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14. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from ships registered in South Korea based on activity data using the bottom-up approach.

Author

Yeo, Siljung, Kuk Kim, Jeong, Choi, Jae-Hyuk, and Lee, Won-Ju

Abstract

The shipping sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We aimed to calculate GHG emissions categorized by ship type for all vessels registered in South Korea. Hence, for the first time in South Korea, a bottom-up method based on ship activity data was employed, estimating energy consumption and emissions by ship type. Data from ships registered from 2019 to 2021 were collected and reclassified by ship type, and operational profiles were developed. Based on these profiles, the emissions of major GHGs, including CO2, CH4, and N2O, were estimated for the 3-year period. Cargo ships accounted for the highest percentage of annual fuel consumption, approximately 62.7%–64.7% of the total fuel consumption for all ships. The GHG emissions were calculated to be an average of 4.644 million tonCO2e, which is approximately 6.5 times higher than those from oil tankers (0.710 million tonCO2e), the second-highest emitter. This highlights the need for intensified GHG reduction measures specifically targeting cargo ships, providing clear evidence for prompt and enhanced implementation. The research findings are expected to be utilized as substantiated data for developing specific and systematic GHG reduction policies tailored to each ship type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Assessment of Shipping Emissions on Busan Port of South Korea.

Author

Kwon, Jin-Woo, Yeo, Siljung, and Lee, Won-Ju

Subjects
HARBORS, EMISSIONS (Air pollution), AIR pollutants, EMISSION inventories, ENERGY consumption, AIRPORTS
Abstract

This study aims to accurately estimate the emissions of seven air pollutants (NOX, SOX, CO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and NMVOC) from ships for one year (2020) in the busiest port in Korea, Busan Port. To achieve this, a more detailed method for calculating emissions was developed, taking into account factors such as the type of fuel used, mode of operation, and engine output of each ship that entered and left the port. In cases where information on the ship's main engine was not available, a regression analysis was performed to estimate the engine output based on the ship's tonnage. In addition, the output of auxiliary engines was estimated based on the ratio of the output of the main engine to that of the auxiliary engine for recently built ships. Finally, emissions from fishing vessels were also included in the calculations. Thus, in Busan port, the total estimated fuel consumption from 44,315 cases in 2020 was 252,519 t; the consumption during hoteling accounted for 87%. In detail, the emissions of seven air pollutants reflecting the emission factors were analyzed as follows: NOX, 18,323 t; SOX, 16,924 t; CO2, 790.383 t; CO, 714 t; PM2.5, 1484 t, PM10, 1614 t; and NMVOC, 772 t. In addition, this study provides an estimation equation to estimate engine output based on a ship's tonnage, which showed the highest fitness when compared to actual engine output. This methodology can be useful for calculating emissions of air pollutants at the port in detail and promoting marine environment policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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