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This article draws on Native American theory and archival sources, and colonial archival sources, to reframe land as an agent, partner in cultural production, and ally in resistance to colonialism. The article explains how land structures Haudenosaunee and Mohegan society in narrative and law. It examines how land's agency appears in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Mason Land Case. It does so first from a colonial perspective, where land is inert property and Native peoples are unable to comprehend land as such, then from a Mohegan perspective, where land is a societal member and partner in resisting colonialism. Mohegan recognition of land's agency and land's influence on Native resistance is representative of what this essay calls literature of landed resistance. This framework elucidates how Native authors situate their relationships to land in order to move across colonial boundaries, continue active relationships with land in spite of colonialism, and resist colonialism alongside land. Through literature of landed resistance, this article shows how Mohegan leaders Uncas, Appageese, and Samson Occom detail responsibility to land that allows them to represent land's agency in a manner not seen in settler texts and legislation, and to partner with land in acts of resistance. Understanding land as an active member of society and legislator shows land's role as an agent and influence in community- and nation-building. (Re)animating land across history opens up new avenues in environmental justice studies to think about history, cultural production, and rights beyond the human and strengthens Native sovereignty through evidence of historic Native relations to land beyond property law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Language Problems & Language Planning is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focused on the Quezon City Prosecutor's Office, aiming to understand the importance of efficient case disposition in the legal system. It used a comprehensive research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate various aspects of the prosecutors' work. The quantitative analysis highlighted the role of caseload volume, case complexity, and time management in case disposition efficiency. However, the qualitative component, based on conversations with prosecutors, provided valuable depth to their recommendations and emphasized the advantages of a centralized system. In conclusion, this research has broader implications beyond Quezon City and serves as a blueprint for legal system reform. It has the potential to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of the justice system, contributing to a safer and more orderly society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popular method of ideal point estimation provides empirical legal scholars with spatial representations of the Supreme Court justices that help elucidate ideological inclinations and voting behavior. This is done primarily in one dimension, where politics dominates, though recent work details a second dimension capturing differing attitudes on the authority of various legal actors. This paper explores a new network-theoretic tree-based method for visualizing the relationships between the justices, based on their voting records, that allows scholars to study the intricate branching structure of the Court. It is shown how this tool can be used to uncover periods in the Court's history where the balance on the bench fractured in unusual and interesting ways. Moreover, by defining several tree-based measures and charting their evolution over time, a picture emerges that throughout the past fifty years the Court became increasingly linear and bipolar, dividing along political lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administración Pública is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of verifying the status of children is a recurring topic within the community. Unfortunately, amidst the numerous daily issues that arise, this particular matter tends to be overlooked. While it was previously a prominent subject of discussion across different societal levels, it has been overshadowed by subsequent concerns. One contributing factor to this is the absence of a definitive ruling from an authoritative religious body in Malaysia. Additionally, disagreements among scholars on this matter persist, compounded by the fact that religious affairs fall under the jurisdiction of the Sultan, the King, and the States as stipulated in Article 3(2) of the Federal Constitution and the Eighth Schedule II of the same Act. This study adopts a problem-based learning approach commonly employed in Shariah lectures. Its objectives encompass cultivating critical thinking among law pupils/students to objectively identify problems, generate solutions, and subsequently justify those solutions. Throughout this process, students are encouraged to explore various methods of data collection and analysis, thereby comprehending and analyzing the study's underlying concepts. The analytical techniques employed encompass descriptive, deductive, inductive, and comparative analysis. The outcomes of this systematic problem-solving process facilitate a comprehensive understanding of legal issues, thereby contributing to the development of law students' skills, particularly in Shariah, when confronted with similar cases. This study suggests the application of a case study-based approach, similar to the one employed here, to other relevant cases. By doing so, the skills of law pupils/students, particularly in the field of Shariah, can be enhanced, leading to more effective