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The field of computational protein engineering has been transformed by recent advancements in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and molecular modeling, enabling the design of proteins with unprecedented precision and functionality. Computational methods now play a crucial role in enhancing the stability, activity, and specificity of proteins for diverse applications in biotechnology and medicine. Techniques such as deep learning, reinforcement learning, and transfer learning have dramatically improved protein structure prediction, optimization of binding affinities, and enzyme design. These innovations have streamlined the process of protein engineering by allowing the rapid generation of targeted libraries, reducing experimental sampling, and enabling the rational design of proteins with tailored properties. Furthermore, the integration of computational approaches with high-throughput experimental techniques has facilitated the development of multifunctional proteins and novel therapeutics. However, challenges remain in bridging the gap between computational predictions and experimental validation and in addressing ethical concerns related to AI-driven protein design. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of computational methods in protein engineering, emphasizing their transformative potential in creating next-generation biologics and advancing synthetic biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized clinical chemistry, offering unparalleled capabilities for biomolecule analysis. This review explores the growing significance of mass spectrometry (MS), particularly when coupled with liquid chromatography (LC), in identifying disease biomarkers and quantifying biomolecules for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The unique advantages of MS in accurately identifying and quantifying diverse molecules have positioned it as a cornerstone in personalized-medicine advancement. MS-based technologies have transformed precision medicine, enabling a comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and patient-specific treatment responses. LC-MS has shown exceptional utility in analyzing complex biological matrices, while high-resolution MS has expanded analytical capabilities, allowing the detection of low-abundance molecules and the elucidation of complex biological pathways. The integration of MS with other techniques, such as ion mobility spectrometry, has opened new avenues for biomarker discovery and validation. As we progress toward precision medicine, MS-based technologies will be crucial in addressing the challenges of individualized patient care, driving innovations in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the field trial results of the terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) service in Korea. The T-DMB system, based on the Eureka-147 digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system, provides streaming video, CD-quality audio and data services at speeds of up to 300 km/h using H.264 video codec along with additional channel coding and interleaving schemes. In order to provide seamless high-quality services on various radio channels, we measured the bit error rate (BER), electric field strength (EFS), and subjective video quality using specially-designed mobile test equipment. From the field tests we obtained the required effective EFS (EEFS) for error-free reception and also derived the minimum EFS from the link budget analysis. Furthermore, we present the optimal transmit and receive parameters for constructing the T-DMB networks and also developing T-DMB broadcasting equipment and mobile receivers. Index Terms--Digital multimedia broadcasting, Eureka-147 DAB, H.264, mobile reception.

A new mobile multimedia broadcasting service using a geostationary satellite was launched on May 2005 in Korea. The Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) system provides high quality audio, video and data broadcasting services to handheld and mobile receivers. S-DMB is a personal digital media which can provide bidirectional and interactive services via the convergent platform of broadcasting and communication. At present, TU Media, the only S-DMB service provider in Korea, provides 15 TV channels, 19 audio channels, and 3 data channels. The number of subscribers is about 890,000 by Nov. 2006. Thousands of low power gap fillers (repeaters) have been installed in the shadowed or blocked reception areas in the metropolitan Seoul. This paper presents the system requirements, standards and specifications, architecture, and service status of S-DMB in Korea. Comparisons with other satellite broadcasting systems and the services are also presented. Link budget analysis on the direct path down-link (satellite to receivers) and relay path feeder link (gap fillers to receivers) are carried out in order to ensure the satisfactory QoS. Index Terms--BER, broadcasting, CDM, DAB, digital broadcasting, DMB, Eureka-147, gap filler, link budget, mobile and portable reception, mobile communication, multimedia broadcasting, satellite broadcasting, S-DMB.