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1. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: RIZ Spectrograph preliminary design

Author

Chazelas, Bruno, Ivanisenko, Yevgeniy, Lanotte, Audrey, Diaz, Pablo Santos, Genolet, Ludovic, Sordet, Michael, Hughes, Ian, Lovis, Christophe, Schmidt, Tobias M., Amate, Manuel, Castro, José Peñate, Moreno, Afrodisio Vega, Tenegi, Fabio, Simoes, Roberto, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Piqueras, Javier, Dávila, Tomás Belenguer, Ortega, Rocío Calvo, González, Roberto Varas, Fernández, Luis Miguel González, Amado, Pedro J., Kern, Jonathan, Dionies, Frank, Bauer, Svend-Marian, Önel, Hakan, Järvinen, Arto, Brynnel, Joar, Füßlein, Christine, Bellido, Olga, Weingrill, Jörg, Giannone, Domenico, Gaessler, Wolfgang, lehmitz, Michael, Kaminski, Adrian, Stilz, Ingo, Sigwarth, Michael, Marconi, Alessandro, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Oliva, Ernesto, Coretti, Igor, Aliverti, Matteo, Pariani, Giorgio, Cabona, Lorenzo, Radaelli, Edouardo Maria Alberto, Scalera, Marcello, and Balestera, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present here the preliminary design of the RIZ module, one of the visible spectrographs of the ANDES instrument 1. It is a fiber-fed high-resolution, high-stability spectrograph. Its design follows the guidelines of successful predecessors such as HARPS and ESPRESSO. In this paper we present the status of the spectrograph at the preliminary design stage. The spectrograph will be a warm, vacuum-operated, thermally controlled and fiber-fed echelle spectrograph. Following the phase A design, the huge etendue of the telescope will be reformed in the instrument with a long slit made of smaller fibers. We discuss the system design of the spectrographs system., Comment: Paper submitted to the SPIE astronomical telescope and instrumentation 2024, conference title : Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X, paper reference number : 13096-171

Published
2024

2. Locating dust and molecules in the inner circumstellar environment of R~Sculptoris with MATISSE

Author

Drevon, Julien, Millour, Florentin, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, Paladini, Claudia, Hron, Josef, Meilland, A., Allouche, F., Hofmann, K. -H., Lagarde, S., Lopez, B., Matter, A., Petrov, R., Robbe-Dubois, S., Schertl, D., Wittkowski, M., Zins, G., Ábrahám, P., Antonelli, P., Beckmann, U., Berio, P., Bettonvil, F., Glindemann, A., Graser, U., Heininger, M., Henning, Thomas, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Labadie, Lucas, Leinert, Christoph, Lehmitz, Michael, Morel, Sébastien, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Soulain, Anthony, Varga, Josef, Weigelt, Gerd, Woillez, Julien, Augereau, Jean-Charles, van Boekel, Roy, Burtscher, Leonard, Danchi, William, Dominik, Carsten, Gamez-Rosas, Violetta, Hocdé, Vincent, Hogerheijde, M., Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Leftley, James, Stee, Ph., Vakili, Farrokh, Waters, Rens, Wolf, Sebastian, and Yoffe, Gideon

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

AGB stars are one of the main sources of dust production in the Galaxy. However, it is not clear what this process looks like and where the dust is condensing in the circumstellar environment. By characterizing the location of the dust and the molecules in the close environment of an AGB star, we aim to achieve a better understanding the history of the dust formation process. We observed the carbon star R Scl with the VLTI-MATISSE instrument in L- and N-bands. The high angular resolution of the VLTI observations, combined with a large uv-plane coverage allowed us to use image reconstruction methods. To constrain the dust and molecules' location, we used two different methods: MIRA image reconstruction and the 1D code RHAPSODY. We found evidence of C2H2 and HCN molecules between 1 and 3.4 Rstar which is much closer to the star than the location of the dust (between 3.8 and 17.0 Rstar). We also estimated a mass-loss rate of 1.2+-0.4x10-6 Msun per yr. In the meantime, we confirmed the previously published characteristics of a thin dust shell, composed of amorphous carbon (amC) and silicon carbide (SiC). However, no clear SiC feature has been detected in the MATISSE visibilities. This might be caused by molecular absorption that can affect the shape of the SiC band at 11.3 micron. The appearance of the molecular shells is in good agreement with predictions from dynamical atmosphere models. For the first time, we co-located dust and molecules in the environment of an AGB star. We confirm that the molecules are located closer to the star than the dust. The MIRA images unveil the presence of a clumpy environment in the fuzzy emission region beyond 4.0 Rstar. Furthermore, with the available dynamic range and angular resolution, we did not detect the presence of a binary companion. Additional observations combining MATISSE and SAM-VISIR instrument should enable this detection in future studies., Comment: 19 pages, published in A&A

Published
2022
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3. The dusty heart of Circinus: I. Imaging the circumnuclear dust in N-band

Author

Isbell, Jacob W., Meisenheimer, Klaus, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Stalevski, Marko, Tristram, Konrad R. W., Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Rosas, Violeta Gámez, Jaffe, Walter, Burtscher, Leonard, Leftley, James, Petrov, Romain, Lopez, Bruno, Henning, Thomas, Weigelt, Gerd, Allouche, Fatme, Berio, Philippe, Bettonvil, Felix, Cruzalebes, Pierre, Dominik, Carsten, Heininger, Matthias, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Lagarde, Stéphane, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Millour, Florentin, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Schertl, Dieter, van Boekel, Roy, Varga, Josef, and Woillez, Julien

