagnosis and treatment of PCC in this patient resulted in a favorable outcome, the patient succumbed to the malignant tumor at six months post-discharge.Keywords: mediastinal small cell carcinoma, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, immunodeficiency, therapy

Published
2021

26. Deep Learning for Diagnosis and Classification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nasal Airflow-Based Multi-Resolution Residual Network

Author

Yue H, Lin Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Guo X, Huang Y, Wen W, Zhao G, Pang X, and Lei W

Subjects
deep learning, nasal airflow, obstructive sleep apnea, residual network, Psychiatry, RC435-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Huijun Yue,1,* Yu Lin,1,* Yitao Wu,2,* Yongquan Wang,1 Yun Li,1 Xueqin Guo,1 Ying Huang,3 Weiping Wen,1 Gansen Zhao,2 Xiongwen Pang,2 Wenbin Lei1 1Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenbin LeiOtorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13922113299Email leiwb@mail.sysu.edu.cnXiongwen PangSchool of Computer Science, South China Normal University, 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18620638848Email augepang@scnu.edu.cnPurpose: This study evaluated a novel approach for diagnosis and classification of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), called Obstructive Sleep Apnea Smart System (OSASS), using residual networks and single-channel nasal pressure airflow signals.Methods: Data were collected from the sleep center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and the Integrative Department of Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital. We developed a new model called the multi-resolution residual network (Mr-ResNet) based on a residual network to detect nasal pressure airflow signals recorded by polysomnography (PSG) automatically. The performance of the model was assessed by its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score. We built OSASS based on Mr-ResNet to estimate the apnea‒hypopnea index (AHI) and to classify the severity of OSA, and compared the agreement between OSASS output and the registered polysomnographic technologist (RPSGT) score, assessed by two technologists.Results: In the primary test set, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score of Mr-ResNet were 90.8%, 90.5%, 91.2%, and 90.5%, respectively. In the independent test set, the Spearman correlation for AHI between OSASS and the RPSGT score determined by two technologists was 0.94 (p < 0.001) and 0.96 (p < 0.001), respectively. Cohen’s Kappa scores for classification between OSASS and the two technologists’ scores were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively.Conclusion: Our results indicated that OSASS can automatically diagnose and classify OSA using signals from a single-channel nasal pressure airflow, which is consistent with polysomnographic technologists’ findings. Thus, OSASS holds promise for clinical application.Keywords: deep learning, nasal airflow, obstructive sleep apnea, residual network

Published
2021

34. Magnetically Torqued Neutrino-Dominated Accretion Flows for Gamma-ray Bursts

Author

Lei, W. H., Wang, D. X., Zhang, L., Gan, Z. M., Zou, Y. C., and Xie, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Recent observations and theoretical work on gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) favor the central engine model of a Kerr black hole (BH) surrounded by a magnetized neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF). The magnetic coupling between the BH and disk through a large-scale closed magnetic field exerts a torque on the disk, and transports the rotational energy from the BH to the disk. We investigate the properties of the NDAF with this magnetic torque. For a rapid spinning BH, the magnetic torque transfers enormous rotational energy from BH into the inner disk. There are two consequences: (i) the luminosity of neutrino annihilation is greatly augmented; (ii) the disk becomes thermally and viscously unstable in the inner region, and behaves S-Shape of the surface density versus accretion rate. It turns out that magnetically torqued NDAF can be invoked to interpret the variability of gamma-ray luminosity. In addition, we discuss the possibility of restarting the central engine to produce the X-ray flares with required energy., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2009
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36. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Acts As A Tumor Suppressor In Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via miR-21

Author

Lyu K, Xu Y, Yue H, Li Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Wu J, Zhu X, Chai L, Li C, Wen W, and Lei W

