354 results on '"Lehto, J."'
Search Results
2. Quality of anticoagulation and outcomes after mechanical aortic valve replacement in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
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Lehto, J, primary, Bjorn, R, additional, Halminen, O, additional, Linna, M, additional, Haukka, J, additional, Putaala, J, additional, Mustonen, P, additional, Kinnunen, J, additional, Hartikainen, J, additional, Airaksinen, K E J, additional, Kiviniemi, T O, additional, and Lehto, M, additional
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- 2023
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3. The specific sorption of Np(V) on the corundum (α-Al2O3) surface in the presence of trivalent lanthanides Eu(III) and Gd(III): A batch sorption and XAS study
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Virtanen, S., Bok, F., Ikeda-Ohno, A., Rossberg, A., Lützenkirchen, J., Rabung, T., Lehto, J., and Huittinen, N.
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- 2016
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4. Marked deterioration in the quality of life of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during the last two years of life
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Rajala, K., Lehto, J. T., Sutinen, E., Kautiainen, H., Myllärniemi, M., and Saarto, T.
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- 2018
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5. The microbial impact on the sorption behaviour of selenite in an acidic, nutrient-poor boreal bog
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Lusa, M., Bomberg, M., Aromaa, H., Knuutinen, J., and Lehto, J.
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- 2015
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6. Factors affecting the sorption of cesium in a nutrient-poor boreal bog
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Lusa, M., Bomberg, M., Virtanen, S., Lempinen, J., Aromaa, H., Knuutinen, J., and Lehto, J.
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- 2015
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7. Sorption of radioiodide in an acidic, nutrient-poor boreal bog: insights into the microbial impact
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Lusa, M., Bomberg, M., Aromaa, H., Knuutinen, J., and Lehto, J.
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- 2015
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8. Palliative-care nurses’ and physicians’ descriptions of the competencies needed in their working units
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Melender, H.-L. (Hanna-Leena), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T), Hirvonen, O. (Outi), Melender, H.-L. (Hanna-Leena), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T), and Hirvonen, O. (Outi)
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Background: Specialists were asked to describe the most essential palliative and end-of-life care competencies needed in their working units, in order to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon. Aim: To describe the most essential competencies of palliative-care nurses and physicians. Methods: The data was collected using an open-ended question in a survey sent to registered nurses (n=129) working within palliative care and to physicians (n=64) with a special competency in palliative care. The data was analysed using content analysis. Results: The description of the most essential competencies included 16 main categories and 63 subcategories in total. The three strongest main categories were ‘clinical competence’, ‘competence in social interactions’ and ‘competence in giving support’. Eleven main categories were based on both nurses’ and physicians’ data, while five main categories were created from nurses’ data only. Conclusions: Interprofessional palliative-care education is recommended for the undergraduate and postgraduate education of nurses and physicians.
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- 2022
9. Nursing students’ views of the content of palliative care in undergraduate education and their self-assessed palliative care competence:a nationwide cross-sectional study
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Hökkä, M. (Minna), Pölkki, T. (Tarja), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Pölkki, T. (Tarja), and Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.)
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Background: The importance of integrating palliative care (PC) education into undergraduate nursing studies has been recognized. Still, there is considerable variation in the PC education of nurses. Objective: To study the nursing students’ views of the PC contents during the nursing education; students’ self-assessed levels of PC competence; and whether prior education or work experience influence these views. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was tested for its content and construct validity and internal consistency. The sample consisted of final-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 1331) from Finland. Results: The response rate was 94%. Of the students, 94.4% considered PC education to be quite or very useful, but only 51.9% reported the achieved PC teaching as quite or very good. Teaching on mental symptoms, existential issues and multicultural aspects were considered incomplete. Over half of the students wanted more education on pharmacological- and non-pharmacological pain management. Students with previous education assessed their PC competence as quite or very good more often than other students (70.1% vs. 54%, P < .001), and more often felt that these competencies are relevant to their profession (72.2% vs. 57.6%, P < .001). Conclusions: PC was considered as a useful subject, still only about half of the students reported the received PC education and their competence on PC as sufficient. Previous education or experience may enhance PC competence highlighting the need for divergent teaching. The results identify development needs for the contents of PC education in undergraduate nursing studies.
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- 2022
10. The effect of teaching methods in palliative care education for undergraduate nursing and medical students:a systematic review
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Hökkä, M. (Minna), Rajala, M. (Mira), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Pesonen, H.-M. (Hanna-Mari), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Rajala, M. (Mira), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), and Pesonen, H.-M. (Hanna-Mari)
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Background/Objectives: Palliative care should be seen as a human right and should be integrated into the healthcare system. Adequate palliative care education is seen as a facilitator to develop the integration of palliative care. Aims: To synthesize evidence of the effect of different teaching methods used in palliative care education to students’ competences, knowledge, attitude, or skills. Methods: Systematic review. Four databases (CINAHL, Eric, PubMed and Scopus) were searched, identifying 16 articles. Findings: Simulations, lectures, films and a humanistic approach all had a positive effect on students’ attitudes to care of a dying person. Problem-based learning, simulations and elective courses increased students’ knowledge of palliative care. Game interventions in education, decreased students’ fear of death and communication with dying patients and relatives became easier. Conclusions: Education interventions had positive effects on students’ attitudes and knowledge. However, there is a need for rigorous research about effective palliative care interventions using randomized designs, research about the effects of blended learning.
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- 2022
11. Late incidence and recurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement
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Björn, R. (Rikhard), Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Airaksinen, K. E. (K. E. Juhani), Hartikainen, J. E. (Juha E. K.), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Gunn, J. (Jarmo), Kiviniemi, T. O. (Tuomas O.), Björn, R. (Rikhard), Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Airaksinen, K. E. (K. E. Juhani), Hartikainen, J. E. (Juha E. K.), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Gunn, J. (Jarmo), and Kiviniemi, T. O. (Tuomas O.)
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Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. More knowledge is needed about long-term AF recurrence and adverse outcomes related to new-onset AF (NOAF) during the index hospitalization. Methods: A total of 1073 patients underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement at the 4 participating hospitals (2002-2014). After the exclusion of patients with a history of any preoperative AF, the final study population included 529 patients in the bioprosthetic and 253 patients in the mechanical valve prosthesis cohort. Median follow-up time was 5.4 (interquartile range, 3.4-8.2) years in the combined cohort. Results: Altogether 333 (42.6%) patients had in-hospital NOAF and 250 (32.0%) AF after hospital discharge. In the mechanical cohort, 64 (25.3%) experienced in-hospital NOAF and 74 (29.2%) AF after hospital discharge, whereas in the bioprosthetic cohort, 269 (50.9%) patients had in-hospital NOAF and 176 (33.3%) AF after hospital discharge. Patients with NOAF during the index hospital stay had a multifold risk of AF after hospital discharge in the combined cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.82-4.81; P < .0001) as well as in both cohorts separately (bioprosthetic: HR, 4.35; 95% CI, 3.05-6.22; P < .001; mechanical: HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.59-4.03; P < .001). Patients with an in-hospital NOAF also had a significantly higher adjusted risk of death during the follow-up in the mechanical (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.10-3.82; P = .025) and bioprosthetic (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.17-2.28; P = .004) valve prosthesis cohorts. Conclusions: NOAF during the index hospitalization is associated with a 2- to 4-fold risk of later AF and 1.6- to 2.0-fold risk of all-cause mortality after mechanical and bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement.