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Active galactic nuclei play a key role in the evolution of galaxies, but their inner workings and physical connection to the host are poorly understood due to a lack of angular resolution. Infrared interferometry makes it possible to resolve the circumnuclear dust in the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy, Circinus. Previous observations have revealed complex structures and polar dust emission but interpretation was limited to simple models. MATISSE makes it possible to image these structures for the first time. We observed the Circinus Galaxy with VLTI/MATISSE, producing 150 correlated flux spectra and 100 closure phase spectra. We reconstructed images in the N-band at ~10 mas resolution. We fit blackbody functions with dust extinction to several aperture-extracted fluxes from the images to produce a temperature distribution of central dusty structures. We find significant substructure in the circumnuclear dust: central unresolved flux of ~0.5 Jy, a thin disk 1.9 pc in diameter oriented along ~45 deg,and a ~4x1.5 pc polar emission extending orthogonal to the disk. The polar emission exhibits patchiness, which we attribute to clumpy dust. Flux enhancements to the east and west of the disk are seen for the first time. We distinguish the temperature profiles of the disk and of the polar emission: the disk shows a steep temperature gradient indicative of denser material; the polar profile is flatter, indicating clumpiness and/or lower dust density. The unresolved flux is fitted with a high temperature, ~370 K. The polar dust remains warm (~200 K) out to 1.5 pc from the disk. The recovered morphology and temperature distribution resembles modeling of accretion disks with radiation-driven winds at large scales, but we placed new constraints on the subparsec dust. The subparsec features imaged here place new constraints on the physical modeling of circumnuclear dust in active galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2022
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4. Thermal imaging of dust hiding the black hole in the Active Galaxy NGC 1068

Author

Rosas, Violeta Gamez, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Petrov, Romain G., Leftley, James H., Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Millour, Florentin, Burtscher, Leonard, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Meilland, Anthony, Waters, Laurens B. F. M., Lopez, Bruno, Lagarde, Stephane, Weigelt, Gerd, Berio, Philippe, Allouche, Fatme, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Cruzalebes, Pierre, Bettonvil, Felix, Henning, Thomas, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Antonelli, Pierre, Beckmann, Udo, van Boekel, Roy, Bendjoya, Philippe, Danchi, William C., Dominik, Carsten, Drevon, Julien, Gallimore, Jack F., Graser, Uwe, Heininger, Matthias, Hocde, Vincent, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hron1, Josef, Impellizzeri, Caterina M. V., Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Labadie, Lucas, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Pott, Jorg-Uwe, Schert, Dieter, Soulain, Anthony, Stee, Philippe, Tristram, Konrad, Varga, Jozsef, Woillez, Julien, Wolf, Sebastian, Yoffe, Gideon, and Zins, Gerard

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

In the widely accepted 'Unified Model' solution of the classification puzzle of Active Galactic Nuclei, the orientation of a dusty accretion torus around the central black hole dominates their appearance. In 'type-1' systems, the bright nucleus is visible at the centre of a face-on torus. In 'type-2' systems the thick, nearly edge-on torus hides the central engine. Later studies suggested evolutionary effects and added dusty clumps and polar winds but left the basic picture intact. However, recent high-resolution images of the archetypal type-2 galaxy NGC 1068 suggested a more radical revision. They displayed a ring-like emission feature which the authors advocated to be hot dust surrounding the black hole at the radius where the radiation from the central engine evaporates the dust. That ring is too thin and too far tilted from edge-on to hide the central engine, and ad hoc foreground extinction is needed to explain the type-2 classification. These images quickly generated reinterpretations of the type 1-2 dichotomy. Here we present new multi-band mid-infrared images of NGC1068 that detail the dust temperature distribution and reaffirm the original model. Combined with radio data, our maps locate the central engine below the previously reported ring and obscured by a thick, nearly edge-on disk, as predicted by the Unified Model. We also identify emission from polar flows and absorbing dust that is mineralogically distinct from that towards the Milky Way centre., Comment: In press at Nature

Published
2021
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5. Thermal imaging of dust hiding the black hole in NGC 1068

Author

Gámez Rosas, Violeta, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Petrov, Romain G., Leftley, James H., Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Millour, Florentin, Burtscher, Leonard, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Meilland, Anthony, Waters, Laurens B. F. M., Lopez, Bruno, Lagarde, Stéphane, Weigelt, Gerd, Berio, Philippe, Allouche, Fatme, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, Bettonvil, Felix, Henning, Thomas, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Antonelli, Pierre, Beckmann, Udo, van Boekel, Roy, Bendjoya, Philippe, Danchi, William C., Dominik, Carsten, Drevon, Julien, Gallimore, Jack F., Graser, Uwe, Heininger, Matthias, Hocdé, Vincent, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hron, Josef, Impellizzeri, Caterina M. V., Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Labadie, Lucas, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Schertl, Dieter, Soulain, Anthony, Stee, Philippe, Tristram, Konrad, Varga, Jozsef, Woillez, Julien, Wolf, Sebastian, Yoffe, Gideon, and Zins, Gerard

Published
2022
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6. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: calibration unit(s)

Author

Navarro, Ramón, Jedamzik, Ralf, Huke, Philipp, Bonhomme, Léa, Broeg, Christopher, Boisse, Isabelle, Dadi, Kamalesh, Debus, Michael, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Gabella, Omar, Gässler, Wolfgang, Giro, Enrico, Knoche, Jörg, Kouach, Driss, Lehmitz, Michael, LeMen, Claude, Liske, Jochen, Malve, Madhusudan, Maslowski, Piotr, McCracken, Richard, Mordasini, Christoph, Olchewski, François, Reid, Derryck, Reiners, Ansgar, Schäfer, Sebastian, Sarjlic, Mirsad, Cheng, Yuk Shan, Zanutta, Alessio, and Zimara, Jennifer

