Search

Today, energy and performance efficiency have become a crucial factor in modern computing environments, such as high-end mobile devices, desktops, and enterprise servers, because data volumes in cloud datacenters increase exponentially. Unfortunately, many researchers and engineers neglect the power consumption and internal performance incurred by storage devices. In this paper, we present a renewable-zoned namespace (ReZNS), an energy and performance-optimal mechanism based on emerging ZNS SSDs. Specifically, ReZNS recycles the remaining capacity of zones that are no longer used by adding a renewable concept into the mapping mechanism. We implemented a prototype of ReZNS based on NVMeVirt and performed comprehensive experiments with diverse workloads from synthetic to real-world workloads to quantitatively confirm power and performance benefits. Our evaluation results present that ReZNS improves overall performance by up to 60% and the total power consumption by up to 3% relative to the baseline on ZNS SSD. We believe ReZNS creates new opportunities to prolong the lifespan of various consumer electronics, such as TV, AV, and mobile devices, because storage devices play a crucial role in their replacement cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical investigation explores sustainable methods for ammonia synthesis by evaluating the effectiveness of dual-atom catalysts composed of transition metals anchored on boron α- and β12-sheet substrates for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. Utilizing density-functional theory, this study identifies enhancements in N2 adsorption capabilities, crucial for mitigating kinetic limitations in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. The research delves into the charge redistribution mechanisms between the catalyst and nitrogen, emphasizing the pivotal role of metal oxidation states and charge injection into nitrogen in influencing nitrogen binding and subsequent electrochemical reduction steps. Furthermore, this work defines optimal conditions for catalytic efficiency by identifying a specific range for the binding strength of reaction intermediates, ensuring the effectiveness of the Sabatier principle in terms of N2 binding. These insights significantly enhance the current understanding of catalyst design for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction and provide a robust theoretical foundation for developing more efficient ammonia production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep learning (DL) frameworks, a checkpoint operation is widely used to store intermediate variable values (e.g., weights, biases, and gradients) on storage media. This operation helps to reduce the recovery time of running a machine learning (ML) model after sudden power failures or random crashes. However, the checkpoint operation can stall the overall training step of the running model and waste expensive hardware resources by leaving the GPU in idle sleep during the checkpoint operation. In addition, the completion time of the checkpoint operation is unpredictable in cloud server environments (e.g., AWS and Azure) because excessive I/O operations issued by other running applications interfere with the checkpoint operations in the storage stacks. To efficiently address the above two problems, we carefully designed Check-QZP, which reduces the amount of data required for checkpoint operations and parallelizes executions on the CPU and GPU by understanding the internal behaviors of the training step. For the evaluation, we implemented Check-QZP and compared it with the traditional approach in real-world multi-tenant scenarios. In the evaluation, Check-QZP outperformed the baseline in all cases in terms of the overall checkpoint time and the amount of data generated by the checkpoint operations, reducing them by up to 87.5% and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, Check-QZP achieved superior training speeds compared to the baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American hardcore punk emerged in a particular context, that of American society in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on the two key concepts of urgency and nihilism, a meticulous musical analysis allows identifying several specific temporal devices which, within a consciously and skillfully altered musical structure, articulate social expression musically, to such an extent that music seems to be its very embodiment, namely reality made music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals deliver pain education, yet their perception of pain experiences is not well understood, which can affect their interactions with patients in pain. OBJECTIVE: This study explored Korean healthcare professionals' perceptions of the usefulness of assessing pain concepts and beliefs and the importance of domains identified in the pain literature. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study employed an online survey administered to nurses, physical therapists, and physicians, including the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and related optional open-ended questions. RESULTS: Most participants acknowledged the importance and usefulness of assessing understanding of pain concepts but anticipated patients' difficulty comprehending items assessing biological mechanisms underlying pain. Participants questioned the items' accuracy, indicating their limited pain knowledge and the necessity of reducing literacy demands. The critical domains of pain education were learning about pain, external factors influencing pain, and pain as a form of protection. CONCLUSION: Participants had suboptimal pain knowledge but emphasized decreasing literacy demands of pain neurophysiology items. Additionally, it is necessary to develop and implement a pain education program to improve pain-related knowledge and provide educational content for healthcare professionals encountering patients in pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry etching process of thin copper films using high electron temperature ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) plasma source is developed. With ECR source and RIE (reactive ion etching) mode, etching rate of 175 nm/min is achieved. Dry etching is performed under high electron temperature plasma source with low temperature substrate and employing a reactive ion etching mode. To compensate the large area etching uniformity, scanning low temperature susceptor is adopted. Rectangular‐type microwave slot antenna (ReSLAN) is used to generate ECR plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]