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- 2022
12. Health-related quality of life in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with curative resection and/or local ablative therapy or systemic therapy in the Finnish RAXO-study
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Lehtomäki, K. (Kaisa), Stedt, H. P. (Hanna P.), Osterlund, E. (Emerik), Muhonen, T. (Timo), Soveri, L.-M. (Leena-Maija), Halonen, P. (Päivi), Salminen, T. K. (Tapio K.), Kononen, J. (Juha), Kallio, R. (Raija), Ålgars, A. (Annika), Heervä, E. (Eetu), Lamminmäki, A. (Annamarja), Uutela, A. (Aki), Nordin, A. (Arno), Lehto, J. (Juho), Saarto, T. (Tiina), Sintonen, H. (Harri), Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P.-L. (Pirkko-Liisa), Ristamäki, R. (Raija), Glimelius, B. (Bengt), Isoniemi, H. (Helena), Osterlund, P. (Pia), Lehtomäki, K. (Kaisa), Stedt, H. P. (Hanna P.), Osterlund, E. (Emerik), Muhonen, T. (Timo), Soveri, L.-M. (Leena-Maija), Halonen, P. (Päivi), Salminen, T. K. (Tapio K.), Kononen, J. (Juha), Kallio, R. (Raija), Ålgars, A. (Annika), Heervä, E. (Eetu), Lamminmäki, A. (Annamarja), Uutela, A. (Aki), Nordin, A. (Arno), Lehto, J. (Juho), Saarto, T. (Tiina), Sintonen, H. (Harri), Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P.-L. (Pirkko-Liisa), Ristamäki, R. (Raija), Glimelius, B. (Bengt), Isoniemi, H. (Helena), and Osterlund, P. (Pia)
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Metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients often provide long-term survival. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data in curatively treated mCRC are limited. In the RAXO-study that evaluated repeated resectability, a multi-cross-sectional HRQoL substudy with 15D, EQ-5D-3L, QLQ-C30, and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires was conducted. Mean values of patients in different treatment groups were compared with age- and gender-standardized general Finnish populations. The questionnaire completion rate was 444/477 patients (93%, 1751 questionnaires). Mean HRQoL was 0.89–0.91 with the 15D, 0.85–0.87 with the EQ-5D, 68–80 with the EQ-5D-VAS, and 68–79 for global health status during curative treatment phases, with improvements in the remission phase (disease-free >18 months). In the remission phase, mean EQ-5D and 15D scores were similar to the general population. HRQoL remained stable during first- to later-line treatments, when the aim was no longer cure, and declined notably when tumour-controlling therapy was no longer meaningful. The symptom burden affecting mCRC survivors’ well-being included insomnia, impotence, urinary frequency, and fatigue. Symptom burden was lower after treatment and slightly higher, though stable, through all phases of systemic therapy. HRQoL was high in curative treatment phases, further emphasizing the strategy of metastasectomy in mCRC when clinically meaningful.
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- 2022
13. Finnish nursing students’ perceptions of the development needs in palliative care education and factors influencing learning in undergraduate nursing studies:a qualitative study
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Hökkä, M. (Minna), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Kyngäs, H. (Helvi), Pölkki, T. (Tarja), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Kyngäs, H. (Helvi), and Pölkki, T. (Tarja)
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Background: Nurses have an essential role in providing high-quality palliative care to patients and their families. Hence, they require adequate palliative care education. However, there is only limited insight into how final-year nursing students perceive palliative care education in undergraduate nursing programs. This study aimed to describe nursing students’ perspectives of the development needs of palliative care education. An additional two aims emerged based on the collected data, namely, to describe the preferred education for palliative care and the factors which promote or hinder palliative care learning during undergraduate nursing studies. Methods: The research was guided by a descriptive qualitative approach and applied inductive content analysis. The frequencies (f) of identified codes (reduced expressions) were counted to show the noteworthiness of each category in relation to the entirety. The participants were final-year nursing students (n = 766) who had participated in a national survey. Results: The inductive content analysis identified three unifying categories. The first was ‘Development needs and views of palliative care education’ (f = 524), which consisted of the main categories ‘the need to develop palliative care education’ (f = 414) and ‘meaning of palliative care and its education’ (f = 110). Secondly ‘Preferred types of palliative care education’ (f = 1379), including the main categories ‘teaching contents in palliative care education’ (f = 905), ‘teaching methods for palliative care learning’ (f = 393), and ‘placement of palliative care studies’ (f = 81). Thirdly ‘The facilitators and barriers to palliative care learning’ (f = 401), consisting of the main categories ‘factors facilitating palliative care learning’ (f = 66) and ‘barriers to palliative care learning’ (f = 335). Conclusions: This study provides detailed information about nursing student’s perspectives of palliative care education and its development needs. Hence
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- 2022
14. Palliative care nursing competencies and undergraduate nursing students’ views of palliative care education
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Pölkki, T. (Tarja), Lehto, J. (Juho), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Pölkki, T. (Tarja), Lehto, J. (Juho), and Hökkä, M. (Minna)
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The main aim of this study was to describe the palliative care (PC) nursing competencies required from nurses on different PC levels and to examine nursing students’ views of PC education. The study consisted of three phases: (I) an integrative systematic review (sub-study I), (II) a descriptive qualitative study (sub-study II) and (III) a cross-sectional survey (sub-studies III-IV). Sub-study I included 21 studies (n=7470 participants) from five databases. Based on a review, using thematic analysis, PC competencies merged from the data, namely collaboration, communication, cultural, clinical, psychosocial, spiritual, ethico-legal and leadership competence. A research gap of PC competencies required in different levels of PC provision was identified. In qualitative sub-study II, multidisciplinary groups of professionals (n=222) defined the PC nursing competencies required in different levels of PC. The competencies required in the basic level consisted of many competencies such as symptom management, supporting and encounters competencies. The competencies required in the specialist level included competencies such as maintaining expertise, advanced symptom management as also research and development competencies. In quantitative sub-study III, final year nursing students (n=1331) responded to a questionnaire and assessed the coverage of PC content in their education and their self-assessed competence of the subject. The students assessed that education on mental symptoms, existential issues and multicultural aspects were covered incompletely. Over half of the students wanted more education on pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management. Almost all students considered PC as a useful subject, but only about half of them assessed their competence within PC as sufficient. In qualitative sub-study IV, final year nursing students (n=766) responded to the open-ended question in the survey and described their views of palliative care education. Based o, Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena oli kuvata sairaanhoitajan osaamista palliatiivisen hoidon eri tasoilla ja selvittää sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden näkemyksiä palliatiivisen koulutuksen opetuksesta. Tutkimus koostui kolmesta vaiheesta: (I) integroitu järjestelmällinen katsaus (osatutkimus I), (II) kuvaileva laadullinen tutkimus (osatutkimus II) ja (III) poikkileikkaustutkimus (osatutkimukset III-IV). Osatutkimuksessa I oli 21 tutkimusta (n=7470) viidestä tietokannasta. Katsauksessa palliatiivisen hoidon osaamisalueiksi muodostuivat temaattisen analyysin mukaan; yhteistyö-, kommunikointi- ja kulttuuriosaaminen, kliininen, psykososiaalinen, spirituaalinen ja eettinen osaaminen sekä laki- ja johtamisosaaminen. Palliatiivisen hoidon eri tasoilla tarvittavasta osaamisesta löytyi niukasti tutkimustietoa. Laadullisessa osatutkimuksessa II ammattilaiset (n=222) määrittelivät palliatiivisen hoidon eri tasoilla tarvittavaa hoitotyön osaamista. Perustasolla osaaminen koostui osaamisalueista, kuten oireiden hoidon, tukemisen ja kohtaamisen osaaminen. Erityistason osaaminen koostui osaamisalueista, kuten asiantuntijuuden ylläpito, vaativan oirehoidon, tutkimuksen ja kehittämisen osaamisesta. Määrällisessä osatutkimuksessa III viimeisen vuoden sairaanhoitajaopiskelijat (n=1331) vastasivat kyselylomakkeeseen, jossa he arvioivat palliatiivisen hoidon sisältöjä koulutuksessa ja omaa osaamistaan aiheesta. Opiskelijat arvioivat, että psyykkisiä oireita, eksistentiaalisia kysymyksiä ja monikulttuurisia näkökulmia ei käsitelty riittävästi opetuksessa. Yli puolet opiskelijoista toivoi lisää koulutusta lääkkeellisestä ja lääkkeettömästä kivunhoidosta. Lähes kaikki pitivät aihetta hyödyllisenä, mutta vain noin puolet heistä arvioi palliatiivisen hoidon osaamisen riittäväksi. Laadullisessa osatutkimuksessa IV viimeisen vuoden sairaanhoitajaopiskelijat (n=766) vastasivat kyselylomakkeen avoimeen kysymykseen ja kuvasivat näkemyksiään palliatiivisen hoidon koulutuksesta. Sisällönanalyys
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- 2022
15. A proton NMR study on the specific sorption of yttrium(III) and europium(III) on gamma-alumina [γ-Al2O3]
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Huittinen, N., Sarv, P., and Lehto, J.