Subjects
Long noncoding RNA, GAS5, LSCC, miR-21, proliferation, apoptosis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Kexing Lyu,1,* Yang Xu,1,* Huijun Yue,1 Yun Li,1 Jing Zhao,2 Lin Chen,1 Jianhui Wu,3 Xiaolin Zhu,1 Liping Chai,1 Chunwei Li,1 Weiping Wen,1 Wenbin Lei1 1Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Heibei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Otolaryngology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Weiping Wen; Wenbin LeiDepartment of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 8733 3733Fax +86 20 8733 3108Email wenwp@mail.sysu.edu.cn; leiwb@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as an important class of noncoding RNAs that are deeply involved in multiple biological processes in tumorigenesis. This study is to investigate the critical roles and biological function of lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) in tumorigenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).Patients and methods: A total of 59 samples of LSCC and paired adjacent tissue, as well as corresponding clinicopathological information were collected. GAS5 expression in both LSCC tissues and human SUN1076 and SNU899 cell lines were analyzed by Real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. Ectopic expression of GAS5 by vector transfection in LSCC cell lines and followed by in vitro experiments was to investigate the critical roles and function of GAS5 in LSCC. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay and PE/7AAD Annexin V Apoptosis analysis was to evaluate cell proliferation ability and cell apoptosis. Co-transfection of GAS5 and miR-21 was to explore the interaction between GAS5 and miR-21 in LSCC. BAX and CDK6 protein level were analyzed by western blot method.Results: This study demonstrated that GAS5 was significantly downregulated in LSCC tissue and human LSCC cell lines. GAS5 levels were correlated with the clinicopathological features of LSCC patients. In addition, the ectopic expression of GAS5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Co-expression analyses indicated that GAS5 is negatively correlated with miR-21 in LSCC tissues. Overexpression of miR-21 eliminated GAS5-mediated cell apoptosis and proliferation suppression. Furthermore, GAS5, which upregulated BAX mRNA expression and downregulated CDK6 mRNA expression, was reversed by ectopic expression of miR-21.Conclusion: GAS5 suppresses LSCC progression through the negative regulation of miR-21 and its targets involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that GAS5 may serve as a biomarker and potential target for LSCC therapy.Keywords: long noncoding RNA, GAS5, LSCC, miR-21, proliferation, apoptosis

Published
2019

37. PUF60 accelerates the progression of breast cancer through down-regulation of PTEN expression

Author

Sun D, Lei W, Hou X, Li H, and Ni W

Subjects
PUF60, PTEN, PI3K/AKT, breast cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Dongying Sun,* Wei Lei,* Xiaodong Hou, Hui Li, Wenlu Ni Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: PUF60 is a splicing variant of far upstream element binding protein 1-interacting repressor, which is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and is closely involved in their progression. However, whether PUF60 participates in the occurrence and development of breast cancer remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to explore the effects and mechanism of PUF60 in the progression of breast cancer. Methods: PUF60 expression patterns in breast cancer tissues and cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The relationship between PUF60 expression and patients’ clinical features and outcome was evaluated to assess the potential of PUF60 as a marker for progression and prognosis prediction. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell and in vivo tumor formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis. The effects of PUF60 on the activation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT were also evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Results: The expression of PUF60 was elevated in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines, and its high expression was closely associated with the high incidence of lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Besides, upregulation of PUF60 with lentivirus infection significantly increased the growth, migration, and invasion and repressed the apoptosis of breast cancer HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cells, while silencing of PUF60 with shRNA showed the opposite results. Moreover, PUF60 upregulation promoted the expression of p-AKT, PI3K, and mTOR, while decreased PTEN expression through inhibiting its stability and enhancing its ubiquitination. Furthermore, upregulation of PUF60 promoted the tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas this effect was impaired when PTEN expression was upregulated in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PUF60 is highly expressed in breast cancer; upregulation of PUF60 accelerates the progression of breast cancer through PTEN inhibition. Keywords: PUF60, PTEN, PI3K/AKT, breast cancer, proliferation, tumorigenesis

Published
2019

38. A model of the light curves of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author

Lei, W. H., Wang, D. X., Gong, B. P., and Huang, C. Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

An extreme Kerr black hole (BH) surrounded by a precessing disk is invoked to explain the light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) based on the coexistence of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) and the magnetic coupling (MC) processes. The overall shape of the light curves and the duration of GRBs are interpreted by the evolution of the half-opening angle of the magnetic flux on the BH horizon, and the complex temporal structures are modulated by the precession and nutation of the jet powered by the BZ process. The time profile of the emission exhibits a fast rise and a slow decay due to the effect of the evolution of the half-opening angle. The light curves of several GRBs are well fitted by this model with only six free parameters., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2007
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42. A Toy Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts in Type Ib/C Supernovae

