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A localized Zeeman field, intensified at heterostructure interfaces, could play a crucial role in a broad area including spintronics and unconventional superconductors. Conventionally, the generation of a local Zeeman field is achieved through magnetic exchange coupling with a magnetic material. However, magnetic elements often introduce defects, which could weaken or destroy superconductivity. Alternatively, the coupling between a superconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling and a non-magnetic chiral material could serve as a promising approach to generate a spin active interface. In this study, we leverage an interface superconductor, namely induced superconductivity in noble metal surface states, to probe the spin active interface. Our results unveil an enhanced interface Zeeman field, which selectively closes the surface superconducting gap while preserving the bulk superconducting pairing. The chiral material, i.e. trigonal tellurium, also induces Andreev bound states (ABS) exhibiting spin polarization. The field dependence of ABS manifests a substantially enhanced interface Land\'e g-factor (g_eff ~ 12), thereby corroborating the enhanced interface Zeeman energy., Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures

Euphemisms are a form of figurative language relatively understudied in natural language processing. This research extends the current computational work on potentially euphemistic terms (PETs) to Turkish. We introduce the Turkish PET dataset, the first available of its kind in the field. By creating a list of euphemisms in Turkish, collecting example contexts, and annotating them, we provide both euphemistic and non-euphemistic examples of PETs in Turkish. We describe the dataset and methodologies, and also experiment with transformer-based models on Turkish euphemism detection by using our dataset for binary classification. We compare performances across models using F1, accuracy, and precision as evaluation metrics., Comment: In Proceedings of The First SIGTURK workshop co-located with ACL 2024: https://sigturk.github.io/workshop/

We consider a planar superconducting-normal-metal (SN) junction with both inelastic and spin-flip scattering processes present. In the diffusive limit, we use a one-dimensional formulation of the Usadel equation to compute the self-consistent energy dependence of the single-particle density of states as a function of distance from the interface on both the superconducting and metallic sides for various spatial profiles of a pair-breaking spin-flip term. The pair-breaking processes fill in the superconducting gap at zero energy, which is reflected in the zero-bias tunneling conductance in scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy experiments, in the vicinity of the junction. We also investigate the impact of having a partially transparent interface at the junction. We compare our findings with the observed exponential rise in the zero-bias conductance at the 1H step edge in recent experiments on 4Hb-TaS$_2$ [A. K. Nayak et al., Nat. Phys. 17, 1413 (2021)]., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

This paper aims to clarify the nature of a surprising ordered phase recently reported in biased Bernal bilayer graphene that occurs at the phase boundary between the isospin-polarized and unpolarized phases. Strong nonlinearity of transport at abnormally small currents, with $dI/dV$ vs. $I$ sharply rising and then falling back, is typical for a charge/spin-density-wave state (CDW or SDW) sliding transport. Here, however, it is observed at an isospin-order phase boundary, prompting a question about the CDW/SDW mechanism and its relation to the quantum critical point. We argue that the observed phase diagram cannot be understood within a standard weak-coupling picture. Rather, it points to a mechanism that relies on an effective interaction enhancement at a quantum critical point. We develop a detailed strong-coupling framework accounting for the soft collective modes that explain these observations., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

Superconducting states that break space-group symmetries of the underlying crystal can exhibit nontrivial spatial modulation of the order parameter. Previously, such remarkable states were intimately associated with the breaking of translational symmetry, giving rise to the density-wave orders, with wavelengths spanning several unit cells. However, a related basic concept has been long overlooked: when only intra-unit-cell symmetries of the space group are broken, the superconducting states can display a distinct type of nontrivial modulation preserving long-range lattice translation. Here, we refer to this new concept as the pair density modulation (PDM), and report the first observation of a PDM state in exfoliated thin flakes of iron-based superconductor FeTe$_{\text{0.55}}$Se$_{\text{0.45}}$. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we discover robust superconducting gap modulation with the wavelength corresponding to the lattice periodicity and the amplitude exceeding 30% of the gap average. Importantly, we find that the observed modulation originates from the large difference in superconducting gaps on the two nominally equivalent iron sublattices. The experimental findings, backed up by model calculations, suggest that in contrast to the density-wave orders, the PDM state is driven by the interplay of sublattice symmetry breaking and a peculiar nematic distortion specific to the thin flakes. Our results establish new frontiers for exploring the intertwined orders in strong-correlated electronic systems and open a new chapter for iron-based superconductors., Comment: Full submission including supplementary information, 4 main figures