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- 2011
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16. Recent Results in Developing NbTi Fine Filament Superconductors
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Teuho, J., Erkolahti, T., Haasjoki, P., Lehto, J., Liikamaa, R., Vanhatalo, V., and Nonte, John, editor
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- 1992
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17. Parodontiitti ja Alzheimerin tauti
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Lehto, J. (Jenna)
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Tiivistelmä. Parodontiitti on lähinnä gram-negatiivisten bakteerien aiheuttama hampaan kiinnityskudoksen tulehdustila. Myös Alzheimerin tautiin liittyy vahvasti tulehdustila. Tämän vuoksi on mielenkiintoista tarkastella, miten suun alueen krooninen tulehduksellinen tila, suusta verenkierron kautta muualle elimistöön levinneet mikrobit ja näiden aiheuttama systeeminen tulehdus voisivat mahdollisesti vaikuttaa aivojen tulehdukselliseen tilaan, Alzheimerin taudin kehittymiseen ja sen etenemiseen. Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on käydä läpi erilaisia poikittaistutkimuksia, pitkittäistutkimuksia ja systemaattisia katsausartikkeleita liittyen parodontiitin ja Alzheimerin taudin välillä vallitsevaan yhteyteen ja pohtia erityisesti parodontiitin roolia Alzheimerin taudin synnyssä. Mielenkiintoinen kysymys on, voitaisiinko Alzheimerin tautia mahdollisesti tulevaisuudessa ehkäistä parodontiumin hyvällä hoidolla. Parodontiitissa verenkiertoon voi päästä bakteereja. Bakteerit kulkeutuvat verenkierrosta helposti aivoihin. Alzheimerin tautia sairastavan potilaan aivoihin kertyneestä amyloidi-β:sta on löydetty laaja-alaisesti bakteereja ja niiden toksiineja. Alzheimerin tautiin yhdistettyihin bakteereihin kuuluu myös parodontiittibakteereja, kuten P.gingivalis ja T.denticola. Parodontiittibakteerien pinnalla on lipopolysakkarideja (LPS), jotka sisältävät proteolyyttisiä entsyymejä sekä amyloidi-β:n kaltaisia funktionaalisia amyloideja. LPS sekä amyloidi-β ovat vastustuskykyisiä hajoamiselle. Amyloidit kulkevat veriaivoesteen läpi ja muodostavat Alzheimerin taudille ominaisia, aivoille sytotoksisia seniiliplakkeja. LPS:a sisältävät bakteerit aiheuttavat Alzheimerin taudissakin havaitun tulehdustilan keskushermostossa. Parodontiitissa verenkiertoon päässeet tulehduksen välittäjäaineet, sytokiinit, stimuloivat aivoihin päästyään aivojen omia kudossyöjäsoluja, mikrogliasoluja, ja ne alkavat tuottamaan omia sytokiineja, jotka ovat haitallisia hermosoluille. Nuorilla mikrogliasolujen aktivoituminen johtaa reparatiiviseen tulehdusvasteeseen, joka tukahduttaa alkuperäisen proinflammatorisen vasteen. Ikääntyneissä aivoissa tulehdusvaste sen sijaan pahenee. Mikrogliasolut ovat muuttaneet fenotyyppiään agressiiviseen, tulehdukselliseen fenotyypiin. Tällaiseen muutokseen mikroglian fenotyypissä johtaa iän lisäksi amyloidi-β, tauproteiinit ja systeeminen tulehdus. Myös makrofagit ja T-solut pääsevät aivoihin alueilta, joissa veriaivoeste on heikentynyt. Systeemisten tulehdussolujen kudokseen pääsy aiheuttaa adaptiivisten immuunisolujen ilmenemisen ja kudostuhon. Perifeerinen tulehdus indusoi aivojen sytotoksisen amyloidi- β:n tuotantoa.
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- 2021
18. 137Cs, 239,240Pu and 241Am in bottom sediments and surface water of Lake Päijänne, Finland
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Lusa, M., Lehto, J., Leskinen, A., and Jaakkola, T.
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- 2009
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19. Sorption of Cm(III) and Gd(III) onto gibbsite, α-Al(OH) 3: A batch and TRLFS study
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Huittinen, N., Rabung, Th., Lützenkirchen, J., Mitchell, S.C., Bickmore, B.R., Lehto, J., and Geckeis, H.
