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Reducible metal oxides are selective and effective for C–O bond scission of hydrodeoxygenation reactions via the reverse Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. Creating efficient redox centers while minimizing metal surfaces leads to highly selective catalysts. Single noble metal atoms activate the surface M–O bond, but the catalyst activity is limited due to low loading. Here, we report that the strong metal-support interaction between Ir and CeO2 is facet sensitive, and certain facets regulate the C–O bond cleavage. At 300°C reduction, Ir is mostly encapsulated on an octahedron by (111) facets but remains exposed by (110) facets. The former is selective, whereas the latter is not. Density functional theory indicates that Ir encapsulation is favored on (111) under reaction conditions, and oxygen vacancies more readily form on encapsulated Ir than on pristine ceria.

Electronic devices (e.g., cellphones) are a means of technology advancement, but research suggests that frequent use of them in the classroom impairs attention and learning (Lee et al., 2017; Mendoza et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2020). The present study (N = 393) establishes a pre-existing regression model examining the significance of mindfulness (MND) to emotional regulation and cognitive performance among college students. Results suggest that MND's effect on obsessiveness across all four conditions were seen: Group A, cellphone allowed, Group B, cellphone on silent mode, Group C, control group, and Group D, no cellphones. The findings also indicate that highly nomophobic participants in Group B showed better test performance. We expect that students' excessive use of cellphones may have a negative impact on MND, especially when there are no cellphone restrictions. Keywords: Cellular telephones, mindfulness [MND], nomophobia, obsessiveness [OBS], structural equation modeling (SEM), testing., Introduction Cellphones have been used for at least 10-15 years. College-aged students are one of the oldest groups using them in circumstances that require attention (Lee et al., 2017; Lee [...]

Students' cellphone use has been related to poorer learning, possibly due to greater distraction. This study investigated whether cellphone-related anxiety, addiction, and disconnection were related to distraction and learning as well as how practical educational policies could minimize negative effects. Participants (N = 218) watched a video lecture and were divided into two groups: cellphone-allowed for academic use (Use-Cellphone Group) and no cellphone instruction (No-Instruction Group). During the lecture, participants received several anonymous text messages and overt distracted was measured. Learning was assessed via a test following the video. Our findings showed that participants in the Use-Cellphone Group experienced a greater degree of distraction and worse test performance than those in the No-Instruction Group. Only cellphone addiction and distractedness played key roles in impacting the effects of condition on test performance. Thus, allowing cellphones in class may exacerbate existing cellphone addiction behaviors and impair learning.

