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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the role of administrative courts in ensuring the legal security of an individual in the area of family law. The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate the guarantee of the preservation by the Polish constitutional legislator of the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man and the family created on this basis (Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). The article discusses the essence of legal security and the role of administrative courts in ensuring it, as well as the guarantee nature of the regulations of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Against this outlined background, the thesis on the inadmissibility of institutionalization of same-sex unions is argued. Problems resulting from the judicial practice of administrative courts related to the transcription of a child's birth certificate are also discussed. The scientific research was conducted by using traditional methods of jurisprudence, primarily the formal-dogmatic method. The linguistic, systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was applied. The directions of operational interpretation resulting from the case law of administrative courts were discussed. The views found in the literature on the subject (doctrinal interpretation) were taken into account, too. According to the author, the perspective of legal security strengthens the arguments stemming from the linguistic and historical interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution and allows for a better justification of the inadmissibility of institutionalizing same-sex unions by means of a statute. Such a procedure seems particularly useful in the face of the growing tendencies in the law of other countries to eliminate the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man.

The article explores the interplay between national courts and European Union institutions in the context of competition law enforcement of rules enshrined in Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. Cooperation between national competition authorities and national courts on one hand and EU institutions on the other hand is crucial for ensuring the effective and consistent application of competition rules. The article deals with the mechanisms of this cooperation. It examines the role of the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in providing guidance to national competition authorities and national courts. The article underscores the importance of a cohesive approach to competition law enforcement that is applied by national institutions of the EU member states. The concept and meaning of legal security in criminal law is well defined by Professor Jadwiga Potrzeszcz who states that "legal security is a state achieved by law established in general, and in particular by means of criminal law, in which human life’s goods and interests are protected in the most comprehensive and effective possible manner (and) harmonizes properly with the most important functions of criminal law, namely with a protective function and a guarantee function." (Potrzeszcz, 2018, p. 301) In accordance with the aforementioned definition, the author aims to introduce Criminal Codes that were in effect in the territory of present-day Slovakia, shedding light on whether they were guarantees of legal security in the state or not, i.e., whether they protected "human life’s goods and interests in the most comprehensive and effective possible manner."

One of the basic elements of world order is properly functioning legal systems of individual states. The Sars-Covid pandemic and armed conflicts around the world, including those involving Europe, have strained the certainty of legal transactions in the countries of the UN system and the need to seek new supranational solutions, especially in the field of international trade. The pillar of security is therefore becoming instruments of international law, with the World Trade Organization in mind. A special tool of this organization are the dispute settlement mechanisms to which member states must adhere. In the conducted research, the thesis was put forward that one of the guarantors of the security of legal transactions is the resolution of disputes using the basic legal tools of this organization. It was proved that disputes between states themselves become solvable if they are transferred to the WTO.

The author describes two crucial periods in Slovak legal history from the perspective of the principle of legal security in criminal law. Firstly, the 19th-century Criminal Code, known as the Csemegi Code, is at the center of attention as it ended the centuries-long legal insecurity resulting from the lack of criminal law codification. The author analyses its leading principles as the safeguard of legal security. In contrast, the second part of the article focuses on the second codification of criminal law in Slovak legal history, the Criminal Code of 1950. The author demonstrates how the totalitarian regime destroyed the principle of legal security in criminal law in Slovakia, only slowly rebuilding it after the death of Joseph Stalin through amendments in 1956 and new legislation in 1961. The current Slovak Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code have been in effect since 2006. In conclusion, the author draws attention to how the latest changes in criminal law codes caused turbulences and worries over the principle of legal security in Slovakia.