Published
2024
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7. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: RIZ spectrograph preliminary design

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Chazelas, Bruno, Ivanisenko, Yevgeniy, Lanotte, Audrey, Santos Diaz, Pablo, Genolet, Ludovic, Sordet, Michael, Hughes, Ian, Lovis, Christophe, Schmidt, Tobias M., Amate Plasencia, Manuel, Peñate Castro, Jose, Vega-Moreno, Afrodisio, Tenegi, Fabio, Simoes, Roberto, González-Hernández, Jonay I., Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, Piqueras, Javier, Belenguer Dávila, Tomás, Calvo-Ortega, Rocío, Varas González, Roberto, González Fernández, Luis Miguel, Amado, Pedro J., Kern, Jonathan, Dionies, Frank, Bauer, Svend-Marian, Önel, Hakan, Järvinen, Arto, Brynnel, Joar, Füßlein, Christine, Bellido, Olga, Weingrill, Jörg, Giannone, Domenico, Gaessler, Wolfgang, Lehmitz, Michael, Kaminski, Adrian, Stilz, Ingo, Sigwarth, Michael, Marconi, Alessandro, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Oliva, Ernesto, Coretti, Igor, Aliverti, Matteo, Pariani, Giorgio, Cabona, Lorenzo, Radaelli, Edouardo Maria Alberto, Scalera, Marcello Agostino, and Balestera, Andrea

Published
2024
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8. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: UBV spectrograph preliminary design

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Weber, Michael, Woche, Manfred, Sablowski, Daniel, Strassmeier, Klaus G., Poppenhäger, Katja, Alvarado-Gómez, Julián David, Bauer, Svend-Marian, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Dionies, Frank, Füßlein, Christine, Giannone, Domenico, Järvinen, Arto, Järvinen, Silva, Kern, Jonathan, Önel, Hakan, Schwab, Christian, Weingrill, Jörg, Roth, Markus, Sigwarth, Michael, Chazelas, Bruno, Lanotte, Audrey, Santos Diaz, Pablo, Genolet, Ludovic, Sordet, Michael, Hughes, Ian, Lovis, Christophe, Amate, Manuel, Peñate Castro, José, Vega-Moreno, Afrodisio, Luís Simoes, Roberto M., González-Hernández, Jonay I., Zapatero Osorio, María R., Amado, Pedro J., Calvo-Ortega, Rocío, Varas González, Roberto, Gaessler, Wolfgang, Lehmitz, Michael, Kaminski, Adrian, Stilz, Ingo, Zanutta, A., Di Marcantonio, P., Marconi, A., Scalera, M., Aliverti, M., Cabona, L., Pariani, G., Olivia, E., Coretti, I., and Redaelli, E. M. A.

Published
2024
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9. 4MOST calibration system: design, assembly, and testing

Author

Politopoulos, Ioannis, primary, Pragt, Johan, additional, ter Horst, Rik, additional, Roelfsema, Ronald, additional, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, additional, Brynnel, Joar, additional, Frey, Steffen, additional, Helmi, Amina, additional, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, additional, de Jong, Roelof, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Navarro, Ramón, additional, Saviauk, Allar, additional, Sharples, Ray, additional, Tyas, Luke, additional, Schmoll, Jürgen, additional, Seifert, Walter, additional, de Haan, Menno, additional, Schuil, Menno, additional, Elswijk, Eddy, additional, and Balbinot, Eduardo, additional

Published
2022
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10. 4MOST metrology system lab calibration and performance

Author

Winkler, Roland, primary, Liebner, Thomas, additional, Sobiella, Deborah, additional, Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Fechner, Thomas, additional, Bittner, Wilbert, additional, Feuerstein, Dietrich, additional, Leseberg, Bjorn, additional, Hahn, Thomas, additional, Rektorschrek, Lea, additional, Lemke, Ulrike, additional, Sablowski, Daniel P., additional, Pramskiy, Alexander, additional, Rothmaier, Florian M., additional, Stilz, Ingo D., additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Smedley, Scott, additional, Onel, Hakan, additional, and Frey, Steffen, additional

Published
2022
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11. The assembly and alignment of the 4MOST wide field corrector

Author

Cunningham, Mark H., primary, Doel, Peter, additional, Brooks, David, additional, Brynnel, Joar, additional, Frey, Steffen, additional, de Jong, Roelof, additional, Gäbler, Miklos, additional, Schröck, Michael, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Sablowski, Daniel, additional, and Barden, Samuel C., additional

Published
2022
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12. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer at the time of the first published astrophysical results

Author

Lagarde, Stéphane, primary, Meilland, Anthony, additional, Lopez, Bruno, additional, Petrov, Romain G., additional, Allouche, Fatmé, additional, Matter, Alexis, additional, Augereau, Jean-Charles, additional, Berio, Phillippe, additional, Bettonvil, Felix, additional, van Boekel, Roy, additional, Bristow, Paul, additional, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, additional, Danchi, William C., additional, Glindemann, Andreas, additional, Hadjara, Massinissa, additional, Henninger, Mathias, additional, Hogerheijde, Michiel, additional, Jaffe, Walter, additional, Leftley, James H., additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Millour, Florentin, additional, Paladini, Claudia, additional, Pantin, Eric, additional, Riquelme, Miguel, additional, Rivinius, Thomas, additional, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, additional, Schoeller, Markus, additional, Varga, Jozsef, additional, Weigelt, Gerd, additional, Woillez, Julien, additional, and Zins, Gérard, additional

Published
2022
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13. Thermal imaging of dust hiding the black hole in NGC1068