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- 2009
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20. SO-16 Quality of life in Finnish metastatic colorectal cancer patients actively treated with the aim of maximizing resection and/or local ablative therapy (RAXO-study NCT01531595)
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Osterlund, P., primary, Stedt, H., additional, Lehtomäki, K., additional, Osterlund, E., additional, Muhonen, T., additional, Soveri, L., additional, Halonen, P., additional, Salminen, T., additional, Kallio, R., additional, Ålgars, A., additional, Heervä, E., additional, Lamminmäki, A., additional, Uutela, A., additional, Luukkaala, T., additional, Aho, S., additional, Lehto, J., additional, Saarto, T., additional, Färkkilä, N., additional, Nordin, A., additional, Glimelius, B., additional, Isoniemi, H., additional, and Ristamäki, R., additional
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- 2021
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21. Palliatiivisen hoidon osaamista tutkimus-, kehittämis- ja innovaatiotoiminnalla
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Suikkala, A. (Arja), Melender, H.-L. (Hanna-Leena), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Lehto, J. (Juho), Rajala, M. (Mira), and Hökkä, M. (Minna)
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Tiivistelmä EduPal-hanke on perustunut parhaaseen mahdolliseen näyttöön. Hankkeessa on tuotettu uutta näyttöön perustuva tietoa sähköisten kyselyjen, työpajojen, haastattelujen, opetussuunnitelmaanalyysien ja järjestelmällisten katsausten avulla. Hankkeen tutkimus- ja kehittämistoiminnassa on hyödynnetty laajasti palliatiivisen hoidon ammattilaisten, asiantuntijoiden, opettajien, opiskelijoiden ja kansalaisten näkemyksiä. Ammattikorkeakoulujen ja yliopistojen tutkimus- ja koulutusyhteistyö on mahdollistanut vastavuoroisen asiantuntijuuden jakamisen, joustavat opintopolut ja opetustarjonnan laajentamisen sekä ammattikorkeakoulu- että yliopisto-opiskelijoille. EduPalhanke on ollut kansainvälisesti suunnan näyttäjänä näyttöön perustuvan palliatiivisen hoidon perusopetuksen sekä erikoistumiskoulutusten kehittämisessä. Hoitotyön ja lääketieteen opetussuunnitelmasuositusten juurruttamisen ohella tutkimus-, kehittämis- ja innovaatiotoimintaa tulee jatkossa suunnata simuloituihin ja autenttisiin potilaskontakteihin perustuvaan moniammatilliseen opetukseen sekä opettajien palliatiivisen hoidon opetuksen osaamiseen. Abstract Competence in palliative care through research, development and innovation activities The EduPal-project was based on the best available evidence. The project has produced new evidence-based knowledge through surveys, workshops, interviews, curriculum analyses and systematic reviews. For that purpose, the views of palliative care professionals, experts, teachers, students and citizens have been widely used in the research and development process. Research partnership and educational collaboration between universities of applies sciences and universities have fostered shared expertise between professionals from different faculties and disciplines, offered flexible study paths for students as well as expanded high-quality educational options over educational organizations. The EduPal-project has received international attention through international collaboration and now the development of palliative care education continues also at the European level. In addition to implementing the curriculum recommendations in nursing and medical education, research, development and innovation activities should be focused on in palliative care education for the multidisciplinary personnel and students, especially on use of simulated and authentic patient contacts in education, and teachers’ competence of teaching palliative care.
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- 2021
22. Animal welfare attitudes : Effects of gender and diet in university samples from 22 countries
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Randler, C., Adan, A., Antofie, M. -M, Arrona-Palacios, A., Candido, M., de Pauw, J. B., Chandrakar, P., Demirhan, E., Detsis, V., Di Milia, L., Fančovičová, J., Gericke, Niklas, Haldar, P., Heidari, Z., Jankowski, K. S., Lehto, J. E., Lundell-Creagh, R., Medina-Jerez, W., Meule, A., Milfont, T. L., Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Natale, V., Ortiz-Jiménez, X., Pande, B., Partonen, T., Pati, A. K., Prokop, P., Rahafar, A., Scheuch, M., Sahu, S., Tomažič, I., Tonetti, L., Medina, P. V., van Petegem, P., Vargas, A., Vollmer, C., Randler, C., Adan, A., Antofie, M. -M, Arrona-Palacios, A., Candido, M., de Pauw, J. B., Chandrakar, P., Demirhan, E., Detsis, V., Di Milia, L., Fančovičová, J., Gericke, Niklas, Haldar, P., Heidari, Z., Jankowski, K. S., Lehto, J. E., Lundell-Creagh, R., Medina-Jerez, W., Meule, A., Milfont, T. L., Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Natale, V., Ortiz-Jiménez, X., Pande, B., Partonen, T., Pati, A. K., Prokop, P., Rahafar, A., Scheuch, M., Sahu, S., Tomažič, I., Tonetti, L., Medina, P. V., van Petegem, P., Vargas, A., and Vollmer, C.
- Abstract
Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest variance in AWA was explained by diet, followed by country and gender. In terms of diet, 6385 participants reported to be omnivores, 296 as pescatarian, 637 ate a vegetarian diet and 434 were vegans (n = 162 without answer). Diet was related with CRAS-S scores; people with a vegan diet scored higher in AWA than omnivores. Women scored significantly higher on AWA than men. Furthermore, gender differences in AWA increased as gender inequality decreased. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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- 2021
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23. Palliative nursing competencies required for different levels of palliative care provision:a qualitative analysis of health care professionals’ perspectives
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Hökkä, M. (Minna), Melender, H.-L. (Hanna-Leena), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Melender, H.-L. (Hanna-Leena), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), and Kaakinen, P. (Pirjo)
- Abstract
Background: Nurses must possess adequate competencies to provide high-quality palliative care. Earlier statements have described certain competencies that are relevant for palliative care, yet only limited empirical research has focused on the perspective of health care professionals to clarify which competencies are required for different levels of palliative care provision. Objective: The aim was to describe the required palliative nursing competencies of registered nurses aligned to different levels of palliative care provision, from the perspectives of multiprofessional groups. Design: A qualitative study design. Setting/Subjects: A purposive sample of professionals, working in different levels of palliative care across various settings in Finland, was used to gain information about the aim of the study (n = 222). Measurements: Content analysis was applied to describe the competencies of registered nurses. Results: Competencies relevant to basic palliative care were categorized under 17 main categories, which included a total of 75 subcategories. “Competence in managing the most common symptoms” was the main category that contained the largest number of reduced expressions (f = 75). An analysis of specialist palliative care data yielded 10 main categories, including 49 subcategories, with “Competence in maintaining expertise and taking care of own well-being at work” containing the most reduced expressions. Conclusion: The study provided new knowledge; more specifically, competencies related to encounters and maintaining hope were described as palliative care nursing competences. The results can be used to ensure that palliative nursing education focuses on the competences that are necessary in practice.
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- 2021
24. Heavy metals in bottom sediments of Lake Umbozero in Murmansk Region, Russia
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Jernström, J., Lehto, J., Dauvalter, V. A., Hatakka, A., Leskinen, A., and Paatero, J.
- Published
- 2010
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25. Sleep-related factors: associations with poor attention and depressive symptoms
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Lehto, J. E. and Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L.
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- 2014
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26. On-line separation of Pu(III) and Am(III) using extraction and ion chromatography
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Jernström, J., Lehto, J., and Betti, M.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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27. The impact of the duration of the palliative care period on cancer patients with regard to the use of hospital services and the place of death:a retrospective cohort study
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Hirvonen, O. M. (Outi M.), Leskelä, R.-L. (Riikka-Leena), Grönholm, L. (Lotta), Haltia, O. (Olli), Voltti, S. (Samuli), Tyynelä-Korhonen, K. (Kristiina), Rahko, E. K. (Eeva K.), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), and Saarto, T. (Tiina)
- Subjects
Hospitalization ,End-of-life care ,Emergency department ,Place of death ,Palliative care ,Finland ,Advance care planning ,Cancer - Abstract
Background: In order to avoid unnecessary use of hospital services at the end-of-life, palliative care should be initiated early enough in order to have sufficient time to initiate and carry out good quality advance care planning (ACP). This single center study assesses the impact of the PC decision and its timing on the use of hospital services at EOL and the place of death. Methods: A randomly chosen cohort of 992 cancer patients treated in a tertiary hospital between Jan 2013 – Dec 2014, who were deceased by the end of 2014, were selected from the total number of 2737 identified from the hospital database. The PC decision (the decision to terminate life-prolonging anticancer treatments and focus on symptom centered palliative care) and use of PC unit services were studied in relation to emergency department (ED) visits, hospital inpatient days and place of death. Results: A PC decision was defined for 82% of the patients and 37% visited a PC unit. The earlier the PC decision was made, the more often patients had an appointment at the PC unit (> 180 days prior to death 72% and
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- 2020
28. Preoperative paroxysmal atrial fibrillation predicts high cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis:CAREAVR study
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Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Salmi, S. (Samuli), Airaksinen, J. K. (Juhani K. E.), Kiviniemi, T. (Tuomas), and Hartikainen, J. E. (Juha E. K.)