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the role of administrative courts in ensuring the legal security of an individual in the area of family law. The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate the guarantee of the preservation by the Polish constitutional legislator of the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man and the family created on this basis (Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). The article discusses the essence of legal security and the role of administrative courts in ensuring it, as well as the guarantee nature of the regulations of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Against this outlined background, the thesis on the inadmissibility of institutionalization of same-sex unions is argued. Problems resulting from the judicial practice of administrative courts related to the transcription of a child's birth certificate are also discussed. The scientific research was conducted by using traditional methods of jurisprudence, primarily the formal-dogmatic method. The linguistic, systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was applied. The directions of operational interpretation resulting from the case law of administrative courts were discussed. The views found in the literature on the subject (doctrinal interpretation) were taken into account, too. According to the author, the perspective of legal security strengthens the arguments stemming from the linguistic and historical interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution and allows for a better justification of the inadmissibility of institutionalizing same-sex unions by means of a statute. Such a procedure seems particularly useful in the face of the growing tendencies in the law of other countries to eliminate the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author describes two crucial periods in Slovak legal history from the perspective of the principle of legal security in criminal law. Firstly, the 19th-century Criminal Code, known as the Csemegi Code, is at the center of attention as it ended the centuries-long legal insecurity resulting from the lack of criminal law codification. The author analyses its leading principles as the safeguard of legal security. In contrast, the second part of the article focuses on the second codification of criminal law in Slovak legal history, the Criminal Code of 1950. The author demonstrates how the totalitarian regime destroyed the principle of legal security in criminal law in Slovakia, only slowly rebuilding it after the death of Joseph Stalin through amendments in 1956 and new legislation in 1961. The current Slovak Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code have been in effect since 2006. In conclusion, the author draws attention to how the latest changes in criminal law codes caused turbulences and worries over the principle of legal security in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses a highly relevant issue for the judicial system of the Milagro canton: the impact on legal certainty in judicial processes related to drug offenses following the repeal of the drug consumption table. This analytical research aims to examine how the absence of the consumption table has affected the development of judicial processes, investigating the implications for the legal certainty of the parties involved. The methodological design employed was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, using surveys and interviews as data collection techniques. Regarding the results, the research not only confirmed the achievement of the proposed objectives but also provided new insights into how the repeal of the drug consumption table has impacted legal certainty and the application of the law in the Milagro canton. The findings highlight the urgency of introducing new clear regulations, strengthening judicial training, reviewing anti-drug policies, and considering support from international organizations to improve the management of the judicial system in the context of the fight against drug trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the framework of the paper, the author elaborates on the issue of corruption and its harmful effect in several segments of social life. It is emphasized that corrupt actions are a negation of the value system which is based on modern civilizational understandings. By denying the system of values, corruption creates a parallel system contrary to the normatively defined one, that is, it acts as its counterthesis and through it opposite effects are created, that is, a parallel system that is aimed at circumventing and breaking the established rules and creating a chaotic state. In that direction, the author also presents the relationship between corruption and the rule of law, completely opposite concepts, where corruption is the negation of the rule of law. If the rule of law is in the direction of the correct application of norms by independent institutions with institutional and personal integrity of employees, then corruption is aimed at undermining such integrity and managing institutions in a way that allows abuse of public powers by individuals or groups . The author emphasizes the impact of corruption on economic growth, the level of poverty and the existence of organized crime. All of these relationships have a common point of connection, which is the disruption of the financial system and enabling the enrichment of corrupt persons through the violation of legal norms. The high level of corruption in a country has a strong negative effect on economic development, since state resources are spent in a way that is contrary to what is legally established, through various forms of abuse, mostly in the area of public procurement, through embezzlement, fraud and similar actions. In addition, the author emphasizes that the high degree of corruption does not create competitive conditions, but illegal monopolies are created and maintained as such, and foreign investors avoid such countries for investment because there is legal uncertainty and dysfunctional institutions. Through the analyzing of the relationship between corruption and organized crime, the author emphasizes that countries with weak institutions and a high degree of corruption are particularly vulnerable, and there the groups that deal with organized crime grow stronger. The author points out that the more organized crime groups become financially powerful, the more their efforts to infiltrate politics, that is, institutions, and therefore also in the implementation of legal regulations, will strengthen. This is a particularly dangerous situation and if they succeed in such a goal, then there are serious problems in the functioning of the legal state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the paper, the author elaborates on the issue of corruption and its harmful effect in several segments of social life. It is emphasized that corrupt actions are a negation of the value system which is based on modern civilizational understandings. By denying the system of values, corruption creates a parallel system contrary to the normatively defined one, that is, it acts as its counterthesis and through