Author

Rosas, Violeta Gamez, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Petrov, Romain G., Leftley, James H., Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Millour, Florentin, Burtscher, Leonard, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Meilland, Anthony, Waters, Laurens B. F. M., Lopez, Bruno, Lagarde, Stephane, Weigelt, Gerd, Berio, Philippe, Allouche, Fatme, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Cruzalebes, Pierre, Bettonvil, Felix, Henning, Thomas, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Antonelli, Pierre, Beckmann, Udo, van Boekel, Roy, Bendjoya, Philippe, Danchi, William C., Dominik, Carsten, Drevon, Julien, Gallimore, Jack F., Graser, Uwe, Heininger, Matthias, Hocde, Vincent, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hron, Josef, Impellizzeri, Caterina M., V, Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Labadie, Lucas, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Pott, Joerg-Uwe, Schertl, Dieter, Soulain, Anthony, Stee, Philippe, Tristram, Konrad, Varga, Jozsef, Woillez, Julien, Wolf, Sebastian, Yoffe, Gideon, Zins, Gerard, Rosas, Violeta Gamez, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Petrov, Romain G., Leftley, James H., Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Millour, Florentin, Burtscher, Leonard, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Meilland, Anthony, Waters, Laurens B. F. M., Lopez, Bruno, Lagarde, Stephane, Weigelt, Gerd, Berio, Philippe, Allouche, Fatme, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Cruzalebes, Pierre, Bettonvil, Felix, Henning, Thomas, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Antonelli, Pierre, Beckmann, Udo, van Boekel, Roy, Bendjoya, Philippe, Danchi, William C., Dominik, Carsten, Drevon, Julien, Gallimore, Jack F., Graser, Uwe, Heininger, Matthias, Hocde, Vincent, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hron, Josef, Impellizzeri, Caterina M., V, Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Labadie, Lucas, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Pott, Joerg-Uwe, Schertl, Dieter, Soulain, Anthony, Stee, Philippe, Tristram, Konrad, Varga, Jozsef, Woillez, Julien, Wolf, Sebastian, Yoffe, Gideon, and Zins, Gerard

Abstract

In the widely accepted 'unified model'(1) solution of the classification puzzle of active galactic nuclei, the orientation of a dusty accretion torus around the central black hole dominates their appearance. In 'type-1' systems, the bright nucleus is visible at the centre of a face-on torus. In 'type-2' systems the thick, nearly edge-on torus hides the central engine. Later studies suggested evolutionary effects(2) and added dusty clumps and polar winds(3) but left the basic picture intact. However, recent high-resolution images(4) of the archetypal type-2 galaxy NGC 1068(5,6), suggested a more radical revision. The images displayed a ring-like emission feature that was proposed to be hot dust surrounding the black hole at the radius where the radiation from the central engine evaporates the dust. That ring is too thin and too far tilted from edge-on to hide the central engine, and ad hoc foreground extinction is needed to explain thetype-2 classification. These images quickly generated reinterpretations of the dichotomy between types 1 and 2(7,8). Here we present new multi-band mid-infrared images of NGC 1068 that detail the dust temperature distribution and reaffirm the original model. Combined with radio data (J.F.G. and C.M.V.I., manuscript in preparation), our maps locate the central engine that is below the previously reported ring and obscured by a thick, nearly edge-on disk, as predicted by the unified model. We also identify emission from polar flows and absorbing dust that is mineralogically distinct from that towards the Milky Way centre.

Published
2022

15. 4MOST metrology system lab calibration and performance

Author

Navarro, Ramón, Geyl, Roland, Winkler, Roland, Liebner, Thomas, Sobiella, Deborah, Rodriguez Alvarez, Carlos, Fechner, Thomas, Bittner, Wilbert, Feuerstein, Dietrich, Leseberg, Bjorn, Hahn, Thomas, Lemke, Ulrike, Sablowski, Daniel, Pramskiy, Alexander, Rothmaier, Florian, Stilz, Ingo, Lehmitz, Michael, Smedley, Scott, Onel, Hakan, and Frey, Steffen

Published
2022
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16. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer at the time of the first published astrophysical results

Author

Mérand, Antoine, Sallum, Stephanie, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Lagarde, Stéphane, Meilland, Anthony, Lopez, Bruno, Petrov, Romain G., Allouche, Fatmé, Matter, Alexis, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berio, Phillippe, Bettonvil, Felix, van Boekel, Roy, Bristow, Paul, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, Danchi, William C., Glindemann, Andreas, Hadjara, Massinissa, Henninger, Mathias, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Jaffe, Walter, Leftley, James, Lehmitz, Michael, Millour, Florentin, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Riquelme, Miguel, Rivinius, Thomas, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Schoeller, Markus, Varga, Jozsef, Weigelt, Gerd, Woillez, Julien, and Zins, Gérard

Published
2022
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17. Preliminary characterization and verification of 4MOST in Europe

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Micheva, Genoveva, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Frey, Steffen, Kelz, Andreas, de Jong, Roelof S., Saviauk, Allar, Winkler, Roland, Laurent, Florence, Seifert, Walter, Stilz, Ingo, Rothmaier, Florian, Pramskiy, Alexander, Lehmitz, Michael, Gaessler, Wolfgang, Politopoulos, Ioannis, Irwin, Jonathan, Irwin, Michael J., Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Zins, Gérard, Quirrenbach, Andreas, and Xu, Wenli

Published
2024
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18. Calibration system for the 4MOST multi object fiber-fed spectrographs