- Subjects
bioprosthesis ,aortic valve replacement ,mortality ,paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ,stroke - Abstract
Background: Preoperative permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with impaired outcome after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The impact of preoperative paroxysmal AF, however, has remained elusive. Purpose: We assessed the impact of preoperative paroxysmal AF on outcome in patients undergoing SAVR with bioprosthesis. Methods: A total of 666 patients undergoing isolated AVR with a bioprosthesis were included. Survival data was obtained from the national registry Statistics Finland. Patients were divided into three groups according to the preoperative rhythm: sinus rhythm (n = 502), paroxysmal AF (n = 90), and permanent AF (n = 74). Results: Patients in the sinus rhythm and paroxysmal AF groups did not differ with respect to age (P = .484), gender (P = .402) or CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score (P = .333). At 12‐month follow‐up, AF was present in 6.2% of sinus rhythm patients and in 42.4% of paroxysmal AF patients (P
- Published
- 2020
29. Palliatiivisen lääketieteen opetus lääketieteen kandidaattien arvioimana
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Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Lamminmäki, A. (Annamarja), Rahko, E. (Eeva), Saarto, T. (Tiina), Hirvonen, O. (Outi), Lehto, J. T. (Juho T.), Hökkä, M. (Minna), Lamminmäki, A. (Annamarja), Rahko, E. (Eeva), Saarto, T. (Tiina), and Hirvonen, O. (Outi)
- Abstract
Tiivistelmä Lähtökohdat: Palliatiivinen lääketiede on lääkärin ydinosaamista, mutta alan professuuri ja opetussuunnitelma ovat vain Helsingin ja Tampereen yliopistoissa. Menetelmät: Lukuvuonna 2018–2019 kaikissa Suomen lääketieteellisissä tiedekunnissa kysyttiin kyselylomakkeella valmistuvien kandidaattien näkemyksiä palliatiivisen lääketieteen opetuksesta. Tulokset: Vastaajista (n = 502) lähes kaikki (98 %) pitivät palliatiivisen lääketieteen opetusta hyödyllisenä. Opetus oli kattanut parhaiten kivun hoidon, heikoimmin psyykkiset oireet ja psykososiaalisen tuen. Lisäopetusta olisi kaivattu eniten hoitolinjauksista ja psykososiaalisista seikoista. Tampereen ja Helsingin yliopistojen vastaajat kokivat opetuksen kattaneen paremmin lähes kaikki osa-alueet verrattuna muiden yliopistojen vastaajiin. Helsingin ja Tampereen opiskelijoista 80–90 % kertoi kohdanneensa saattohoitopotilaan opetuksessa, kun muista näin arvioi noin kolmannes. Avoimissa vastauksissa korostui tarve opetukseen ennen ensimmäisiä lääkärin työtehtäviä. Päätelmät: Kokemukset palliatiivisen lääketieteen opetuksesta vaihtelivat yliopistojen välillä. Valtakunnallisen palliatiivisen lääketieteen opetussuunnitelman käyttöönotto on tarpeen., Teaching in palliative medicine as assessed by graduating medical students Background: Palliative care is a basic skill of a physician, but only two medical schools in Finland (Helsinki and Tampere) have a curriculum and a chair in palliative medicine. Methods: Medical students graduating from the Finnish medical schools in 2018–2019 answered a questionnaire concerning teaching in palliative medicine. Results: Of the 502 respondents, 98% considered teaching in palliative medicine useful. The best covered area was pain management, while psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial support were the most poorly covered. More teaching in decision making and psychosocial aspects would have been welcomed. The respondents from the universities of Tampere and Helsinki rated the teaching in almost all areas of palliative medicine better compared to the respondents from other universities. About 80–90% of the students from Helsinki and Tampere remembered an encounter with a patient in end-of-life care, while this proportion was about one third in the other universities. A need for teaching in palliative medicine before the first assignments as a physician was emphasized. Conclusions: Students’ opinions on the teaching in palliative medicine differ between the universities in Finland. A national undergraduate curriculum in palliative medicine is needed.
- Published
- 2020
30. Adverse events and survival with postpericardiotomy syndrome after surgical aortic valve replacement
- Author
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Lehto, J. (Joonas), Gunn, J. (Jarmo), Björn, R. (Rikhard), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Airaksinen, K. E. (K. E. Juhani), Kytö, V. (Ville), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Hartikainen, J. E. (Juha E. K.), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Kiviniemi, T. O. (Tuomas O.), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Gunn, J. (Jarmo), Björn, R. (Rikhard), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Airaksinen, K. E. (K. E. Juhani), Kytö, V. (Ville), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Hartikainen, J. E. (Juha E. K.), Biancari, F. (Fausto), and Kiviniemi, T. O. (Tuomas O.)
- Abstract
Objectives: Postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a relatively common complication after cardiac surgery. However, long-term follow-up data on the adverse events and mortality of PPS patients requiring invasive interventions are scarce. Methods: We sought to assess the occurrence of mortality, new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), cerebrovascular events, and major bleeds in PPS patients requiring medical attention in a combination database of 671 patients who underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis (n = 361) or mechanical prosthesis (n = 310) between 2002 and 2014 (Cardiovascular Research Consortium—A Prospective Project to Identify Biomarkers of Morbidity and Mortality in Cardiovascular Interventional Patients [CAREBANK] 2016‐2018). PPS was defined as moderate if it resulted in delayed hospital discharge, readmission, or medical therapy because of the symptoms; and severe if it required interventions for the evacuation of pleural or pericardial effusion. Results: The overall incidence of PPS was 11.2%. Median time to diagnosis was 16 (interquartile range, 11‐36) days. Severe PPS was diagnosed in 3.6% of patients. Severe PPS seemed to be associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐3.91; P = .040). Moderate or severe PPS increased the risk of new-onset AF during the early postoperative period (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.12‐2.63; P = .012). No significant associations were found between PPS and cerebrovascular events or major bleeds during the follow-up. Conclusions: Patients with PPS requiring invasive interventions are at increased risk for mortality unlike those with mild to moderate forms of the disease. PPS requiring medical attention is associated with a higher AF rate during the early post-operative period but has no significant effect on the occurrence of major stroke, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or major bleeds during long-term follow-up.
- Published
- 2020
31. Determination of kinetic parameters for Finnish milled peat using drop tube reactor and optical measurement techniques
- Author
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Lehto, J.