Author

Lei, W. H., Wang, D. X., and Ma, R. Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A toy model for gamma-ray burst-supernovae (GRB-SN) is discussed by considering the coexistence of baryon poor outflows from black holes (BHs) and a powerful spin-connection to surrounding disk, giving rise to consistent calorimetry as described by van Putten (2001a) in a variant of the Blandford-Znajek process (BZ, 1977). In this model the half-opening angle of the magnetic flux tube on the horizon is determined by the mapping relation between the angular coordinate on the BH horizon and the radial coordinate on the surrounding accretion disk. The GRB is powered by the baryon poor outflows in the BZ process, and the associated SN is powered by very small fraction of the spin energy transferred from the BH to the disk in the magnetic coupling (MC) process. The timescale of the GRB is fitted by the duration of the open magnetic flux on the horizon. It turns out that the data of several GRB-SNe are well fitted with our model., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by ApJ

Published
2004
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43. Screw instability of the magnetic field connecting a rotating black hole with its surrounding disk

Author

Wang, D. X., Ma, R. Y., Lei, W. H., and Yao, G. Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Screw instability of the magnetic field connecting a rotating black hole (BH) with its surrounding disk is discussed based on the model of the coexistence of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process and the magnetic coupling (MC) process (CEBZMC). A criterion for the screw instability with the state of CEBZMC is derived based on the calculations of the poloidal and toroidal components of the magnetic field on the disk. It is shown by the criterion that the screw instability will occur, if the BH spin and the power-law index for the variation of the magnetic field on the disk are greater than some critical values. It turns out that the instability occurs outside some critical radii on the disk. It is argued that the state of CEBZMC always accompanies the screw instability. In addtition, we show that the screw instability contributes only a small fraction of magnetic extraction of energy from a rotating BH., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures; Accepted by ApJ

Published
2003
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44. Magnetic coupling of a rotating black hole with its surrounding accretion disk

Author

Wang, D. X., Ma, R. Y., Lei, W. H., and Yao, G. Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Effects of magnetic coupling (MC) of a rotating black hole (BH) with its surrounding accretion disk are discussed in detail in the following aspects: (i) The mapping relation between the angular coordinate on the BH horizon and the radial coordinate on the disk is modified based on a more reasonable configuration of magnetic field, and a condition for coexistence of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) and the MC process is derived. (ii) The transfer direction of energy and angular momentum in MC process is described equivalently by the co-rotation radius and by the flow of electromagnetic angular momentum and redshifted energy, where the latter is based on an assumption that the theory of BH magnetosphere is applicable to both the BZ and MC processes. (iii) The profile of the current on the BH horizon and that of the current density flowing from the magnetosphere onto the horizon are given in terms of the angular coordinate of the horizon. It is shown that the current on the BH horizon varies with the latitude of the horizon and is not continuous at the angular boundary between the open and closed magnetic field lines. (iv) The MC effects on disk radiation are discussed, and a very steep emissivity is produced by MC process, which is consistent with the recent XMM-Newton observation of the nearby bright Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 by a variety of parameters of the BH-disk system., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures. Accepted by ApJ

Published
2003
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45. An analytic model of rotating hot spot and kHz QPOs in X-ray binaries

Author

Wang, D. X., Ma, R. Y., Lei, W. H., and Yao, G. Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

An analytic model of rotating hot spot is proposed to explain kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPO) in X-ray binaries, which is based on the magnetic coupling (MC) of a rotating black hole (BH) with its surrounding accretion disc. The hot spot in the inner region of the disc is produced by energy transferred from a spinning BH with non-axisymmetric magnetic field. The frequency and energy band of the hot spot turns out to be related to six parameters, by which the strength and the azimuthal angular region of the bulging magnetic field on the BH horizon, the mass and spin of the BH, and the power-law index of the magnetic field varying with the radial coordinate on the disc are described. In addition, the correlation of the fluctuation of the bulging magnetic field with the widths of QPO frequency is discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 15 figures