Author

Roelfsema, Ronald, primary, Pragt, Johan, primary, ter Horst, Rik, primary, Agocs, Tibor, primary, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, primary, Frey, Steffen, primary, Schnurr, Olivier, primary, Lehmitz, Michael, primary, Saviauk, Allar, primary, Winkler, Roland, primary, de Jong, Roelof S., primary, Brynnel, Joar G., primary, Calcines-Rosario, Ariadna, primary, Helmi, Amina, primary, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, primary, Houtsma, Tom, primary, Murray, Graham, primary, Musters, Gert, primary, Navarro, Ramon, primary, and Sharples, Ray, primary

Published
2018
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19. The installation and ongoing commissioning of the MATISSE mid-infrared interferometer at the ESO Very Large Telescope Observatory

Author

Lopez, Bruno, primary, Lagarde, Stephane, primary, Matter, Alexis, primary, Agocs, Tibor, primary, Allouche, Fatme, primary, Antonelli, Pierre, primary, Augereau, Jean-Charles, primary, Bailet, Christophe, primary, Berio, Philippe, primary, Bettonvil, Felix, primary, Beckmann, Udo, primary, van Boekel, Roy, primary, Bresson, Yves, primary, Bristow, Paul, primary, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, primary, Delbo, Marco, primary, Dominik, Carsten, primary, Elswijk, Eddy, primary, Fantei-Caujolle, Yan, primary, Glindemann, Andreas, primary, Heininger, Matthias, primary, Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, primary, Hogerheijde, Michiel, primary, Hron, Josef, primary, Jaffe, Walter, primary, Kroes, Gaby, primary, Laun, Werner, primary, Lehmitz, Michael, primary, Meilland, Anthony, primary, Meisenheimer, Klaus, primary, Millour, Florentin, primary, Morel, Sebastien, primary, Neumann, Udo, primary, Pantin, Eric, primary, Petrov, Romain, primary, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, primary, Schertl, Dieter, primary, Schoeller, Markus, primary, Wolf, Sebastian, primary, Zins, Gerard, primary, Henning, Thomas, primary, Stee, Philippe, primary, and Weigelt, Gerd, primary

Published
2018
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20. MATISSE: Performance in laboratory, results of AIV in Paranal, and first results on sky

Author

Lagarde, Stéphane, primary, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, primary, Allouche, Fatmé, primary, Berio, Philippe, primary, Lopez, Bruno, primary, Petrov, Romain, primary, Millour, Florentin, primary, Matter, Alexis, primary, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, primary, Antonelli, Pierre, primary, Bailet, Christophe, primary, Bresson, Yves, primary, Clausse, Jean-Michel, primary, Fantei-Caujolle, Yan, primary, Marcotto, Aurélie, primary, Meilland, Anthony, primary, Morel, Sebastien, primary, Rousseau, Sylvain, primary, Soulain, Anthony, primary, Zins, Gérard, primary, Laun, Werner, primary, Adler, Tobias, primary, Klein, Ralf, primary, Maurer, Tobias, primary, Eldswick, Eddy, primary, Heininger, Matthias, primary, Bristow, Paul, primary, Glindemann, Andreas, primary, Hubin, Norbert, primary, Jochum, Liselotte, primary, Rivinus, Thomas, primary, Schoeller, Markus, primary, Beltran, Juan, primary, Bourget, Pierre, primary, Gallenne, Alexandre, primary, Guerlet, Thibaut, primary, Haubois, Xavier, primary, Ives, Derek, primary, Jakob, Gerd, primary, Meister, Alexander, primary, Riquelme, Miguel, primary, Schuhler, Nicolas, primary, Stephan, Christian, primary, Toledo, Pedro, primary, Tristam, Konrad, primary, Woillez, Julien, primary, Neumann, Udo, primary, Chelli, Alain, primary, Guitton, Florence, primary, Meisenheimer, Klaus, primary, Pichon, Bernard, primary, Spang, Alain, primary, Varga, Jozsef, primary, Henning, Thomas, primary, Jaffe, Walter, primary, Pasquini, Luca, primary, Stee, Philippe, primary, Weigelt, Gerd, primary, Bettonvil, Felix, primary, Lehmitz, Michael, primary, and Beckmann, Udo, primary

Published
2018
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21. Calibration system for the 4MOST multi object fiber-fed spectrographs.

Author

Roelfsema, Ronald, Pragt, Johan, ter Horst, Rik, Agocs, Tibor, Belido, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Calcines-Rosario, Ariadna, Frey, Steffen, Helmig, Amina, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, Houtsma, Tom, de Jong, Roelof, Lehmitz, Michael, Murray, Graham, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Saviauk, Allar, Schnur, Oliver, Sharples, Ray, and Winkler, Roland

Published
2018
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22. Status of the ARGOS project

Author

Rabien, Sebastian, additional, Barl, Lothar, additional, Beckmann, Udo, additional, Bonaglia, Marco, additional, Borelli, José Luis, additional, Brynnel, Joar, additional, Buschkamp, Peter, additional, Busoni, Lorenzo, additional, Christou, Julian, additional, Connot, Claus, additional, Davies, Richard, additional, Deysenroth, Matthias, additional, Esposito, Simone, additional, Gässler, Wolfgang, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Hart, Michael, additional, Kulas, Martin, additional, Lefebvre, Michael, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Mazzoni, Tommaso, additional, Nussbaum, Edmund, additional, Orban de Xivry, Gilles, additional, Peter, Diethard, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Raab, Walfried, additional, Rahmer, Gustavo, additional, Storm, Jesper, additional, and Ziegleder, Julian, additional

Published
2014
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23. Calibration system for the 4MOST multi object fiber-fed spectrographs

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Simard, Luc, Takami, Hideki, Roelfsema, Ronald, Pragt, Johan, ter Horst, Rik, Agocs, Tibor, Bellido, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Calcines-Rosario, Ariadna, Frey, Steffen, Helmi, Amina, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, Houtsma, Tom, de Jong, Roelof, Lehmitz, Michael, Murray, Graham, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Saviauk, Allar, Schnurr, Olivier, Sharples, Ray, and Winkler, Roland

Published
2018
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24. 4MOST metrology system lab calibration and performance.