- Published
- 2007
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32. Performance of CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke prediction after surgical aortic valve replacement
- Author
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Kiviniemi, T. (Tuomas), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), Hartikainen, J. (Juha), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Savolainen, J. (Jyri), Karjalainen, P. (Pasi), Airaksinen, K. E. (K. E. Juhani), Rosato, S. (Stefano), and Biancari, F. (Fausto)
- Subjects
cardiovascular surgery ,transient ischemic attack ,ischemic stroke ,aortic valve replacement - Abstract
Objective: Stroke is a frequent complication occurring early and late after surgical aortic valve replacement. There is an unmet clinical need for simple tools to assess postoperative stroke risk. We sought to assess the predictive performance of Congestive heart failure; Hypertension; Age ≥75 (doubled); Diabetes mellitus; prior Stroke, transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (doubled); Vascular disease; Age 65 to 74; Sex category (female) (CHA₂DS₂-VASc) score in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Methods: Seven hundred fourteen patients undergoing isolated surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis at 4 university hospitals were included. Data were collected retrospectively from patient records and monitored by an independent party. Results: Median follow-up time was 4.8 years. Mean CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was 4.1 ± 1.6. Low (scores, 0–1), high (scores, 2–4), and very high (scores, 5–9) CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores were observed in 39 (5.5%), 400 (56.0%), and 262 (38.5%) patients, respectively. Incidences of stroke or transient ischemic attack at 1 year were 2.6%, 4.8%, and 10.7%; at 5 years incidences were 5.2%, 14.0%, and 21.9%; and at 10 years incidence were 5.2%, 20.7%, and 37.9% for patients in low, high, and very high scores, respectively. Incidences of major bleeds at 1 year were 0%, 1.8%, and 2.7%; at 5 years incidences were 0%, 5.4%, and 8.7%; and at 10 years incidences were 0%, 9.0%, and 27.1%, respectively. Competing risk analysis showed that patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 5 through 9 had a significantly increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (hazard ratio, 4.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–20.6; P = .037) irrespective of preoperative or new-onset in-hospital atrial fibrillation compared with low-risk patients. Conclusions: CHA₂DS₂-VASc is a valuable tool to identify patients with increased risk of stroke and major bleeding, and for whom alternative strategies for prevention of late neurologic complications should be adopted.
- Published
- 2019
33. Advanced separation of harmful metals from industrial waste effluents by ion exchange
- Author
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Lehto, J., Harjula, R., Leinonen, H., Paajanen, A., Laurila, T., Mononen, K., and Saarinen, L.
- Published
- 1996
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34. Introducing Health Impact Assessment: an analysis of political and administrative intersectoral working methods
- Author
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Mannheimer, L.N., Gulis, G., Lehto, J., and Östlin, P.
- Published
- 2007
35. Trends in radiochemical research:: A Finnish view
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Lehto, J.
- Published
- 2006
36. THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: ION EXCHANGE
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Lehto, J., primary
- Published
- 2000
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37. Selectivity of potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (II) for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions
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Lehto, J., Paajanen, R., and Harjula, R.
- Published
- 1992
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38. Results of SSC vendor qualification program at Outokumpu Superconductors
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Teuho, J., Erkolahti, T., Haasjoki, P., Heikkila, E., and Lehto, J.
- Subjects
Superconductors ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries ,Superconducting Super Collider -- Research - Abstract
A progress report on the development of outer cables for the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory's dipole magnets is presented. The work has been subcontracted to Outokumpu Superconductors Oy under the facility's Vendor Qualification Program. So far, Outokumpu has manufactured 18 and 15 billets under Phase 1A and Phase 1B of the program, respectively. A characterization of the superconducting wires is discussed.
- Published
- 1993
39. HARMONISATION OF ION EXCHANGE FORMULATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE: WHAT CAN BE DONE?
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Harjula, R., primary and Lehto, J., additional
- Published
- 1997
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40. Eutanasia
- Author
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Rahko, E. (Eeva) and Lehto, J. (Juho)
- Abstract
Relieving patients’ suffering is the foremost duty of doctors. Whether euthanasia is needed to alleviate difficult suffering or not, has been extensively discussed in Finland. As euthanasia should not be considered only as a philosophical question, this article summarizes studies and reports published in jurisdictions where euthanasia and/or assisted suicide have been legalized and aims to provide data for further discussion among doctors. Rising euthanasia rates and signs of extending euthanasia practices from severely ill patients to other conditions — such as patients with psychiatric diagnoses or elderly people with multiple geriatric diseases without evident limited life expectancy — reveal some complexity of the theme. The authors have a critical view on euthanasia legislation, but promote doctors’ education in palliative care and patients’ equal access to specialized palliative care services in Finland. Tiivistelmä Eutanasia tarkoittaa potilaan surmaamista lääkkeillä hänen pyynnöstään kärsimyksen lopettamiseksi. Eduskunnalle jätetty kansalaisaloite viritti maamme historian vilkkaimman eutanasiakeskustelun. Kärsimyksen lievitys on lääkärintyön ydintehtävä, mutta potilaan elämän lopettamista ei voida sellaisena pitää. Silti muutamissa maissa kollegat toteuttavat eutanasiaa, ja lääkärin rooli on keskeinen eutanasiapäätöksessä. Arvioitaessa eutanasialainsäädännön merkitystä on syytä tarkastella näiden maiden käytäntöjä ja kehitystä.
- Published
- 2018
41. Occurrence and classification of cerebrovascular events after isolated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement:a competing risk analysis of the CAREAVR study
- Author
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Lehto, J. (Joonas), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Hartikainen, J. (Juha), Ihlberg, L. (Leo), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Riekkinen, T. (Teemu), Nissfolk, A. (Anna), Salmi, S. (Samuli), Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Airaksinen, J. (Juhani), Nieminen, T. (Tuomo), and Kiviniemi, T. (Tuomas)
- Subjects
bioprosthesis ,transient ischemic attack ,aortic valve replacement ,cardiovascular diseases ,cerebral infarction ,stroke - Abstract
Background: The long-term incidence of stroke and the proportion of cardioembolic events after bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) remain largely unknown. Methods: The CAREAVR study sought to assess the rate of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients who underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis at four Finnish university hospitals between 2002 and 2014. Data was collected retrospectively and included 721 patients. Median follow-up time was 4.8 [3.0–7.0] years. Results: At 5 years, freedom from stroke was 89.0%, from TIA 94.1%, and from stroke and TIA 83.7%. The median time between index procedure and stroke or TIA was 1.7 years [29 days–3.9 years]. Stroke was of cardioembolic origin in 44.4% of patients. In multivariable competing risk analysis, increased age (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.06, p = 0.022), previous stroke or TIA (HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.14–2.70, p = 0.010), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or more (HR 1.51, 95%CI 1.01–2.24, p = 0.044) and insulin treatment at discharge (HR 1.20, 95%CI 1.09–3.64, p = 0.024) were independent predictors of stroke or TIA. Cerebrovascular events occurred in 47.2% of patients with ongoing anticoagulation therapy. Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of stroke in the early postoperative period after bioprosthetic SAVR was higher than previously documented. Almost half of strokes were of cardioembolic etiology. These findings highlight the need for the better prevention strategies for cardioembolic events after bioprosthetic SAVR.
