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2,755 results on '"Lee, Tae-Hoon"'

5. Bandit-supported care planning for older people with complex health and care needs

Author

Kim, Gi-Soo, Hong, Young Suh, Lee, Tae Hoon, Paik, Myunghee Cho, and Kim, Hongsoo

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Long-term care service for old people is in great demand in most of the aging societies. The number of nursing homes residents is increasing while the number of care providers is limited. Due to the care worker shortage, care to vulnerable older residents cannot be fully tailored to the unique needs and preference of each individual. This may bring negative impacts on health outcomes and quality of life among institutionalized older people. To improve care quality through personalized care planning and delivery with limited care workforce, we propose a new care planning model assisted by artificial intelligence. We apply bandit algorithms which optimize the clinical decision for care planning by adapting to the sequential feedback from the past decisions. We evaluate the proposed model on empirical data acquired from the Systems for Person-centered Elder Care (SPEC) study, a ICT-enhanced care management program.

Published
2023

6. $f(R)$ gravity with broken Weyl gauge symmetry, cosmological backreaction, and its effects on CMB anisotropy

Author

Park, Jiwon and Lee, Tae Hoon

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We propose a new class of $f(R)$ theory where its Weyl gauge symmetry is broken in the primordial era of the universe. This symmetry forces one to adopt a new scalar field, namely a Weyl field and a gauge vector boson. Furthermore, an equivalent form of the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with a non-minimally coupled scalar field corresponding to the function $f(R)$ is found. Due to the geometrical feature of the Weyl field, it turns out that the symmetry breaking induces a non-minimal coupling, which cannot be expected in the standard $f(R)$ theories. We explain how this affects the evolution of the universe at cosmological scales. It is shown that there may be a value shift in the Planck constant and the cosmological constant. This can be regarded as a genuine exemplification of the cosmological backreaction. Furthermore, one also finds new features in the evolution of perturbational variables and cosmic microwave background anisotropy. Moreover, we prove that when a specific $f(R)$ model invokes inflation, the amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves affects the evolution of scalar perturbation due to the new non-minimal coupling. As a case study, we explain how this can be embodied in the Starobinsky inflation. Finally, we discuss some impacts that this physics can bear and the possibility of giving a new restriction of the estimation of cosmological variables such as the gravitational wave amplitude with experiments., Comment: v3 includes minor revision; v2 includes major revision; 30 pages, 8 figures, 1 table

Published
2022
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13. The impact of whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) on predictive biomarker discovery and diagnostic accuracy of advanced malignancies

Author

Tessier‐Cloutier, Basile, Grewal, Jasleen K, Jones, Martin R, Pleasance, Erin, Shen, Yaoqing, Cai, Ellen, Dunham, Chris, Hoang, Lynn, Horst, Basil, Huntsman, David G, Ionescu, Diana, Karnezis, Anthony N, Lee, Anna F, Lee, Cheng Han, Lee, Tae Hoon, Twa, David DW, Mungall, Andrew J, Mungall, Karen, Naso, Julia R, Ng, Tony, Schaeffer, David F, Sheffield, Brandon S, Skinnider, Brian, Smith, Tyler, Williamson, Laura, Zhong, Ellia, Regier, Dean A, Laskin, Janessa, Marra, Marco A, Gilks, C Blake, Jones, Steven JM, and Yip, Stephen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Genetics, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Human Genome, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Algorithms, Biomarkers, Tumor, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Neoplasms, biomarker, diagnostic, WGTA, pathology, precision medicine, oncology, cancer of unknown primary, machine learning, Clinical sciences
Abstract