Completing the A-G course sequence is the standard pathway to college for California high school graduates; however, findings indicate that there is substantial variation in A-G enrollment and completion rates across student subgroups and schools. This brief describes the distribution in access to and success in A-G courses as well as strategies that local leaders could consider to increase these rates among the students they serve. Drawing on the case studies of nine public school districts with exemplary A-G completion rates, we highlight best practices to broaden A-G access for students and ease barriers to completion. These practices include identifying gaps in availability and enrollment, implementing policies to expand equitable participation and completion, and monitoring A-G progress over time.

Zoned Namespace (ZNS) defines a new abstraction for host software to flexibly manage storage in flash-based SSDs as append-only zones. It also provides a Zone Append primitive to further boost the write performance of ZNS SSDs by exploiting intra-zone parallelism. However, making Zone Append effective for reliable and scalable storage, in the form of a RAID array of multiple ZNS SSDs, is non-trivial since Zone Append offloads address management to ZNS SSDs and requires hosts to dedicatedly manage RAID stripes across multiple drives. We propose ZapRAID, a high-performance log-structured RAID system for ZNS SSDs by carefully exploiting Zone Append to achieve high write parallelism and lightweight stripe management. ZapRAID adopts a group-based data layout with a coarse-grained ordering across multiple groups of stripes, such that it can use small-size metadata for stripe management on a per-group basis under Zone Append. It further adopts hybrid data management to simultaneously achieve intra-zone and inter-zone parallelism through a careful combination of both Zone Append and Zone Write primitives. We evaluate ZapRAID using microbenchmarks, trace-driven experiments, and real-application experiments. Our evaluation results show that ZapRAID achieves high write throughput and maintains high performance in normal reads, degraded reads, crash recovery, and full-drive recovery., Comment: 29 pages

We construct a model which exhibits resistivity going as a power law in temperature $T$, as $T^\alpha$ down to the lowest temperature. There is no residual resistivity because we assume the absence of disorder and momentum relaxation is due to umklapp scattering. Our model consists of a quantum spin liquid state with spinon Fermi surface and a hole Fermi surface made out of doped holes. The key ingredient is a set of singular $2k_F$ modes living on a ring in momentum space. Depending on parameters, $\alpha$ may be unity (strange metal) or even smaller. The model may be applicable to a doped organic compound, which has been found to exhibit linear T resistivity. We conclude that it is possible to obtain strange metal behavior starting with a model which is not so strange., Comment: This version corrects the expression for the polarization function for q>\omega^2/3. This does not change the resistivity exponent for \sigma >1/6. For \sigma <1/6 we now recovers the Fermi liquid limit, as seen in the updated fig 2

Qualitative thematic exploration of data by hand does not scale and researchers create and update a personalized point of view as they explore data. As a result, machine learning (ML) approaches that might help with exploration are challenging to apply. We developed Teleoscope, a web-based system that supports interactive exploration of large corpora (100K-1M) of short documents (1-3 paragraphs). Teleoscope provides visual programming workflows that have semantic and computational meaning; helping researchers to retrace, share, and recompute their sense-making process. Attempting to create qualitative "themes" rather than "topics," our NLP approach tunes an ML model to "think like you" without significant retraining. Here, we present our two-year design process and validation of Teleoscope, including a multi-week study with qualitative researchers (N = 5), a six-month field deployment with a qualitative research group, and an on-going public release., Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, pre-print

This study investigates the computational processing of euphemisms, a universal linguistic phenomenon, across multiple languages. We train a multilingual transformer model (XLM-RoBERTa) to disambiguate potentially euphemistic terms (PETs) in multilingual and cross-lingual settings. In line with current trends, we demonstrate that zero-shot learning across languages takes place. We also show cases where multilingual models perform better on the task compared to monolingual models by a statistically significant margin, indicating that multilingual data presents additional opportunities for models to learn about cross-lingual, computational properties of euphemisms. In a follow-up analysis, we focus on universal euphemistic "categories" such as death and bodily functions among others. We test to see whether cross-lingual data of the same domain is more important than within-language data of other domains to further understand the nature of the cross-lingual transfer.