it opposite effects are created, that is, a parallel system that is aimed at circumventing and breaking the established rules and creating a chaotic state. In that direction, the author also presents the relationship between corruption and the rule of law, completely opposite concepts, where corruption is the negation of the rule of law. If the rule of law is in the direction of the correct application of norms by independent institutions with institutional and personal integrity of employees, then corruption is aimed at undermining such integrity and managing institutions in a way that allows abuse of public powers by individuals or groups . The author emphasizes the impact of corruption on economic growth, the level of poverty and the existence of organized crime. All of these relationships have a common point of connection, which is the disruption of the financial system and enabling the enrichment of corrupt persons through the violation of legal norms. The high level of corruption in a country has a strong negative effect on economic development, since state resources are spent in a way that is contrary to what is legally established, through various forms of abuse, mostly in the area of public procurement, through embezzlement, fraud and similar actions. In addition, the author emphasizes that the high degree of corruption does not create competitive conditions, but illegal monopolies are created and maintained as such, and foreign investors avoid such countries for investment because there is legal uncertainty and dysfunctional institutions. Through the analyzing of the relationship between corruption and organized crime, the author emphasizes that countries with weak institutions and a high degree of corruption are particularly vulnerable, and there the groups that deal with organized crime grow stronger. The author points out that the more organized crime groups become financially powerful, the more their efforts to infiltrate politics, that is, institutions, and therefore also in the implementation of legal regulations, will strengthen. This is a particularly dangerous situation and if they succeed in such a goal, then there are serious problems in the functioning of the legal state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to clarify the key areas of activity for national security entities. The research employed epistemological, structural-functional, formal-logical, analytical, and dogmatic methods. The findings underscore the significance of the legal domain in ensuring national security, emphasizing the need for effective legal frameworks and institutions. The social dimension focuses on creating conditions for societal wellbeing and minimizing social risks. The economic aspect involves regulating foreign economic activity and supporting domestic producers. The political dimension centers on minimizing political risks and threats to the state's functioning. The study concludes that these areas are interconnected and interdependent, and their integration and coordination are crucial for sustainable and secure state development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Choosing the best strategy for the functioning of a tourism enterprise is a considerable factor that affects its safety and development. Such choices depend on a considerable number of variables, including environmental, economic, and legal challenges, which are exacerbated by the hyper-dynamic environment. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodical approach to evaluating the strategies of functioning of a tourism enterprise. The key research methods were the expert analysis method, which helped to determine the impact of certain challenges, and the BOCR method, which formed the basis for modelling. The study created a model for evaluating the proposed two variants for the strategy of functioning of a tourism enterprise according to the four BOCR criteria: positive effects, costs, opportunities, and risks of environmental, economic, and legal nature. Thus, it was possible to create a basis for building an information framework for the development and implementation of an optimised strategy that will satisfy all the environmental, economic, and legal needs of the modern tourism industry. It was found that martial law in Ukraine leads to an increase in the dynamism of the external environment, wherein an adaptive approach allows such open socioeconomic systems as modern tourism enterprises to function safely. The study found that the best strategy for tourism enterprises as of 2024 is a dynamic adaptive one, which involves dynamic actions and allocation of own resources for the development of domestic tourism with the expansion of international corporate cooperation and partnership. The study described how the proposed strategy of operation affects the legal security of tourism enterprises. The practical value and significance of the findings obtained is that the proposed methodological approach to assessing the strategies of functioning of a tourism enterprise can be used by the subjects of both economic and legal security, which include the management of the enterprises themselves and persons making managerial decisions in the field of ensuring their security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Fiscal is the property of Revista de Derecho Fiscal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into notarial activities has revolutionized the way procedures are processed by significantly enhancing speed and legal security, which are key aspects for user satisfaction. This shift responds to the growing demand for fast and secure notarial services, where efficiency and legal protection are priorities. Through the analysis conducted with the neutrosophic RAFSI method, risks derived from digitalization have been identified and classified, proposing effective solutions for their mitigation. Among these, the need to update regulations to adapt them to the digital context and the importance of training notaries in digital competencies and cyber security stand out. These measures are focused not only on streamlining notarial procedures but also on reinforcing trust in notarial services, marking a significant advance toward the modernization of notarial practice in the digital era. In conclusion, the fusion of ICT with notarial activities, supported by risk control and supervision, has effectively balanced service speed with legal security, meeting the current expectations of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the analysis of constitutional and legal problems of ensuring the security of society and the state in all their multifaceted economic, political and legal content. Negative factors affecting basic constitutional values are indicated: conflicts, gaps and other defects in legislation, inconsistencies between natural law and positive norms, legal nihilism of subjects of constitutional-legal relations, low level of their legal culture, abuse of law. Legal (legal) security, which is a derivative and integral component of information security, is analyzed. It is argued that in a legal state, legal information is the basis of the existence of the state itself, its ability to successfully protect the