In this study, we evaluate the impact of whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) on predictive molecular profiling and histologic diagnosis in a cohort of advanced malignancies. WGTA was used to generate reports including molecular alterations and site/tissue of origin prediction. Two reviewers analyzed genomic reports, clinical history, and tumor pathology. We used National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) consensus guidelines, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals, and provincially reimbursed treatments to define genomic biomarkers associated with approved targeted therapeutic options (TTOs). Tumor tissue/site of origin was reassessed for most cases using genomic analysis, including a machine learning algorithm (Supervised Cancer Origin Prediction Using Expression [SCOPE]) trained on The Cancer Genome Atlas data. WGTA was performed on 652 cases, including a range of primary tumor types/tumor sites and 15 malignant tumors of uncertain histogenesis (MTUH). At the time WGTA was performed, alterations associated with an approved TTO were identified in 39 (6%) cases; 3 of these were not identified through routine pathology workup. In seven (1%) cases, the pathology workup either failed, was not performed, or gave a different result from the WGTA. Approved TTOs identified by WGTA increased to 103 (16%) when applying 2021 guidelines. The histopathologic diagnosis was reviewed in 389 cases and agreed with the diagnostic consensus after WGTA in 94% of non-MTUH cases (n = 374). The remainder included situations where the morphologic diagnosis was changed based on WGTA and clinical data (0.5%), or where the WGTA was non-contributory (5%). The 15 MTUH were all diagnosed as specific tumor types by WGTA. Tumor board reviews including WGTA agreed with almost all initial predictive molecular profile and histopathologic diagnoses. WGTA was a powerful tool to assign site/tissue of origin in MTUH. Current efforts focus on improving therapeutic predictive power and decreasing cost to enhance use of WGTA data as a routine clinical test.

Published
2022

32. Probing Primordial Symmetry Breaking with Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy

Author

Park, Jiwon and Lee, Tae Hoon

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

There have been vigorous research attempts to test various modified gravity theories by usingphysics of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Meanwhile, symmetry breaking such as Higgsmechanism is one of the most important phenomena in physics but there have been not so muchresearches to make them contact with cosmological observations. In this article, with the CMBpower spectra we try to distinguish two different scenarios of spontaneous symmetry breaking inprimordial era of the universe. The first model is based on a broken symmetric theory of gravity,which was suggested by A. Zee in 1979. The second model is an application of Palatini formalismto the first model. Perturbation equations are computed and they show differences originated fromthe property of symmetry. Furthermore, it turns out that two models have different features ofCMB power spectra with the same potential scale. This fact enables us to verify distinct kinds ofprimordial symmetry breaking with CMB physics., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. v3 is equivalent to the accepted manuscript

Published
2019
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39. Detailed Characterization of an Annealed Reduced Graphene Oxide Catalyst for Selective Peroxide Formation Activity

Author

Lee, Tae Hoon, Park, Sojung, Choi, Tae Hwan, Zhang, Liang, Kim, Juyoung, Guo, Jinghua, Park, Ho Bum, Kim, Wooyul, and Kim, Hyo Won

Subjects
Chemical Sciences, Physical Chemistry, Engineering, Physical Sciences, Materials Engineering, Nanotechnology, electrocatalyst, oxygen reduction reaction, reduced graphene oxide, carbon characterization, spectroelectrochemistry, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Chemical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Recently, electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation from oxygen molecules has been extensively studied. Thus far, the best peroxide activity under alkaline conditions has been reported at the surface of a mild reduced graphene oxide annealed at 600 °C (mrGO-600). However, the detailed material information, such as chemical functionality and structural morphology, is unknown, which results in ambiguous debates on its catalytic active sites. To solve this problem, we intensively characterize the structure of mrGO-600 to clarify the origin of its catalytic activity. Various characterizations, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy coupled with in situ infrared spectroelecrochemistry, reveal that the annealing process generates not only various hole edge defects that are related to the ring ether group but also numerous point defects that result in a small-sized disconnected graphitic carbon region. These defects are believed to form a unique atomic level configuration in mrGO-600, which enables it to facilitate high peroxide-generated activity from oxygen molecules in an alkaline electrolyte.

Published
2020

50. Dynamical analysis of Brans-Dicke Universe with inverse power-law effective potential

Author

Sim, Jonghyun, Park, Jiwon, and Lee, Tae Hoon

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We study Brans-Dicke cosmology with an inverse power-law effective potential. By using dynamical analyses, we search for fixed points corresponding to the radiation-like matter and dark energy-dominated era of our Universe, and the stability of fixed points is also investigated. We find phase space trajectories which are attracted to the stable point of the dark energy-dominated era from unstable fixed points like matter-dominated era of the Universe. The dark energy comes from effective potentials of the Brans-Dicke field, whose variation (related to the time-variation of the gravitational coupling constant) is shown to be in good agreement with observational data., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MPLA

Published
2018
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