- Published
- 2018
42. Thromboembolisms related to post-operative electrical cardioversions for atrial fibrillation in patients with surgical aortic valve replacement
- Author
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Kiviniemi, T. (Tuomas), Malmberg, M. (Markus), Biancari, F. (Fausto), Hartikainen, J. (Juha), Ihlberg, L. (Leo), Yannopoulos, F. (Fredrik), Riekkinen, T. (Teemu), von Hellens, O. (Otto), Lehto, J. (Joonas), Nissinen, M. (Maunu), Airaksinen, K. J. (Ke Juhani), and Nieminen, T. (Tuomo)
- Subjects
cardioversion ,atrial fibrillation ,stroke ,Aortic valve replacement ,post-operative - Abstract
Aims: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after open-heart surgery, and cardioversions (CV) are commonly performed to restore sinus rhythm. However, little data exists on thrombo-embolic risk related to early post-operative CV and on the recurrence of POAF after CV. CAREAVR study sought to assess the rate of strokes, transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), and mortality shortly after POAF-triggered CV in patients who underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) with a bioprosthesis. Methods and results: Altogether 721 patients underwent isolated SAVR with a bioprosthesis at four Finnish university hospitals. During post-operative hospitalization, after patients with prior chronic AF were excluded, 309/634 (48.7%) of patients had at least one episode of POAF [median time (interquartile range) 3 (3) days], and an electrical CV was performed in 113/309 (36.6%) of them. The length of hospital stay was not affected by CV. At 30 days follow-up, the rate of stroke, TIA or mortality was higher in those AF patients who underwent CV vs. those who did not (9.7% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.00–6.92, P = 0.05). Similar proportion of patients in both groups were in AF rhythm at discharge (32.7% vs. 35.7%, P = 0.18); and at 3 months (25.0% vs. 23.6%, P = 0.40), respectively. Conclusion: In this real-world population of patients undergoing isolated SAVR, the rate of POAF was nearly 50%. One-third of these patients underwent an electrical CV, and they exhibited over two-fold risk for thromboembolisms and mortality. Cardioversion did not affect the short-term prevalence of AF.
- Published
- 2018
43. P5338The occurrence of postpericardiotomy syndrome: association with operation type and post-operative mortality after open-heart operations
- Author
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Lehto, J, primary, Kiviniemi, T, additional, Gunn, J, additional, Airaksinen, J, additional, and Kyto, V, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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44. Sorption competition and kinetics of trivalent cations (Eu, Y and Cm) on corundum (α-Al2O3): A batch sorption and TRLFS study
- Author
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Virtanen, S., primary, Meriläinen, S., additional, Eibl, M., additional, Rabung, T., additional, Lehto, J., additional, and Huittinen, N., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Release of radionuclides from waste rock and mill tailings at a former pilot uranium mine in eastern Finland
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Tuovinen, H., Pohjolainen, E., Vesterbacka, D., Kaksonen, K., Virkanen, J., Solatie, D., Lehto, J., and Read, D.
- Subjects
technology, industry, and agriculture ,complex mixtures - Abstract
The Paukkajanvaara mine in Eno, eastern Finland, started to operate in 1959. The mine was a test site for assessing the feasibility of larger-scale uranium extraction. Pilot-scale mining and milling were carried out between 1958 and 1961, and the mine site was rehabilitated in the early 1990s. The aim of this study was to examine the potential for further mobilization of radionuclides after remediation. There are two primary sources of contamination at the site, the waste-rock pile and the tailings. Our study indicates that 226Ra leached from the waste-rock pile and accumulated in surrounding soil. In run-off sediment samples collected from a dry stream bed near the waste-rock pile, the activity concentrations of 226Ra and 238U were higher than in soil samples. From the tailings, radionuclides can leach directly to the lake and to another small stream, which flows to the east of the waste-rock pile. In the water samples collected from this stream, uranium concentrations increased at the outlet to the lake. The results from the soil samples collected between the tailings area and the stream indicate leaching of 238U and 226Ra with the surface flow. Sediment samples collected from the bottom of the lake displayed pronounced uranium series disequilibrium with fractionations of 210Pb and 226Ra relative to the parent 238U. The results therefore indicate that leaching and accumulation of at least 226Ra from the waste-rock pile and possibly tailings is still ongoing.
- Published
- 2016
46. Sorption competition of trivalent metals on corundum (α-Al2O3) studied on the macro- and microscopic scale
- Author
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Virtanen, S., Eibl, M., Meriläinen, S., Rossberg, A., Lehto, J., Rabung, T., and Huittinen, N.
- Abstract
Sorption of trivalent actinides and lanthanides onto the surface of geological materials relevant for nuclear waste disposal is a topic that has been widely studied in recent years. However, the sorption properties of metals are often investigated by studying the sorption behaviour of a single metal at a time, thus, these experiments do not account for potential effects of sorption competition in the presence of multiple dissolved elements or compounds. Bradbury and Baeyens (2005) performed extensive investigations of the sorption competition between various metal cations on the clay mineral montmorillonite. By investigating the competition of metals with similar and dissimilar chemical behaviour (e.g. tendency to hydrolysis and valence state), the authors concluded that metal cations with dissimilar chemical properties do not affect the uptake of one another by the clay mineral, whereas metals with similar chemistries do. Thus, if the data obtained in single metal sorption experiments are used in the safety assessment of nuclear disposal, careful considerations of the chemical environment in the near- or far-field of nuclear waste repository is needed to avoid the possible overestimation of radionuclide sorption. In this study, we have combined batch sorption and spectroscopic experiments that were performed with Eu(III), Cm(III) and Am(III) in in the absence and presence of Y(III) as competing cation. The objective was to investigate how the sorption behaviour of trivalent actinides and lanthanides is affected by the presence of another trivalent metal. Following the findings of Bradbury and Baeyens (2005) our hypothesis is that the addition of higher concentrations of trivalent Y(III) together with a chemically similar trivalent metal, Eu(III), Cm(III) or Am(III), would affect the sorption behaviour of that metal. Batch sorption experiments were performed with Eu(III) at different pH (pH-edges) and concentrations (isotherms). The competing metal Y(III) was added before Eu(III) to the mineral suspension in concentrations ranging from 1×10-6 M to 1×10-4 M. In the Eu(III) pH-edge experiments, the sorption of 1×10-5 M Eu(III) was investigated on 0.5 g/l corundum at varying pH, with and without Y(III). In the Eu(III) isotherm experiments, the initial Eu(III) concentration was varied between 1×10-9 M – 1×10-4 M and Y(III) was used in the competing isotherm samples at a constant pH of 7. Batch experiments showed that the addition of Y(III) did decrease the sorption of Eu(III) (Figure 1) on a macroscopic scale. However, as the main emphasis of this study was the possible changes happening at the molecular level as a results of sorption competition, spectroscopic methods were also employed. Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) enables the investigations of Cm(III) sorption speciation directly on the mineral surface. We investigated the changes in the speciation of 1×10-7 M Cm(III) in 0.5 g/l corundum suspensions at varying pH under non-competing and competing conditions using 1×10-4 M Y(III). The results indicate changes in the Cm(III) sorption species distribution, thus, confirming our findings in the batch sorption experiments showing that 1×10-4 M Y(III) suppresses Cm sorption complex formation on the mineral surface depending on the solution pH (Figure 2). Cm(III) luminescence spectra of only Cm(III) and of Cm(III) together with Y(III), show that the fraction of aqueous Cm species is substantially greater with high concentrations of Y(III) present. Only when the pH is increased above 7, the first Cm sorption species appears, resulting in a shift of the observed emission peak maximum. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to identify the formed trivalent actinide sorption complexes. We investigated the sorption of 6×10-6 M or 2×10-5 M Am(III) on the corundum surface at pH 8.5 in the absence and presence of 2×10-5 or 2×10-4 M Y(III). The treatment of the XAS-data is still ongoing and results will be discussed more closely in the conference presentation.
