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Benzimidazole and its derivatives found variety of biological activities, for the searching of its potent antiinflammatory analogues, we synthesized four novel 4-(2-keto-1-benzimidazollinyl) piperidine derivatives (Q1 to Q4) by refluxing piperidine with substituted imidazole and subjected to in-vitro anti-inflammatory (ROS, NO) and antibacterial activities, structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. Results revealed that compound Q1 showed most effective anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 7.6±1.3 μg/ml compared with standard Ibuprofen having IC50 11.2±1.9μg/mL. Compound Q3 showed good activity for Nitrite accumulation by stimulating macrophages test similar to standard NG Methyl L-arginine acetate with IC50 value 24.2±0.8μg/mL. The antibacterial activity of these compounds were evaluated against selected Gram+ve E. faecalis, C. diphtheriae, S. aureus and Gram -ve organism E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and P. aeruginosa. Synthesized compounds showed low to moderate level of antibacterial activity Q1 showed the highest antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition 18mm and Q3 showed highest activity against Corynebacterium diptheriae (ZOI:18mm). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that among all the synthesized compounds unsubstituted naphthalene (Q1) and phenyl (Q3) ring containing derivatives were most potent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In search of potent molecules having antioxidant activity the present work was designed to synthesize 2, 6- diphenylpiperidine-4-one compounds (1a and 1b) and their imine derivatives (2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b). Compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction. The method was found to be simple, convenient with high yield and products were easily separated. Compounds 1a and 1b serves as an intermediate for the preparation of highly functionalized novel imine derivatives. Oxime (2a, 2b) and carbothioamide (3a, 3b) derivatives of 1a and 1b compounds were produced by condensation reaction with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide respectively. These compounds were characterized by IR, EI-mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of compounds was analyzed by 1, 1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. It was found that substituted aryl derivatives containing phenol and methoxy groups (1b, 2b and 3b) showed better antioxidant activity (IC50 values rang from 1.84- 4.53μg/ml) than unsubstituted aryl derivative (1a, 2a and 3a) (IC50 rang from 6.46-11.13μg/ml). Compound 1b exhibited excellent antioxidant activity (IC50 1.84±0.15μg/ml) comparable to standard ascorbic acid (IC501.65± 0.16μg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our memory is a treasure, a recollection of various events from our entire life. But a number of factors like aging, stress, anxiety, depression, injury, certain disorders or use of some medications may decrease the efficacy of our brain thereby affecting our memory. Objectives: The intend of our study was to evaluate the effect of a well renowned memory enhancing drug memantine on memory with fruits like apple (Malusdomestica) which is speculated to be good for memory. Methods: This study also aimed to put forward the positive effects of pear (Pyruscommunis L.) juice on memory. While 2nd part of study included qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screenings of apple and pear with peels and without peels. For first part of study, in vivo testing has been done onto 4 groups, i.e. control group, reference group, test group A &test group B. Mice's behavior was evaluated using two apparatus i.e. Elevated Plus Maze for 3 days & Novel Object Recognition Chamber for 2 days. While phytochemical analysis has been performed on the pericarp and mesocarp region of fresh fruits which were isolated, shade dried, blended and finely powdered. Result: Results prove that pear juice does impart positive effects on memory and can prove to be an alternative in the prevention of memory loss. Both tested fruits (apple& pear in juice/liquid form), do pose remarkably positive effects on brain's activity. Apple juice has shown more memory enhancing effects and was closer to that of our standard drug i.e. memantine. It can be concluded that apple and pear both contain flavonoids like quercetin and epicatechin, having antioxidant properties, which can help reverting or preventing the age-related oxidative degeneration of neurons. Conclusion: Although the memory enhancing effects of reference standard i.e. memantine is high as compare to our tested fruit juices but still it gives hope and evidenced that apple and pear juices can serve as memory enhancers to save our memory from deteriorating and active constituents from apples and pears could consider as excellent source for drug development and future pharmacological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: After the commencement of the Internet and the popularity of various electronic devices, cyberloafing has become prevalent in the workplace regardless of professional type, demographic characteristics, and country. Individuals use the Internet for work-irrelevant purposes during work hours, which is believed to have a controversial role in work productivity. However, rare studies have paid attention to the prevalence of cyberloafing behavior among Pakistan pharmacists. Considering pharmacists' essential role in the health sector, this study investigates the prevalence of cyberloafing activities among workplace pharmacists in Pakistan., Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 242 registered pharmacists in Pakistan between October 2021 and February 2022 with a structured self-administered online questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 200 valid responses after screening. Data were processed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Pearson Chi-square analysis was also used to test the correlation between factors., Findings: Descriptive analysis shows that pharmacists spend more time on sharing-related activities and least on gambling/gaming-related activities in the workplace. All the items' Cronbach's alpha values range from 0.923 to 0.927. The analysis indicates that (60%) pharmacists have intermediate Internet skills. The results also suggest that age, Internet usage, and work area have a strong relationship with cyberloafing behaviors which also, in turn, are linked with their perceived Internet skills. This study has important practical implications for pharmacy management in Pakistan., Conclusion: Cyberloafing behavior is prevalent among Pakistan pharmacists. Our findings could inspire how managers and all other relevant stakeholders could improve the pharmacy system in Pakistan., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice.)