Finding distinct signatures of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an ongoing quest in condensed matter physics, invariably complicated by the presence of disorder in real materials. In this regard the 2D Kagome system YCu$_3$(OH)$_6$[(Cl$_x$Br$_{(1-x)}$)$_{3-y}$(OH)$_y$] (YCOB-Cl), where the vast mismatch in size of Y and Cu avoids subsitutional disorder, otherwise present in kagome materials, has emerged as a favorable candidate. In crystals of this system, with $x<$ 0.4 and no long range order, we report an unusual field dependent magnetization $M(B)$, where $M/B$ changes linearly with $|B|$, the absolute value of the field, in contrast to the expected quadratic behavior. Model calculations with a distribution of ferromagnetic (FM) clusters faithfully capture observed features suggesting such clusters to be intrinsic to real QSL materials. YCOB-Cl has a field enhanced $T^2$ heat capacity as expected for a Dirac QSL but lacks a linear $T$ behavior in the spin susceptibility. By demonstrating that FM clusters dominate the contribution to the susceptibility but not the heat capacity, our work paves the way towards reconciling the apparent inconsistency with a Dirac QSL., Comment: 6 pages and 4 figures

The recent discovery of magnetization oscillations in a kagome spin liquid candidate motivates us to examine the origin of the gauge magnetic field term that can give rise to quantum oscillations of fermionic spinons. We find that in the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and an average spin polarization, the spin permutation operator around the unit cell acquires an imaginary part, and a net gauge flux is generated through the unit cell of the kagome lattice. This new mechanism of gauge field generation can account for the strength of the gauge magnetic field needed to explain the experiment., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

We apply a strong magnetic field to a kagome Mott insulator with antiferromagnetic interactions which does not show magnetic ordering down to low temperatures. We observe a plateau at magnetization 1/9 Bohr magneton per magnetic ion (Cu). Furthermore, in the vicinity of this plateau we observe sets of strong oscillations in the magnetic torque, reminiscent of quantum oscillations in metals. Such oscillations have never been seen in a wide gap insulator and point to an exotic origin. While the temperature dependence of these oscillations follows Fermi-liquid-theory predictions, they are approximately periodic in the magnetic field $H$, as opposed to $1/H$ in conventional metals. Furthermore, a strong angular dependence is observed for the period, which indicates an orbital origin for this effect. We show that the 1/9 plateau and the associated oscillations are consistent with the appearance of a quantum-spin-liquid state whose excitations are fermionic spinons that obey a Dirac spectrum. The oscillations are in response to an emergent gauge field. Our results provide strong evidence that fractionalized particles coupled to the elusive emergent gauge field have been observed., Comment: 5 pages and 3 figures in the main text, 10 additional figures in the supplement

The experimental characterization of quantum spin liquids poses significant challenges due to the absence of long-range magnetic order, even at absolute zero temperature. The identification of these states of matter often relies on the analysis of their excitations. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting the signatures of the fractionalized excitations in quantum spin liquids using a tunneling spectroscopy setup. Inspired by the recent development of the quantum twisting microscope, we consider a planar tunneling junction, in which a candidate quantum spin liquid material is placed between two graphene layers. By tuning the relative twist angle and voltage bias between the leads, we can extract the dynamical spin structure factor of the tunneling barrier with momentum and energy resolution. Our proposal presents a promising tool for experimentally characterizing quantum spin liquids in two-dimensional materials., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures

The copper substituted Pb-apatite has attracted a great deal of attention recently, due to the claim of the observation of room temperature superconductivity. Based on LDA calculations in the literature, we propose an effective model that describe the low energy physics. It consists of stacks of buckled honeycomb lattices, with Cu and O occupying the A and B sites respectively. In addition to the narrow Cu bands that have been emphasized, we call attention to the relatively small energy separation between the Cu and O orbitals. Thus despite the small hoping energies, the model may be in an interesting regime near the metal insulator transition driven by the charge transfer mechanism. Relationship with cuprates and the organic superconductors are discussed.