values of civilized coexistence. The purpose of the research was to determine the essence of the constitution, as a normative and legal basis for resolving social contradictions in society and the state and achieving on this basis the security of the individual, society and the state, as a legally legitimized balance of interests of all social groups of society, as a measure of the balance achieved in society and the state between power and freedom. The article deals with issues related to risk factors in the field of legal security and risk factors that are directly related to law-making or law enforcement. The issues and directions of protection of the Constitution itself at the level of national security against attempts at illegitimate modernization, facts of replacing constitutional norms with political expediency have been studied. The position that the Constitution should define internal security by establishing a certain level of the degree of protection of its own provisions at the level of national security is substantiated, since attempts to illegitimately modernize the Constitution and the facts of replacing constitutional norms with political expediency remain relevant. It is argued that constitutional security is an integral part of national security, as it primarily involves the security state of the country's constitutional system and the main act that enshrines it - the Constitution, including the elimination of its abuse. An analysis of the relationship and interdependence of the concepts «constitutional law», «national security» and «constitutional security» was carried out. Conclusions were made that, based on the essential characteristics of the constitution, as a set of main norms of direct action, it is an indisputable and unique guarantee of the stability of the political system, the main guarantor of the realization of the vital values of the people, a legally legitimized balance of interests of all social groups of society, to the extent achieved in society and the state balance between power and freedom. The argument is supported that practically all institutions of constitutional law have a direct influence on the provision of the national security system. This is confirmed in almost all functions of the constitution - constitutive, organizational, foreign policy, ideological and, of course, legal, and therefore - they must receive consistent specification and development in sectoral as well as special legislation, which has as its subject the legal regulation of national security. It is proposed that since the legal regulation of national security is carried out by the Constitution of Ukraine and other acts of constitutional legislation, accordingly, it is a full-fledged institution of constitutional law and is subject to study within the framework of the subject of constitutional and legal science. It is noted that any measures to ensure national security cannot be carried out outside the legal field of the state, in a way and by bodies not provided for by legislation, and since the Constitution is the basis of legislation, we have every reason to consider ensuring national security as the main function of the Constitution, along with regulation of other spheres of social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the evolution of the experimental paradigm in legal frameworks, tracing its development from early influences in comparative law to the contemporary application of regulatory sandboxes. It begins with the integration of empirical methods inspired by scientific research into the field of law. The exploration covers various aspects of experimental law, including federalism, comparative law, legisprudence, emergency and incremental legislation, soft law, sunset legislation, temporary regulations, and experimental legislation stricto sensu. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and implications of balancing experimental law's flexibility with the need for legal stability and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health sciences and advances in the development and implementation of Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques (HRT) contribute to the application of legal norms by the rule of law in the establishment of family ties, which promotes affiliation in homoparental families, the application of these techniques is carried out on people who suffer from infertility, who give their consent for HRT to be performed on them. The Legal Security of the governed regarding the right to establish, found and form a family unit must allow the correct and adequate application of the resources produced by medical science. The contribution of the TRHA proposes the evolution of the family institution through the concrete analysis of homoparental families, on the firm acceptance of establishing for marriage the union between two people, as well as those that have abandoned the concept of nuclear family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the digital age has transformed the way businesses operate and consumers shop. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has revolutionized the global marketplace, providing convenience, accessibility, and efficiency. However, this digital revolution has brought about a multitude of legal considerations that must be addressed to ensure legal security in e-commerce contracts. In this article, we delve into the critical aspects that businesses and consumers alike should be aware of to navigate the complex landscape of electronic commerce contracts.

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying the features of the manifestation of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional service activities and determining its place in the system of principles of public service.Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the positions existing in science regarding the definition of the term “principle of public service”, the classification of the principles of public service and the features of the legal consolidation of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional activities in the system of principles for the construction and functioning of the public service system.Analysis. Sufficient attention is not paid to the identification of the features of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional service activities and determining its place in the system of principles of public service in legal science. The theoretical and normative definition of this principle has not been formulated. Legislation on public service, fixing the principle under consideration, does not disclose its definition and does not specify the forms of its expression.Results. Consideration of the content of the provisions of regulatory legal acts led to the conclusion that the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional activities is a guiding principle enshrined in the norms of the legislation on public service, as well as the guiding principle arising from their content, aimed at ensuring the interests of the public service by preventing unlawful influence of state bodies, officials, individuals and legal entities on the performance by civil servants of their official duties.

