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Sucrose is a desirable component of processed soybean foods and animal feed, and thus, its content is used as an important characteristic for assessing the quality of soybean seeds. However, few studies have focused on the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sucrose regulation in soybean seeds. This study aims to measure the sucrose content of 1014 soybean accessions and identify genes related to high sucrose levels using QTL analysis. Colorimetric analysis based on the enzymatic reaction of invertase (INV) and glucose oxidase (GOD) was employed to test the germplasms. A total of six high-sucrose genetic resources (IT186230, IT195321, IT263138, IT263276, IT263286, and IT276521) and two low-sucrose genetic resources (IT025668 and IT274054) were identified. Two F2:3 populations, IT186230 × IT025668 and Ilmi × IT186230, were then established from these germplasms. QTL analysis identified four QTLs (qSUC6.1, qSUC11.1, qSUC15.1, and qSUC17.1), explaining 7.3–27.6% of the phenotypic variation in the sugar content. Twenty candidate genes were found at the four QTLs. Notably, Glyma.17G152300, located in the qSUC17.1 QTL region, exhibited a 17-fold higher gene expression in the high-sucrose germplasm IT186230 compared to the control germplasm Ilmi, confirming its role as a major gene regulating the sucrose content in soybean. These results may assist in marker-assisted selection for breeding programs that aim to develop soybean lines with a higher sucrose content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the tensile load capacity (TLC) and the tearing characteristics for interrupted and vertical mattress sutures with different insertion points from the wound margin, and the effect of the bite size when using vertical mattress sutures. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 gingiva and lining mucosa samples obtained from pig jaws were divided into groups according to the suturing technique (interrupted and vertical mattress sutures), distance of the insertion points from the wound margin (margin, 1, 3, and 5 mm) and bite size (1, 3, and 5 mm). The TLC of the suture and the tearing characteristics were evaluated using a tensile tester device. Results: The TLC was significantly higher for vertical mattress sutures than for interrupted sutures regardless of the distance of the insertion points from the wound margin (intergroup p <.001). This distance significantly influenced the TLC for vertical mattress sutures (p <.05) but not for interrupted sutures (p >.05). Testing the tearing characteristics revealed that no tissue tearing occurred in groups when the insertion points were more than 3 mm from the wound margin. Conclusion: The TLC is higher for vertical mattress sutures than for interrupted sutures, and it increases when the insertion points are farther from the wound margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trypsin inhibitors (TIs) in soybean seeds reduce the availability of processed soybean foods and animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in 999 Korean soybean accessions and conduct molecular characterization of soybean accessions with low TIA. TIA was evaluated using colorimetric analysis through a substrate–enzyme reaction. The average TIA of the 999 soybean accessions was 90.31%, ranging from 43.70% to 99.51%. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 3 (KTi-3) gene target sequencing analysis was performed on seven soybean germplasm accessions (IT105782, IT170889, IT273590, IT274513, IT274515, IT276197, and IT022891) showing less than 60% TIA. Four soybean accessions (IT274513, IT274515, IT276197, and IT022891) exhibited the same mutations (a G-to-T transversion and an AG deletion) in the KTi-3 gene (Glyma.08g341500) in PI542044. In addition, whole-genome re-sequencing was performed on three soybean accessions with no mutations in the KTi-3 gene. Compared with the reference soybean genome, an in-frame insertion and five missense mutations were identified in the coding sequencing of the KTi-1 gene (Glyma.01g09500) in IT105782. A RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of KTi-1 was reduced by approximately 17% in IT105782 during seed development. In this study, we identified a previously unreported mutation in the KTi-1 gene and developed a KASP marker using this new KTi-1 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Identification of a Novel KTi-1 Allele Associated with Reduced Trypsin Inhibitor Activity in Soybean Accessions." The correction addresses an error in Table 3 of the original publication, where an accession number was incorrectly entered and the genotype name was modified. The corrected table is provided in the document. The authors state that the scientific conclusions of the article are unaffected by this correction. [Extracted from the article]

In archaea, RNA endonucleases that act specifically on RNA with bulge-helix-bulge motifs play the main role in the recognition and excision of introns, while the eukaryal enzymes use a measuring mechanism to determine the positions of the universally positioned splice sites relative to the conserved domain of pre-tRNA. Two crystallographic structures of tRNA intron-splicing endonuclease from Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 (End[A.sub.Ta]) have been solved to 2.5-[Angstrom], and 2.7-[Angstrom] resolution by molecular replacement, using the 2.7-[Angstrom] resolution data as the initial model and the single-wavelength anomalous-dispersion phasing method using selenomethionine as anomalous signals, respectively. The models show that End[A.sub.Ta] is a homodimer and that it has overall folding similar to that of other archaeal tRNA endonucleases. From structural and mutational analyses of H236A, Y229F, and K265I in vitro, we have demonstrated that they play critical roles in recognizing the splice site and in cleaving the pre-tRNA substrate.