While privacy-focused browsers have taken steps to block third-party cookies and mitigate browser fingerprinting, novel tracking techniques that can bypass existing countermeasures continue to emerge. Since trackers need to share information from the client-side to the server-side through link decoration regardless of the tracking technique they employ, a promising orthogonal approach is to detect and sanitize tracking information in decorated links. To this end, we present PURL (pronounced purel-l), a machine-learning approach that leverages a cross-layer graph representation of webpage execution to safely and effectively sanitize link decoration. Our evaluation shows that PURL significantly outperforms existing countermeasures in terms of accuracy and reducing website breakage while being robust to common evasion techniques. PURL's deployment on a sample of top-million websites shows that link decoration is abused for tracking on nearly three-quarters of the websites, often to share cookies, email addresses, and fingerprinting information.

Transformers have been shown to work well for the task of English euphemism disambiguation, in which a potentially euphemistic term (PET) is classified as euphemistic or non-euphemistic in a particular context. In this study, we expand on the task in two ways. First, we annotate PETs for vagueness, a linguistic property associated with euphemisms, and find that transformers are generally better at classifying vague PETs, suggesting linguistic differences in the data that impact performance. Second, we present novel euphemism corpora in three different languages: Yoruba, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese. We perform euphemism disambiguation experiments in each language using multilingual transformer models mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa, establishing preliminary results from which to launch future work.

We propose using tunneling spectroscopy with a superconducting electrode to probe the collective modes of unconventional superconductors. The modes are predicted to appear as peaks in dI/dV at voltages given by eV = {\omega}i/2 where {\omega}i denotes the mode frequencies. This may prove to be a powerful tool to investigate the pairing symmetry of unconventional superconductors. The peaks associated with the collective modes appear at fourth order in the single particle tunneling matrix element. At the same fourth order, multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) leads to peaks at voltage equal to the energy gaps, which, in BCS superconductors, coincides with the expected position of the amplitude (Higgs) mode. The peaks stemming from the collective modes of unconventional superconductors do not suffer from this coincidence. For scanning tunneling microscopes (STM), we estimate that the magnitude of the collective mode contribution is smaller than the MAR contribution by the ratio of the energy gap to the Fermi energy. Moreover, there is no access to the mode dispersion. Conversely, for planar tunnel junctions the collective mode peak is expected to dominate over the MAR peak, and the mode dispersion can be measured. We discuss systems where the search for such collective modes is promising., Comment: The effect of temperature on the STM tunneling has been updated and the condition on the temperature has been relaxed. Estimates of the size of the effect for the STM and the planar junction cases are added. Jacob Steiner has been added as a co-author

We study superconductivity in a two-dimensional, disordered marginal Fermi liquid. At the semiclassical level, the transition temperature $T_c$ is strongly suppressed because marginal Fermi liquid effects destroy well-defined quasiparticles. However, we show that interference between quantum-critical collective modes must be included, and these enhance $T_c$, violating Anderson's theorem. Our results suggest that phase coherence in a disordered, quantum-critical system can survive and manifest in the form of collective excitations, despite the absence of coherent quasiparticles., Comment: v3: published version, 16 pages, 6 figures

Recently, unusual $\pi$ phase shifts in Little-Parks experiments performed on two systems derived from the layered superconductor 2H-TaS$_2$ were reported. These systems share the common feature that additional layers have been inserted between the 1H-TaS$_2$ layers. In both cases, the $\pi$ phase shift has been interpreted as evidence for the emergence of exotic superconductivity in the 1H layers. Here, we propose an alternative explanation assuming that superconductivity in the individual 1H layers is of conventional $s$-wave nature derived from the parent 2H-TaS$_2$. We show that a negative Josephson coupling between otherwise decoupled neighboring 1H layers can explain the observations. Furthermore, we find that the negative coupling can arise naturally assuming a tunneling barrier containing paramagnetic impurities. An important ingredient is the suppression of non-spin-flip tunneling due to spin-momentum locking of Ising type in a single 1H layer together with the inversion symmetry of the double layer. In the exotic superconductivity scenario, it is challenging to explain why the critical temperature is almost the same as in the parent material and, in the 4Hb case, the superconductivity's robustness to disorder. Both are non-issues in our picture, which also exposes the common features that are special in these two systems.