Published
2003
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46. Transfer of energy and angular momentum in magnetic coupling process

Author

Wang, D. X., Lei, W. H., and Ma, R. Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The transfer of energy and angular momentum in the magnetic coupling (MC) of a rotating black hole (BH) with its surrounding accretion disc is discussed based on a mapping relation derived by considering the conservation of magnetic flux with two basic assumptions: (i)the magnetic field on the horizon is constant, (ii) the magnetic field on the disc surface varies as a power law with the radial coordinate of the disc. The following results are obtained: (i) the transfer direction of energy and angular momentum between the BH and the disc depends on the position of a co-rotation radius relative to the MC region on the disc, which is eventually determined by the BH spin; (ii) the evolution characteristics of a rotating BH in the MC process without disc accretion are depicted in a parameter space, and a series of values of the BH spin are given to indicate the evolution characteristics; (iii) the efficiency of converting accreted mass into radiation energy of a BH-disc system is discussed by considering coexistence of disc accretion and the MC process; (iv) the MC effects on disc radiation and emissivity index are discussed and it is concluded that they are consistent with the recent XMM-Newton observation of the nearby bright Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 with reference to a variety of parameters of the BH-disc system., Comment: 10 pages, 19 figures, accepted by MNRAS

Published
2003

48. Evolution characteristics of central black hole of magnetized accretion disc

Author

Wang, D. X., Xiao, K., and Lei, W. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Evolution characteristics of a Kerr black hole (BH) are investigated by considering coexistence of disc accretion with the Blandford-Znajek process (the BZ process). (i) The rate of extracting energy from the rotating BH in the BZ process and that in MC process are expressed by a unified formula, which is derived by using an improved equivalent cicuit. (ii) The mapping relation between the angular coordinate on the BH horizon and the radial coordinate on the disc is given in the context of general relativity and conservation of magnetic flux. (iii) The power and torque in the BZ process are compared with those in MC process in detail. (iv)Evolution characteristics of the BH and energy extracting efficiency are discussed by using the characteristics functions of BH evolution in the corresponding parameter space. (v) Power dissipation on the BH horizon and BH entropy increase are discussed by considering the coexistence of the above energy mechanisms., Comment: 11 pages, 19 figures

Published
2002
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49. The association of neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 with pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD patients

Author

Wang CG, Li C, Lei W, Jiang JH, Huang JA, and Zeng DX

Subjects
pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, neuron-derived orphan receptor 1, cyclin D1, hypoxia, pulmonary vascular remodeling, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Chang-Guo Wang,1,* Chang Li,2,* Wei Lei,1 Jun-Hong Jiang,1 Jian-An Huang,1 Da-Xiong Zeng1 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous reports indicate that neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) promoted pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. But it remains unclear whether NOR1 participated into hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD patients. Patients and methods: For this study, we collected peripheral lung tissues of 26 male COPD patients with or without hypoxemia. We detected the pulmonary vascular remodeling in all the peripheral lung tissues. Primary human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells were also cultured in vitro and stimulated with hypoxia or normoxia. Cell proliferation and protein levels were detected.Results: COPD patients with hypoxemia showed significantly enlarged pulmonary vessels wall thickness and increased protein levels of HIF-1α, smooth muscle actin, cyclin D1, and NOR1 when compared with those in normoxic patients. Moreover, hypoxia induced human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and NOR1 overexpression in vitro. The plasmid-based NOR1 gene overexpression markedly promoted DNA synthesis and proliferation in hypoxia or normoxic cells. Human NOR1 gene-specific siRNA intensively suppressed DNA synthesis and proliferation. Transfection of NOR1 overexpression plasmid raised cyclin D1 protein levels, which could be significant inhibited by NOR1-specific siRNA or a CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991.Conclusion: We concluded that NOR1 upregulation is associated with hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD via promoting human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Keywords: pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, neuron-derived orphan receptor 1, cyclin D1, hypoxia, pulmonary vascular remodeling

Published
2018

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