learning and teaching processes. Abstrak Isu pengesahan taraf anak adalah antara isu yang sentiasa menjadi perbincangan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Walau bagaimanapun pun isu ini tenggelam timbul di tengah berbagai-bagai isu yang datang setiap hari. Sekejap ia menjadi isu yang panas sehingga dibincangkan dalam pelbagai peringkat masyarakat, namun ada ketikanya ia tenggelam dibawa arus oleh isu-isu lain yang datang kemudian. Salah satu puncanya ialah kerana belum ada satu kata putus yang tuntas dari badan agama yang berautoriti di Malaysia. Tidak dapat dinafikan antara sebab perkara ini berlaku adalah kerana wujud perbezaan pandangan dalam kalangan ulama berkaitan isu ini di samping urusan agama adalah terletak di bawah bidang kuasa sultan, raja dan negeri-negeri seperti yang termaktub dalam Perkara 3 (2) Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan jadual kelapan senarai II dalam undang-undang yang sama. Makalah ini ditulis sebagai sebahagian dari kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (problem-based learning) yang dijalankan di dalam kelas perundangan Syariah. Tujuan kajian ialah mengasah pemikiran pelajar undang-undang dalam mengenal pasti masalah secara objektif, menyediakan jawapan kepada masalah yang dihadapi dan akhirnya mewajarkan penyelesaian masalah yang dibuat. Dalam proses ini pelajar digalakkan meneroka pelbagai metode pengumpulan dan analisis data dalam memahami konsep, mencerna dan menganalisis kajian. Antara metode analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis deskriptif, deduktif, induktif dan perbandingan. Hasil proses ini membolehkan pelajar boleh memahami dengan jelas proses penyelesaian masalah secara sistematik. Ia seterusnya memberi impak kepada penyelesaian masalah berkaitan perundangan dengan lebih terperinci, jelas dan sistematik sekali gus menyumbang kepada peningkatan tahap kemahiran pelajar undang-undang khususnya Syariah dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu kes. Makalah ini mencadangkan agar proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran berasaskan kajian kes seperti ini diadaptasikan kepada kes-kes lain yang berkaitan agar kemahiran tersebut dapat diterapkan kepada pelajar undang-undang khasnya dalam bidang Syariah.

In this paper, we analyse the development of the term "legal capabilities". More specifically, we do three things. First, we track the emergence and development of the notion of legal capabilities. The term legal capabilities was used in legal research long before the capability approach was introduced in that field. Early on, its conceptualisation mainly reflected elements of legal literacy. In more recent writings, it is claimed that the notion is based on the capability approach. Second, we critically analyse the current use of the term legal capabilities and show that there is no proper theoretical grounding of this term in the capability approach. This is problematic, because it might give rise to misunderstandings and flawed policy recommendations. Third, we suggest some first steps towards a revision of the notion of legal capabilities. Starting from the concept of "access to justice", legal capabilities have to be understood as the real opportunities someone has to get access to justice, rather than merely as formal opportunities or internal capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Legal studies continue to develop dynamically following the social developments of society. With various perspectives emerging about law lag because it needs to be legalized through legislation, this has resulted in an accumulation of legal problems that cannot be resolved by legislation, in addition to overlapping legal products. After more than 75 years of independence, the idea of reforming Indonesian law seems to have received less response from legal experts. Thus, the law tends to legitimize power, without initiating efforts to create a society that is aware of the law, resulting in the law being passive and unresponsive based on the spirit and ideals of the law in accordance with the national character. Positioning the law as a civilization is certainly based on the ideals, views, values, and character of the social order so that it can place the law as an embodiment of the awareness and character of the Indonesian nation. With the interests of legal scientific orientation in various higher education institutions in the future, it is necessary to consider legal scholarship with authentic character with an Indonesian spirit. The problem of legal passivity must be resolved so that in the future the law will be at the forefront of guiding the order of life to be more civilized and dignified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Officials tout possibilities of private contracts to produce gas resources. • Mexican stakeholders show disconnect between access and contract rights. • Contract signatories use contracts for own ends, not for largescale gas production. • Examining contract form and function is a fruitful research agenda for geographers. We examine how contracts mediate private industry access to state-owned subterranean resources. Using a case study from one of Mexico's most productive onshore natural gas fields, the Burgos Basin, we link contract literatures in geography and critical legal scholarship to answer the following two questions: Does the contract text correspond to how private companies access state-owned subsurface resources, and what purposes do the contracts serve for the contract signatories beyond resource production? The data suggest that contract winners have, so far, limited their drilling activities on the Burgos Basin. This situation draws attention to