- Published
- 2016
47. P3285Pacemaker implantation after isolated aortic valve replacement with bioprostheses
- Author
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Salmi, S.J., primary, Kiviniemi, T., additional, Lehto, J., additional, Malmberg, M., additional, Biancari, F., additional, Hartikainen, J., additional, Nissfolk, A., additional, Ihlberg, L., additional, Yannopoulos, F., additional, Riekkinen, T., additional, Nissinen, M., additional, Airaksinen, J., additional, and Nieminen, T., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. 4802Occurrence and classification of cerebrovascular events after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis
- Author
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Lehto, J., primary, Malmberg, M., additional, Biancari, F., additional, Hartikainen, J., additional, Ihlberg, L., additional, Yannopoulos, F., additional, Riekkinen, T., additional, Nissfolk, A., additional, Salmi, S., additional, Nissinen, M., additional, Airaksinen, J., additional, Nieminen, T., additional, and Kiviniemi, T., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Masennuksen vaikutus elämänlaatuun vanhusväestössä
- Author
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Lehto, J. (Joonas)
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Masennus on maailmanlaajuisesti yksi merkittävimmistä terveysongelmista, siitä kärsii arviolta noin 121 miljoonaa ihmistä. Maailmanlaajuisen tautitaakan (Global Burden of Disease, GBD) aiheuttajana se on GBD 2010 -tutkimuksen mukaan kahdeksas, jättäen taakseen mm. liikenne-onnettomuudet ja keuhkoahtaumataudin (Ferrari ym. 2013). WHO esitti vuonna 1991 elämänlaadun määritelmäksi ”yksilön näkemys hänen asemastaan elämässä kontekstina kulttuuri ja arvomaailma jossa he elävät ja suhteessa heidän tavoitteisiinsa, odotuksiinsa, arvoihinsa ja huoliinsa”, ja aloitti kehitystyön tavoitteenaan työkalu, jolla elämänlaatua voitaisiin määrittää. Kehitystyön tuloksena syntyi World Health Organization Quality Of Life — 100 (WHOQOL-100) ja siitä lyhennetty 26 kohtainen versio WHOQOL-BREF (WHO, 1998). Se on osoitettu soveltuvaksi myös vanhusväestöä tutkittaessa (Naumann ja Byrne 2004). Masennuksen on osoitettu olevan tärkeä elämänlaatua alentava tekijä (da Silva Lima ja de Al-meida Fleck 2007, Ohaeri ym. 2009, Sung ja Yeh 2007). Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on kuitenkin vaihtelevuutta masennusdiagnoosin luotettavuuden sekä tutkimuspopulaation valikoinnin suhteen, eikä asiaa ole juuri tutkittu iäkkäillä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli osoittaa luotettavasti diagnosoidun masennuksen elämänlaatua heikentävä vaikutus valikoitumattomassa väestössä. Ainestoina on Oulu35-kohortti, jota on tarkemmin kuvattu aiemmin (Rajala ym. 2002). Masennus diagnosoitiin käyttäen Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview -haastattelua, joka on strukturoitu diagnostinen haastattelu psykiatristen häiriöiden diagnostiikkaan. Elämänlaatu määritettiin WHOQOL-BREF-mittarilla. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että elämänlaatu oli masentuneilla heikompi kaikissa neljässä elämänlaadun osa-alueessa (fyysinen, psykologinen, sosiaalisten suhteiden sekä ympäristön osa-alue), eniten psykologisessa, ja että tämä ero on tilastollisesti merkitsevä. Tämä osoittaa, että aiempien tutkimusten esittämä vaikutus on todettavissa myös valikoitumattomassa vanhusaineistossa luotettavaa diagnostiikkaa käytettäessä.
- Published
- 2015
50. Finanssikriisin vaikutus Suomen talouskehitykseen dynaamisen makrotalousteorian näkökulmasta
- Author
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Lehto, J. (Janne)
- Subjects
Economics - Abstract
Tässä Pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan finanssikriisin vaikutuksia Suomen talouskehitykseen kahden dynaamisen stokastisen yleisen tasapainon mallin avulla. Tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka hyvin yksinkertainen dynaaminen stokastinen yleisen tasapainon malli kykenee jäljittelemään Suomen talouden liikkeitä vuosina 2004–2012. Tutkimuksessa muodostettavien mallien selityskykyä vertaillaan keskenään. Tulosten pohjalta pohditaan mallien tarjoamaa selitystä finanssikriisin aikaisen talouskehityksen aiheuttajasta. Aihe on kiinnostava, koska dynaamisten stokastisten yleisen tasapainon mallien käyttö ennusteiden laatimiseen ja talouspolitiikan muutosten vaikutusten arvioimiseen on lisääntynyt voimakkaasti 1980-luvulta lähtien. Nykyisin näitä malleja käytetään useissa keskuspankeissa ja tutkimuslaitoksissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa muodostetaan kaksi dynaamista stokastista yleisen tasapainon mallia Suomen taloudelle. Ensimmäinen malleista on suljetun talouden malli ja toinen avotalouden malli. Mallit kalibroidaan Suomen taloudelle aikaisemman tutkimuksen ja kansantalouden tilinpidon aineiston avulla. Kalibroinnin jälkeen ratkaistaan mielenkiinnon kohteena olevien muuttujien stationääriset tilat ja lineaariset approksimaatiot stationäärisen tilan ympäristössä Dynare-ohjelmalla. Mielenkiinnon kohteena olevien muuttujien aikasarjat ajanjaksolle 2004–2012 luodaan määrittämällä eksogeenisten sokkien arvot lineaarisiin approksimaatioihin. Aikasarjoja verrataan havaintoaineistoon silmäilyekonometrian avulla. Suljetun talouden malli kykenee melko hyvin jäljittelemään finanssikriisin aikaisen kehityksen tuotannolle ja pääoman määrälle. Työtuntien ja kulutuksen osalta mallin luoma vaihtelu on havaintoaineiston kanssa samansuuntaista, mutta havaintoaineistoon nähden liian voimakasta. Avotalouden ominaisuuksien lisääminen suljetun talouden malliin ei lisännyt mallin selityskykyä. Pääoman kehityksen osalta avotalouden mallin selityskyky oli heikompi, kuin suljetun talouden mallin selityskyky. Selityskyvyn heikkeneminen liittyy todennäköisesti avotalouden mallissa esiintyvän maailmanmarkkinoiden koron havaintoaineiston valintaan. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella finanssikriisin aikainen Suomen kokonaistuotannon lasku johtui talouteen kohdistuneesta eksogeenisesta sokista. Luonteva selitys eksogeeniselle sokille on finanssikriisin aiheuttaman luottohanojen kiristymisen seurauksena tapahtunut investointihyödykkeiden kysynnän tippuminen, metalliteollisuuden hintakuplan puhkeaminen, sekä samanaikainen ICT-teollisuuden romahdus.
- Published
- 2014
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