Author

Winkler, Roland, Liebner, Thomas, Sobiella, Deborah, Rodriguez Alvarez, Carlos, Fechner, Thomas, Bittner, Wilbert, Feuerstein, Dietrich, Leseberg, Bjorn, Hahn, Thomas, Lemke, Ulrike, Sablowski, Daniel, Pramskiy, Alexander, Rothmaier, Florian, Stilz, Ingo, Lehmitz, Michael, Smedley, Scott, Onel, Hakan, and Frey, Steffen

Published
2022
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26. 4MOST calibration system: design, assembly, and testing.

Author

Politopoulos, Ioannis, Pragt, Johan, ter Horst, Rik, Roelfsema, Ronald, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Frey, Steffen, Helmi, Amina, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, de Jong, Roelof, Lehmitz, Michael, Navarro, Ramon, Saviauk, Allar, Sharples, Ray, Tyas, Luke, Schmoll, Jurgen, Seifert, Walter, de Haan, Menno, Schuil, Menno, and Elswijk, Eddy

Published
2022
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27. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer at the time of the first published astrophysical results.

Author

Lagarde, Stéphane, Meilland, Anthony, Lopez, Bruno, Petrov, Romain G., Allouche, Fatmé, Matter, Alexis, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berio, Phillippe, Bettonvil, Felix, van Boekel, Roy, Bristow, Paul, Cruzalèbes, Pierre, Danchi, William C., Glindemann, Andreas, Hadjara, Massinissa, Henninger, Mathias, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Jaffe, Walter, Leftley, James, and Lehmitz, Michael

Published
2022
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28. LUCI in the sky: performance and lessons learned in the first two years of near-infrared multi-object spectroscopy at the LBT

Author

Buschkamp, Peter, primary, Seifert, Walter, additional, Polsterer, Kai, additional, Hofmann, Reiner, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Lederer, Reinhard, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Naranjo, Vianak, additional, Ageorges, Nancy, additional, Kurk, Jaron, additional, Eisenhauer, Frank, additional, Rabien, Sebastian, additional, Honsberg, Mathias, additional, and Genzel, Reinhard, additional

Published
2012
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29. Status of the ARGOS ground layer adaptive optics system

Author

Gässler, Wolfgang, primary, Rabien, Sebastian, additional, Esposito, Simone, additional, Lloyd-Hart, Michael, additional, Barl, Lothar, additional, Beckmann, Udo, additional, Bluemchen, Thomas, additional, Bonaglia, Marco, additional, Borelli, José Luis, additional, Brusa, Guido, additional, Brynnel, Joar, additional, Buschkamp, Peter, additional, Busoni, Lorenzo, additional, Carbonaro, Luca, additional, Connot, Claus, additional, Davies, Richard, additional, Deysenroth, Matthias, additional, Durney, Olivier, additional, Green, Richard, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Gasho, Victor, additional, Haug, Marcus, additional, Hubbard, Pete, additional, Ihle, Sebastian, additional, Kulas, Martin, additional, Lederer, Reinhard, additional, Lewis, Jason, additional, Loose, Christina, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Noenickx, Jamison, additional, Nussbaum, Edmund, additional, Orban de Xivry, Gilles, additional, Peter, Diethard, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Rademacher, Matt, additional, Raab, Walfried, additional, Storm, Jesper, additional, Schwab, Christian, additional, Vaitheeswaran, Vidhya, additional, and Ziegleder, Julian, additional

Published
2012
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31. The LUCIFER control software

Author

Jütte, Marcus, primary, Knierim, Volker, additional, Polsterer, Kai, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Storz, Clemens, additional, Seifert, Walter, additional, and Ageorges, Nancy, additional

Published
2010
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32. LUCIFER1: performance results

Author

Seifert, Walter, primary, Ageorges, Nancy, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Buschkamp, Peter, additional, Knierim, Volker, additional, Polsterer, Kai, additional, Germeroth, Andre, additional, Pasquali, Anna, additional, Naranjo, Vianak, additional, Jütte, Marcus, additional, Feiz, Carmen, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Hofmann, Reiner, additional, Laun, Werner, additional, Lederer, Reinhard, additional, Lenzen, Rainer, additional, Mall, Ulrich, additional, Mandel, Holger, additional, Müller, Peter, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Schäffner, Ludwig, additional, Storz, Clemens, additional, and Weiser, Peter, additional

Published
2010
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33. LUCIFER status report: summer 2008

Author

Mandel, Holger, primary, Seifert, Walter, additional, Hofmann, Reiner, additional, Jütte, Marcus, additional, Lenzen, Rainer, additional, Ageorges, Nancy, additional, Bomans, Dominik, additional, Buschkamp, Peter, additional, Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen, additional, Feiz, Carmen, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Germeroth, André, additional, Geuer, Lutz, additional, Heidt, Jochen, additional, Knierim, Volker, additional, Laun, Werner, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Mall, Ulrich, additional, Müller, Peter, additional, Naranjo, Vianac, additional, Polsterer, Kai, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Schäffner, Ludwig, additional, Schwind, Florian, additional, Weiser, Peter, additional, and Weisz, Harald, additional

Published
2008
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34. LUCIFER status report, summer 2004