Different superconducting pairing mechanisms are markedly distinct in the underlying Cooper pair kinematics. Pairing interactions mediated by quantum-critical soft modes are dominated by highly collinear processes, falling into two classes: forward scattering and backscattering. In contrast, phonon mechanisms have a generic non-collinear character. We show that the type of kinematics can be identified by examining the evolution of superconductivity when tuning the Fermi surface geometry. We illustrate our approach using recently measured phase diagrams of various graphene systems. Our analysis unambiguously connects the emergence of superconductivity at ``ghost crossings'' of Fermi surfaces in distinct valleys to the pair kinematics of a backscattering type. Together with the observed non-monotonic behavior of superconductivity near its onset (sharp rise followed by a drop), it provides strong support for a particular quantum-critical superconductivity scenario. These findings conclusively settle the long-standing debate on the origin of superconductivity in this system and demonstrate the essential role of quantum-critical modes in superconducting pairing. Moreover, our work highlights the potential of tuning bands via ghost crossings as a promising means of boosting superconductivity., Comment: 13pgs, 3fgs

The Zeeman effect lowers the energy of electrons with spin states which are anti-parallel to the applied magnetic field but lifts that of spin parallel states. In quantum spin liquids where the spin and charge degrees of freedom are fractionalized, anomalous Zeeman response may be expected. In the case of spin liquids with spinon Fermi surface, the threshold energy to excite an electronic state is found to exhibit no Zeeman shift. This is specific to the spinon Fermi surface case. In contrast, other gapped spin liquids are expected to exhibit the standard Zeeman shift at the band edge even though they also exhibit spin-charge fractionalization. When gauge field fluctuations are included, we find that the Zeeman shift of the electronic states gets affected by the gauge field induced binding. In the electronic density of states spectra, weak gauge binding induces band edge resonance peaks which exhibit the Zeeman shift in the same direction as that in the standard Zeeman effect, but the shift is reduced as the binding potential increases. With further increase in the binding potential the resonance becomes true in-gap bound states and eventually the shift direction reverses so it is opposite to the standard Zeeman effect. We propose that one can perform spin polarized scanning tunneling microscope measurements as a test of the spinon Fermi sea ground state in quantum spin liquid candidate materials., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, plus Supplemental Material. Comments are welcome

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) with spinon Fermi surface is an exotic insulator that hosts neutral Fermi surfaces inside the gap. In an external magnetic field, it has been pointed out that the neutral Fermi surfaces are Landau quantized to form Landau levels (LLs) due to the induced emergent gauge magnetic field. In this work, we calculate the electronic density of states (DOS) of the QSL in an orbital magnetic field. We find that the LLs from the neutral Fermi surfaces give rise to a set of steps emerging at the upper and lower Hubbard band edges. Each of the Hubbard band edge steps further develop into a band edge resonance peak when a weak gauge binding from the gauge field fluctuations is taken into account. Importantly, each Hubbard band edge step and its resulting resonance peak in the weak gauge binding are found to have a correspondence LL from the neutral Fermi surfaces, so the Hubbard band edge steps and the band edge resonance peaks are the unique features that characterize the Landau quantization of the in-gap neutral Fermi surfaces. We further consider the strong gauge binding regime where the band edge resonance peaks move into the Mott gap and develop into true in-gap bound states. In the strong gauge binding regime, we solve the bound state LL spectrum. For the bound state with a Mexican hat like band dispersion, we find that the envelop energy to have a state excited from the bound state LL decreases quadratically with the magnetic field. The quadratic decrease behavior of the envelop energy is consistent with the intuition that applying magnetic field localizes the states and energetically promotes the in-gap bound states formation. Finally, we connect our results to the electronic DOS spectra measured in the layered 1T-TaS$_2$. We point out that a QSL with a quasi-bound state in the upper Hubbard band can give the DOS spectra similar to the one measured in the experiment., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, plus Supplementary Material. Comments are welcome

We show that NV centers could provide distinct signatures of emergent gauge fields in certain phase transitions in spin liquids. We consider the relaxation rate $1/T_1$ of a diamond NV center placed a distance $z_0$ above a crystal consisting of two dimensional layers which hosts a $U(1)$ quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface. We show that during a spinon pairing transition from a $U(1)$ to a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid, the relaxation rate exhibits a rapid fall just below the pairing transition. The drop is much faster than what can be accounted for by the opening of the energy gap. Instead, the rapid fall with a unique $z_0$ dependence of its height and width, is the signature of the Meissner effect of the gauge field. We identify the organic ET compound which has a phase transition at 6K as a candidate for the experimental observation of this phenomenon., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure

This paper presents The Shared Task on Euphemism Detection for the Third Workshop on Figurative Language Processing (FigLang 2022) held in conjunction with EMNLP 2022. Participants were invited to investigate the euphemism detection task: given input text, identify whether it contains a euphemism. The input data is a corpus of sentences containing potentially euphemistic terms (PETs) collected from the GloWbE corpus (Davies and Fuchs, 2015), and are human-annotated as containing either a euphemistic or literal usage of a PET. In this paper, we present the results and analyze the common themes, methods and findings of the participating teams

A recent demonstration of the periodic oscillation of resistance in the thin film of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ superconductor with a hole in the film suggests that charge-$4e$ and charge-$6e$ Cooper pairs may have condensed in this compound. While exciting, such interpretation calls for a precise determination of the effective area for the passage of Cooper pairs from one end of the lead to the other. Unlike the traditional Little-Parks effect where the rim around the hole is thin, the effective hole area is not obviously defined for the "thick-rim geometry" adopted in [arxiv:2201.10352]. Here, we note that the experiment was conducted in a regime where the superconctivity is strongly fluctuating, which motivates an analysis based on the spacetime formulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. We argue that under appropriate conditions, the optimal semi-classical path is not the geometrically shortest one, but the one that moves along the edge of the hole and takes advantage of the reduced fluctuations at the boundary of the hole. The condition for the cross-over from the geometrically shortest path to the path that sticks to the wall is clarified. In such a scenario, the geometric area of the hole indeed emerges as the effective area for the flux, providing a theoretical justification to the interpretation given in [arxiv:2201.10352]. The conclusion of our analysis may have implication for similar experiments in other superconductors where the geometry of the device is not obviously that of the Little-Parks experiment employing the thin wall, but of the thick-rim type such as used in [arxiv:2201.10352]., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

Piggybacking codes are a special class of MDS array codes that can achieve small repair bandwidth with small sub-packetization by first creating some instances of an $(n,k)$ MDS code, such as a Reed-Solomon (RS) code, and then designing the piggyback function. In this paper, we propose a new piggybacking coding design which designs the piggyback function over some instances of both $(n,k)$ MDS code and $(n,k')$ MDS code, when $k\geq k'$. We show that our new piggybacking design can significantly reduce the repair bandwidth for single-node failures. When $k=k'$, we design piggybacking code that is MDS code and we show that the designed code has lower repair bandwidth for single-node failures than all existing piggybacking codes when the number of parity node $r=n-k\geq8$ and the sub-packetization $\alpha

Zoned storage devices, such as zoned namespace (ZNS) solid-state drives (SSDs) and host-managed shingled magnetic recording (HM-SMR) hard-disk drives (HDDs), expose interfaces for host-level applications to support fine-grained, high-performance storage management. Combining ZNS SSDs and HM-SMR HDDs into a unified hybrid storage system is a natural direction to scale zoned storage at low cost, yet how to effectively incorporate zoned storage awareness into hybrid storage is a non-trivial issue. We make a case for key-value (KV) stores based on log-structured merge trees (LSM-trees) as host-level applications, and present HHZS, a middleware system that bridges an LSM-tree KV store with hybrid zoned storage devices based on hints. HHZS leverages hints issued by the flushing, compaction, and caching operations of the LSM-tree KV store to manage KV objects in placement, migration, and caching in hybrid ZNS SSD and HM-SMR HDD zoned storage. Experiments show that our HHZS prototype, when running on real ZNS SSD and HM-SMR HDD devices, achieves the highest throughput compared with all baselines under various settings.

This paper presents a linguistically driven proof of concept for finding potentially euphemistic terms, or PETs. Acknowledging that PETs tend to be commonly used expressions for a certain range of sensitive topics, we make use of distributional similarities to select and filter phrase candidates from a sentence and rank them using a set of simple sentiment-based metrics. We present the results of our approach tested on a corpus of sentences containing euphemisms, demonstrating its efficacy for detecting single and multi-word PETs from a broad range of topics. We also discuss future potential for sentiment-based methods on this task.