a puzzle wherein natural gas reserves are not being produced, but the contracts remain active and important to both the contractors and the government. Putting semi-structured interview data into direct conversation with contract text to answer our research questions, we encourage a deeper engagement with how extractive contracts are used to access state-owned resources. First, we uncover how the contract text is not instructive of how or why a private firm will access the resource or why the state enters the contract. Second, we highlight the ways that the contract fails to actualize resource production using a mechanisms of access approach to guide our analysis. Third, we show that resource contracts facilitate relationships and advance the interests of the contract parties regardless of what the actual text purports to do. We finally describe how state-firm resource contracts offer a fruitful area of exploration for geographers interested in resource production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few published studies investigating the effectiveness of hybrid formats at the program level in graduate legal education. A hybrid Juris Doctorate (J.D.) program launched by a Midwestern institution was the first ABA-accredited law degree program with a substantial online learning component. This study takes a mixed methods approach (both quantitative and qualitative) to evaluate student outcomes and the extent to which the hybrid program expands access to legal education. The study compares student outcomes in the hybrid program with full-time and part-time traditional, in-person programs at the same institution. After three terms of data collection, findings suggest that student outcomes and engagement are comparable across formats when controlling for student background characteristics and prior achievement. Evidence suggests that the hybrid option may increase access to legal education but is insufficient to determine whether the hybrid program will increase availability of legal services in underserved areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Law and film is a quickly-developing interdisciplinary branch which has recently been getting more and more attention, while being almost completely ignored in the Republic of Croatia. The themes that law and film cover are various. Firstly, it can be observed how law and film affect each other and how that interrelation affects the opinions of citizens – i.e. the progress of legal culture overall. Also, film can be observed as a sort of source of law, since certain films and/or scenes can serve as case studies. In this topic there will be mention of several famous films which are entirely (or most of the time) set in a courtroom (so-called courtroom dramas).

The analyses of publishing trends are gaining importance across various disciplines, yet we have limited knowledge on the extent to which international publication processes have developed within the field of legal studies. Based on bibliometric and network analyses focusing on the past two decades, our research investigates publishing and internationalization processes in the pool of Scopus-indexed law journals, as well as the publication patterns of the most prolific Law scholars. Results indicate that most legal studies journals are concentrated in the hands of a few global publishers and university presses, and, while the number of Scopus-indexed law journals are high, the level of internationalization is relatively low. Consequently, further efforts are prompted to enhance geographical diversity and increase the level of international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begun in the summer of 1923, the Silent Valley Reservoir was the first large scale civil engineering project after the division between the North and the South of Ireland. It was the continuation of a previous project. In the late Nineteenth Century a portion of the Kilkeel and Annalong Rivers in the Mourne Mountains had been diverted 35 miles to provide water for the growing industrial city of Belfast in the North of Ireland. A reservoir in the mountains was also planned at a later date but this was delayed by the Great War and then by Irish political instability and the high cost of construction in immediate post war period. Before being completed the project had to overcome several obstacles. Firstly, the Mourne Mountains were claimed by the South of Ireland and thus subject to the Boundary Commission of the Anglo-Irish peace treaty. The Water Commissioners had brought important British political leaders to tour the Silent Valley construction site in an attempt to demonstrate how implausible a situation (in their opinion) that the South should control the major water supply to the capital city of the North. Secondly, shortly after the Boundary Commission was shelved, the combination of fluid subsoil and the failure to locate bedrock at expected depth brought construction to a halt while an engineering, political, and legal solution was sought for the expensive and now publicly controversial project. This article traces the contingent relationship between state (sovereignty) and technology (water reservoir) using a socio legal and socio material description of the crucial arbitration process enabling further time and resources for resolution of the difficulty. Ultimately an air-shaft device for excavating under increased atmospheric pressure had to be designed taking in mind both technical and political difficulties. Today the 3000-million-gallon reservoir, first imagined in the late Nineteenth Century, continues to be a major water source for the city of Belfast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]