Author

Mandel, Holger, primary, Appenzeller, Immo, additional, Seifert, Walter, additional, Baumeister, Harald, additional, Bizenberger, Peter, additional, Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen, additional, Gemperlein, Hans, additional, Grimm, Bernhard, additional, Herbst, Tom M., additional, Hofmann, Reiner, additional, Jutte, Marcus, additional, Laun, Werner, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Ligori, Sebastiano, additional, Lenzen, Rainer, additional, Polsterer, Kai, additional, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, additional, Schuetze, Andreas, additional, Seltmann, Andreas, additional, Weiser, Peter, additional, Weisz, Harald, additional, and Xu, Wenli, additional

Published
2004
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36. LUCIFER: a Multi-Mode NIR Instrument for the LBT

Author

Seifert, Walter, primary, Appenzeller, Immo, additional, Baumeister, Harald, additional, Bizenberger, Peter, additional, Bomans, Dominik, additional, Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen, additional, Grimm, Bernard, additional, Herbst, Tom, additional, Hofmann, Reiner, additional, Juette, Marcus, additional, Laun, Werner, additional, Lehmitz, Michael, additional, Lemke, Roland, additional, Lenzen, Rainer, additional, Mandel, Holger, additional, Polsterer, K., additional, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, additional, Schuetze, A., additional, Seltmann, Andreas, additional, Thatte, Niranjan A., additional, Weiser, Peter, additional, and Xu, Wenli, additional

Published
2003
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42. LUCIFER: a NIR spectrograph and imager for the LBT.

Author

Mandel, Holger, Appenzeller, Immo, Bomans, Dominik, Eisenhauer, Frank, Grimm, Bernard, Herbst, Thomas M., Hofmann, Reiner, Lehmitz, Michael, Lemke, Roland, Lehnert, Matthew D., Lenzen, Rainer, Luks, Thomas, Mohr, Ralf, Seifert, Walter, Thatte, Niranjan A., Weiser, Peter, and Xu, Wenli

Published
2000
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43. 4MOST calibration system: design, assembly, and testing

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Politopoulos, Ioannis, Pragt, Johan, ter Horst, Rik, Roelfsema, Ronald, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Frey, Steffen, Helmi, Amina, Herrewijnen, Jeroen, de Jong, Roelof, Lehmitz, Michael, Navarro, Ramon, Saviauk, Allar, Sharples, Ray, Tyas, Luke, Schmoll, Jurgen, Seifert, Walter, de Haan, Menno, Schuil, Menno, Elswijk, Eddy, and Balbinot, Eduardo

Published
2022
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44. Status of the ARGOS project

Author

Marchetti, Enrico, Close, Laird M., Véran, Jean-Pierre, Rabien, Sebastian, Barl, Lothar, Beckmann, Udo, Bonaglia, Marco, Borelli, José Luis, Brynnel, Joar, Buschkamp, Peter, Busoni, Lorenzo, Christou, Julian, Connot, Claus, Davies, Richard, Deysenroth, Matthias, Esposito, Simone, Gässler, Wolfgang, Gemperlein, Hans, Hart, Michael, Kulas, Martin, Lefebvre, Michael, Lehmitz, Michael, Mazzoni, Tommaso, Nussbaum, Edmund, Orban de Xivry, Gilles, Peter, Diethard, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Raab, Walfried, Rahmer, Gustavo, Storm, Jesper, and Ziegleder, Julian

Published
2014
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45. 4MOST: Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals

Author

De Jong, Roelof S., Agertz, Oscar, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Aird, James, Alexander, David A., Amarsi, Anish, Anders, Friedrich, Andrae, Rene, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Ansorge, Wolfgang, Antilogus, Pierre, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Arentsen, Anke, Arnadottir, Anna, Asplund, Martin, Auger, Matt, Azais, Nicolas, Baade, Dietrich, Baker, Gabriella, Baker, Sufyan, Balbinot, Eduardo, Baldry, Ivan K., Banerji, Manda, Barden, Samuel, Barklem, Paul, Barthélémy-Mazot, Eléonore, Battistini, Chiara, Bauer, Svend, Bell, Cameron P. M., Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Bellstedt, Sabine, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bergemann, Maria, Bestenlehner, Joachim M., Bielby, Richard, Bilicki, Maciej, Blake, Chris, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Boeche, Corrado, Boland, Wilfried, Boller, Thomas, Bongard, Sebastien, Bongiorno, Angela, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Boudon, Didier, Brooks, David, Brown, Michael J. I., Brown, Rebecca, Brüggen, Marcus, Brynnel, Joar, Brzeski, Jurek, Buchert, Thomas, Buschkamp, Peter, Caffau, Elisabetta, Caillier, Patrick, Carrick, Jonathan, Casagrande, Luca, Case, Scott, Casey, Andrew, Cesarini, Isabella, Cescutti, Gabriele, Chapuis, Diane, Chiappini, Cristina, Childress, Michael, Christlieb, Norbert, Church, Ross, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Cluver, Michelle, Colless, Matthew, Collett, Thomas, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew, Couch, Warrick, Courbin, Frederic, Croom, Scott, Croton, Darren, Daguisé, Eric, Dalton, Gavin, Davies, Luke J. M., Davis, Tamara, De Laverny, Patrick, Deason, Alis, Dionies, Frank, Disseau, Karen, Doel, Peter, Döscher, Daniel, Driver, Simon P., Dwelly, Tom, Eckert, Dominique, Edge, Alastair, Edvardsson, Bengt, Youssoufi, Dalal El, Elhaddad, Ahmed, Enke, Harry, Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh, Farrell, Tony, Fechner, Thomas, Feiz, Carmen, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferreras, Ignacio, Feuerstein, Dietrich, Feuillet, Diane, Finoguenov, Alexis, Ford, Dominic, Fotopoulou, Sotiria, Fouesneau, Morgan, Frenk, Carlos, Frey, Steffen, Gaessler, Wolfgang, Geier, Stephan, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gerhard, Ortwin, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Giannone, Domenico, Gibson, Brad, Gillingham, Peter, González-Fernández, Carlos, Gonzalez-Solares, Eduardo, Gottloeber, Stefan, Gould, Andrew, Grebel, Eva K., Gueguen, Alain, Guiglion, Guillaume, Haehnelt, Martin, Hahn, Thomas, Hansen, Camilla J., Hartman, Henrik, Hauptner, Katja, Hawkins, Keith, Haynes, Dionne, Haynes, Roger, Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, Amina, Aguayo, Cesar Hernandez, Hewett, Paul, Hinton, Samuel, Hobbs, David, Hoenig, Sebastian, Hofman, David, Hook, Isobel, Hopgood, Joshua, Hopkins, Andrew, Hourihane, Anna, Howes, Louise, Howlett, Cullan, Huet, Tristan, Irwin, Mike, Iwert, Olaf, Jablonka, Pascale, Jahn, Thomas, Jahnke, Knud, Jarno, Aurélien, Jin, Shoko, Jofre, Paula, Johl, Diana, Jones, Damien, Jönsson, Henrik, Jordan, Carola, Karovicova, Iva, Khalatyan, Arman, Kelz, Andreas, Kennicutt, Robert, King, David, Kitaura, Francisco, Klar, Jochen, Klauser, Urs, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koch, Andreas, Koposov, Sergey, Kordopatis, Georges, Korn, Andreas, Kosmalski, Johan, Kotak, Rubina, Kovalev, Mikhail, Kreckel, Kathryn, Kripak, Yevgen, Krumpe, Mirko, Kuijken, Koen, Kunder, Andrea, Kushniruk, Iryna, Lam, Man I, Lamer, Georg, Laurent, Florence, Lawrence, Jon, Lehmitz, Michael, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, James, Li, Baojiu, Lidman, Chris, Lind, Karin, Liske, Jochen, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Loveday, Jon, Ludwig, Hans-Günter, McDermid, Richard M., Maguire, Kate, Mainieri, Vincenzo, Mali, Slavko, Mandel, Holger, Mandel, Kaisey, Mannering, Liz, Martell, Sarah, Delgado, David Martinez, Matijevic, Gal, McGregor, Helen, McMahon, Richard, McMillan, Paul, Mena, Olga, Merloni, Andrea, Meyer, Martin J., Michel, Christophe, Micheva, Genoveva, Migniau, Jean-Emmanuel, Minchev, Ivan, Monari, Giacomo, Muller, Rolf, Murphy, David, Muthukrishna, Daniel, Nandra, Kirpal, Navarro, Ramon, Ness, Melissa, Nichani, Vijay, Nichol, Robert, Nicklas, Harald, Niederhofer, Florian, Norberg, Peder, Obreschkow, Danail, Oliver, Seb, Owers, Matt, Pai, Naveen, Pankratow, Sergei, Parkinson, David, Paschke, Jens, Paterson, Robert, Pecontal, Arlette, Parry, Ian, Phillips, Dan, Pillepich, Annalisa, Pinard, Laurent, Pirard, Jeff, Piskunov, Nikolai, Plank, Volker, Plüschke, Dennis, Pons, Estelle, Popesso, Paola, Power, Chris, Pragt, Johan, Pramskiy, Alexander, Pryer, Dan, Quattri, Marco, Queiroz, Anna Barbara De Andrade, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rahurkar, Swara, Raichoor, Anand, Ramstedt, Sofia, Rau, Arne, Recio-Blanco, Alejandra, Reiss, Roland, Renaud, Florent, Revaz, Yves, Rhode, Petra, Richard, Johan, Richter, Amon David, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robotham, Aaron S. G., Roelfsema, Ronald, Romaniello, Martino, Rosario, David, Rothmaier, Florian, Roukema, Boudewijn, Ruchti, Gregory, Rupprecht, Gero, Rybizki, Jan, Ryde, Nils, Saar, Andre, Sadler, Elaine, Sahlén, Martin, Salvato, Mara, Sassolas, Benoit, Saunders, Will, Saviauk, Allar, Sbordone, Luca, Schmidt, Thomas, Schnurr, Olivier, Scholz, Ralf-Dieter, Schwope, Axel, Seifert, Walter, Shanks, Tom, Sheinis, Andrew, Sivov, Tihomir, Skúladóttir, Ása, Smartt, Stephen, Smedley, Scott, Smith, Greg, Smith, Robert, Sorce, Jenny, Spitler, Lee, Starkenburg, Else, Steinmetz, Matthias, Stilz, Ingo, Storm, Jesper, Sullivan, Mark, Sutherland, William, Swann, Elizabeth, Tamone, Amélie, Taylor, Edward N., Teillon, Julien, Tempel, Elmo, Ter Horst, Rik, Thi, Wing-Fai, Tolstoy, Eline, Trager, Scott, Traven, Gregor, Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, Tresse, Laurence, Valentini, Marica, Van De Weygaert, Rien, Van Den Ancker, Mario, Veljanoski, Jovan, Venkatesan, Sudharshan, Wagner, Lukas, Wagner, Karl, Walcher, C. Jakob, Waller, Lew, Walton, Nicholas, Wang, Lingyu, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Worley, C. Clare, Worseck, Gabor, Xiang, Maosheng, Xu, Wenli, Yong, David, Zhao, Cheng, Zheng, Jessica, Zscheyge, Florian, and Zucker, Daniel

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations., Published in The Messenger vol. 175, pp. 3-11, March 2019.

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