\nIntroduction: In this study, we aimed to analyze the incidence of acute endophthalmitis after secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in South Korea. Methods: This study used information from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Health Information Database (NHID). We identified patients who underwent secondary IOL implantation or IOL exchange surgeries during 2002–2021 due to diagnoses of IOL dislocation or mechanical complication of IOL. Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) was defined as patients having received intravitreal antibiotic injection or vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis diagnosed within 42 days after the claim for secondary IOL surgeries. All statistical analyses were performed with a significance level p < 0.05, and we used the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to identify risk factors. Results: From 2002 to 2021, 39,364 patients received secondary IOL implantation, and acute POE was diagnosed in 62 patients. The overall incidence of acute POE was 0.16% during the 20-year period. More than half of the patients were diagnosed with POE within the first week after surgery. In the univariate analysis, there was a higher incidence of endophthalmitis in the group with pre-existing glaucoma (hazard ratio [HR], 1.945; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036–3.652; p = 0.0385) and the group undergoing concurrent vitrectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.329; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003–5.405; p = 0.0491). Conclusions: The incidence of acute endophthalmitis after secondary IOL implantation in South Korea was similar to that of other countries. This is the largest retrospective claims data-based study of acute endophthalmitis after secondary IOL implantation in patients in South Korea. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of acute endophthalmitis following secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in South Korea. Using data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Health Information Database (NHID), we identified patients who underwent secondary IOL implantation or IOL exchange between 2002 and 2021 due to IOL dislocation or mechanical IOL complications. Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) was defined as patients having received intravitreal antibiotic injection or vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis diagnosed within 42 days after the claim for secondary IOL surgeries. Out of 39,364 patients who received secondary IOL implantation during the study period, acute POE was diagnosed in 62 patients, resulting in an overall incidence of 0.16%. The majority of POE cases were identified within the first-week post-surgery. In the univariate analysis, there was a higher incidence of endophthalmitis in patients with pre-existing glaucoma and those who underwent concurrent vitrectomy. Our findings suggest that the incidence of acute endophthalmitis following secondary IOL implantation in South Korea was similar to that of other nations. This study, based on retrospective claims data, represents the largest study of its kind in South Korean patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) can present a variety of clinical presentations and has high inter-individual heterogeneity. Multiple studies have suggested various subtype models related to symptoms, etiology, sex, and treatment response. Employing different regimens is common when treating MDD, and identifying effective therapeutics requires time. Frequent treatment attempts and failures can lead to a diagnosis of treatment resistance, and the heterogeneity of treatment responses among individuals makes it difficult to understand and interpret the biological mechanisms underlying MDD. Aim: This study explored the differentially expressed proteins and commonly altered protein networks across drug treatments by comparing the serum proteomes of patients with MDD treated with drug regimens (T-MDD, n = 20) and untreated patients (NT-MDD, n = 20). Methods: Differentially expressed proteins were profiled in non-drug-treated and drug-treated patients with depression using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The common protein networks affected by different medications were studied. Results: Of the proteins profiled, 12 were significantly differentially expressed between the T-MDD and NT-MDD groups. Commonly altered proteins and networks of various drug treatments for depression were related to the complement system and immunity. Conclusions: Our results provide information on common biological changes across different pharmacological treatments employed for depression and provide an alternative perspective for improving our understanding of the biological mechanisms of drug response in MDD with great heterogeneity in the background of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) in forecasting a mega Asian Dust Storm (ADS) event that occurred over South Korea on March 28–29, 2021. We specifically evaluated a combination of five dust emission schemes and four land surface schemes, which are crucial for predicting ADSs. Using in-situ and remote sensing data, we assessed surface meteorological and air quality variables, including 2 m temperature, 2 m relative humidity, 10 m wind speed, particulate matter 10 (PM10), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over South Korea. Our results indicate that prediction of surface meteorological variables is more influenced by the land surface scheme than by the dust emission scheme—generally showing good performance when dust emission schemes are combined with the Noah land surface model with Multiple Parameterization options (Noah-MP). In contrast, prediction of air quality variables, including PM10 and AOD, is strongly affected by the dust emission schemes, which is directly related to the generation and amount of dust through interaction with surface properties. Among the total of 20 available scheme combinations, the University of Cologne 2004 combined with the Community Land Model version 4.0 (UoC04-CLM4) showed the best performance, closely followed by the University of Cologne 2001 combined with CLM4 (UoC01-CLM4). UoC04-CLM4 outperformed the other scheme combinations by reducing the root mean square errors of PM10 up to 29.6 %. However, both UoC04-CLM4 and UoC01-CLM4 simulated values closest to the MODIS AOD but tended to overestimate the AOD in some regions during the origination and transportation processes. In contrast, other scheme combinations significantly underestimated the AOD throughout the entire simulation process of ADSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The striped notothen Trematomus hansoni is an Antarctic fish species belonging to the family Nototheniidae (cod icefishes) that is distributed throughout the Southern Ocean. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of T. hansoni was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. The circular mitochondrial genome is 19,218 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. Notably, there are two trnG-UCC genes and the second gene, located between trnE-UUC and trnI-GAU, has no D-arm structure. The base composition is 56.18% of A + T and 43.82% of G + C. The phylogenetic analysis supports that T. hansoni is grouped into a single clade with T. bernacchii. This study will be a valuable resource for further research on the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Trematomus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platinum-based combination chemotherapy, including cisplatin and carboplatin, are important cytotoxic anti-cancer agents that are widely used to treat various solid tumors. Carboplatin has a similar effect on survival in small cell lung cancer, but generally has a milder toxicity profile when compared with cisplatin. Both may cause moderate or severe neurotoxicity, but ocular neurotoxicity from carboplatin is rarely reported. Case presentation: A 79-year-old man underwent intravenous polychemotherapy (atezolizumab, etoposide, and carboplatin) for small cell lung cancer. One week after the second cycle of chemotherapy, he reported bilateral visual loss as hand motion in both eyes. Dilated fundus examination showed retinal arterial narrowing without hemorrhage, and diffuse choroidal and retinal thinning was observed in an optical coherence tomography scan. Fluorescein angiography revealed significantly delayed circulation without evidence of obstructive lesions. 30-Flicker electroretinogram testing showed a complete absence of cone response in both eyes. The patient's visual acuity aggravated to no light perception in both eyes, even after the cessation of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Carboplatin combination chemotherapy administered at therapeutic doses can result in irreversible visual loss, a side effect that is not widely acknowledged. When using carboplatin, physicians should be aware of its potential ocular toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]