The aim of this essay is to describe the (non)observance of state obligations regarding the legal security of housing awarded through the Great Housing Mission Venezuela (GHVV). The review is carried out from the human rights-based approach (HRBA) because it places people as rights holders and the State as the main bearer of obligations. The analysis highlights the existence of a regulation, of varying relevance, that is supposed to be aimed at protecting the human right to adequate housing, especially for low-income families, which coexists with situations that represent risks to the effective realization of its purposes, such as limitations on the ownership of real estate and complaints of forced evictions and discrimination based on political affiliation or nationality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The Digital Markets Act is a new European Regulation which entered into force on October 2022. It will apply to "gatekeepers", namely undertakings providing core platform services, with the aim of fostering "fairness" and "contestability" in the digital sector. If these objectives appear at first sight both relevant and legitimate, this paper sheds light on the dark side of this Regulation by arguing that it will undermine the Rule of Law. Indeed, for several reasons which will be discussed, the Digital Markets Act will impede or limit the respect of principles which are deeply rooted in the legal tradition of European countries. This leads to an important question: is the cure worse than the disease? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In recent decades, several public and private institutions have pointed out the deficiencies in the Judicial Administration in Spain and, consequently, proposals for reform have been put forward, including the establishment of alternative dispute resolutions (ADRs) that will inevitably arise between individuals and companies. Both in fact represent two ways of solving social conflicts, of doing justice, but in which the observance of the legal guarantees of citizens must the reserve of the Judicial System as a common procedure. Therefore, ADRs are not competitive mechanisms in the sense of being exclusive or alternative, but complementary, which open the possibility for companies and consumers to use extrajudicial means to resolve their conflicts. Mediation in consumer activities presents, in relation to the traditional and ordinary justice system, a series of elements that advise its use, since they can contribute to the improvement of efficiency and equity in the Judicial Administration. In addition, these advantages will increase with the incorporation of digital platforms into the administration of these procedures.

One of the multiple valences of the law state is translated into the fact that any administrative act issued or adopted by the state authorities must meet a series of characteristics that correspond to legal requirements, to be timely, to be issued for the purpose of achieving a public or private interest , but also to correspond entirely to the legal purpose on the basis of which it emanates. Therefore, the primary role of state authorities and institutions is to fulfill the requirement of compliance with the law and all legal principles at the time of the adoption of such an act that modifies the internal legal order and to ensure that all legal principles are fulfilled in the case, avoiding in this way the production of a disruption of social relations through the elaboration of the act and to preserve the public interest of preserving the security of legal relations, as well as the private interest of avoiding concrete damage for the particular recipients of the administrative act. In this sense, revoking the administrative act which presents elements of illegality or inexpedientness, legal or factual, stands out as a „sanitary" measure, being intended to eliminate from the administrative circuit any disruptive or damaging elements. Given that the main role of the administrative authorities is to respect the law and protect the public interest, but in such a way that the private or moral interests of individuals are not harmed, it is natural to establish an effective and prompt legal remedy to eliminate any deviation from to the general principles of law or from the administrative acts with superior legal force, being thus removed from the legal order any inadequate administrative acts. From this perspective, the revocation presents the mixed valences of a sanction and a public law remedy, involving the prompt intervention of the issuer or its hierarchically superior structure to abolish the act and to restore legality in administrative law relations. However, in addition to this primary role of the revocation, we will identify in this article a series of other relevant values of this sanction, which outline its complex role, as a neutral remedy and rebalancing of legal relations, which outlines a significant aspect of general prevention in the operational mode of this remedy. As we will reveal in the following, the revocation is intended to prevent the propagation of harmful effects in the internal legal order and at the same time to prevent the occurrence of specific legal damages to the recipients of the administrative act or other individuals affected by its issuance. Thus, the revocation takes shape as an instrument to safeguard the static administrative circuit and as a damage prevention measure being from this perspective a sanction with an obviously neutral character, meaning that the revocation, mainly, does not itself represent the source of distinct damages, but only prevents or removes the already existing ones.

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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