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Until now the altitudinal factor has not been taken into account to estimate tropical arthropod diversity. The ultimate aim of the terrestrial biodiversity survey "Our Planet Reviewed – Papua New Guinea" was to estimate biological diversity generated by altitudinal turnover of arthropod species. It took place on Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea highest peak (4509 m a.s.l.), and one of the few equatorial mountains outside the Andes left with a continuous undisturbed forest from the sea level all the way to the timber line limit. An unprecedented sampling effort was concentrated over 16 days in 2012 with a semi-simultaneous sampling at eight different elevations (every 500 m from 200 m to 3700 m a.s.l.). Arthropods were collected with various methods: flight interception traps (targeting Coleoptera), Malaise traps (targeting Hymenoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera), Steiner traps (targeting tephritid flies), beating of the understorey vegetation, and insecticide spraying on tree barks (various groups targeted). A botany survey was conducted at each elevation to characterize vegetation. An additional site, Wanang, was sampled according to the same protocol, as replicated lowland site. Our team combined international experts with local postgraduate students, para-ecologists and villagers. Arthropod samples collected during the biotic survey were pre-sorted in Papua New Guinea and forwarded to taxonomists worldwide. The current book presents the first taxonomic results of the biotic survey. Project outputs included not only species discovery, but also direct financial benefits to landowner communities, raised profile of conservation areas, training of paraecologists and postgraduate students, education programmes and, finally, crucial biodiversity information needed for ecological analyses and conservation management.

International audience

International audience; The activities of the CEA corrosion department (Service de la corrosion et du comportement des materiaux dans leur environnement SCCME) are mainly concerned by the facilities of the nuclear fuel cycle. They include uranium separation and enrichment, fuel issues (thermodynamics and cladding interactions), nuclear reactors (generation 2, 3 and 4) and waste management (reprocessing plants and storage). In these various nuclear environments, corrosion science faces new challenges. It will be illustrated by three main areas where increases of knowledge and understanding have been done and are still needed to face the technical needs (i)the extension of the life time of nuclear power plants (NPPs) from 30-40 years as initially planned, to 60 years and probably more as expected now, and with mainly the stress corrosion cracking issues. (ii)The choice of materials for use at very high temperatures as expected in Generation IV power plants in various environments like gas (helium), supercritical water, liquid metals or salts. (iii)The prediction of long term behaviour of metallic materials in nuclear waste disposal where the corrosion processes have to be predicted over large periods of time, some thousands years and more.NPPs life time extension, deep geological waste repositories and high temperature reactors sustain researches and developments to model corrosion phenomena at various scales, from atoms to components, from nanoseconds to millennia. To conclude, some illustrations will be given on activities more related to decommissioning where fundamental knowledge, modelling and applied experiments are also needed.

International audience; Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are promising materials as fuel claddings for future nuclear reactors. Indeed, they exhibit a good swelling resistance under irradiation thanks to their metallic body-centered cubic matrix FeCrW [1]. Beside, their titanium and yttrium nano-oxides dispersion increases their mechanical properties at high temperature [2] and under irradiation [1]. The usual way to produce an ODS material is a high energy milling of powders FeCrWTi and Y2O3 followed by thermo-mechanical treatments. Nevertheless, the process seems to be rather hard to control since the huge variations of mechanical properties observed in the literature.Previously, a new elaboration route inspired of reactive ball milling was developed on a very small milling device (FeCrW+YFe3+Fe2Ti+Fe2O3) where the crucial role of the milling parameters was highlighted [3, 4]. Two powders revealed different after milling remained different despite any post-milling heat treatment [4]. The goal of the actual study is to elaborate hot extruded ODS steels with the new method and determine the influence of milling parameters on the microstructure and the mechanical properties. This study proves the efficiency of the new procedure at large scale to elaborate ODS steels and highlights the role of carbon and nitrogen on the mechanical properties.[1]R.L. Klueh et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials. 341 (2005) 103.[2]T.R. Allen et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials. 375 (2008) 26.[3]M. Brocq et al. , Journal of Nuclear Materials. 409 (2011) 80.[4]M. Laurent-Brocq et al., Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 7150.

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