The macroscopic coherence in superconductors supports dissipationless supercurrents which could play a central role in emerging quantum technologies. Accomplishing unequal supercurrents in the forward and backward directions would enable unprecedented functionalities. This nonreciprocity of critical supercurrents is called superconducting (SC) diode effect. We demonstrate strong SC diode effect in conventional SC thin films, such as niobium and vanadium, employing external magnetic fields as small as 1 Oe. Interfacing the SC layer with a ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS, we further accomplish non-volatile SC diode effect reaching a giant efficiency of 65%. By careful control experiments and theoretical modeling, we demonstrate that the critical supercurrent nonreciprocity in SC thin films could be easily accomplished with asymmetrical vortex edge/surface barriers and the universal Meissner screening current governing the critical currents. Our engineering of the SC diode effect in simple systems opens door for novel technologies. Meanwhile, we reveal the ubiquity of Meissner screening effect induced SC diode effect in superconducting films, which should be eliminated with great care in the search of exotic superconducting states harboring finite-momentum Cooper pairing., Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures

We study the transverse electrical conductivity and the corresponding magnetic noise of a two-dimensional U(1) spin liquid state with a spinon Fermi surface. We show that in the quasi-static regime these responses have the same wave-vector dependence as that of a metal but are reduced by a dimensionless pre-factor controlled by the ratio of orbital diamagnetic susceptibilities of the spinons and chargons, correcting previous work. We estimate that this quasi-static regime is comfortably accessed by the typical NV center splittings of a few GHz and estimate that the expected T1 times for an NV center placed above candidate materials, such as the organic dmit and ET salts, monolayer 1T-TaS2/Se2, would range from several tens to a few hundred milliseconds., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Euphemisms have not received much attention in natural language processing, despite being an important element of polite and figurative language. Euphemisms prove to be a difficult topic, not only because they are subject to language change, but also because humans may not agree on what is a euphemism and what is not. Nevertheless, the first step to tackling the issue is to collect and analyze examples of euphemisms. We present a corpus of potentially euphemistic terms (PETs) along with example texts from the GloWbE corpus. Additionally, we present a subcorpus of texts where these PETs are not being used euphemistically, which may be useful for future applications. We also discuss the results of multiple analyses run on the corpus. Firstly, we find that sentiment analysis on the euphemistic texts supports that PETs generally decrease negative and offensive sentiment. Secondly, we observe cases of disagreement in an annotation task, where humans are asked to label PETs as euphemistic or not in a subset of our corpus text examples. We attribute the disagreement to a variety of potential reasons, including if the PET was a commonly accepted term (CAT)., Comment: Proceedings of LREC 2022

We solve the problem of a magnetic impurity coupled to a U(1) quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface and compute the impurity spectral function. Using the slave rotor mean field approach combined with gauge field fluctuations, we find that a peak located at the top of the lower Hubbard band and one at the bottom of the upper Hubbard band can emerge in the impurity spectral function. The peaks at the Hubbard band edges arise from the gauge field fluctuations induced spinon chargon binding inside the spinon Kondo screening cloud of the magnetic impurity. For a magnetic impurity embedded in a Mott insulator, our findings suggest that the emergence of a pair of peaks at the Hubbard band edges in the impurity density of states spectra provides strong evidence that the host Mott insulator is a U(1) quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Comments are welcome

Cloud block storage systems support diverse types of applications in modern cloud services. Characterizing their I/O activities is critical for guiding better system designs and optimizations. In this paper, we present an in-depth comparative analysis of production cloud block storage workloads through the block-level I/O traces of billions of I/O requests collected from two production systems, Alibaba Cloud and Tencent Cloud Block Storage. We study their characteristics of load intensities, spatial patterns, and temporal patterns. We also compare the cloud block storage workloads with the notable public block-level I/O workloads from the enterprise data centers at Microsoft Research Cambridge, and identify the commonalities and differences of the three sources of traces. To this end, we provide 6 findings through the high-level analysis and 16 findings through the detailed analysis on load intensity, spatial patterns, and temporal patterns. We discuss the implications of our findings on load balancing, cache efficiency, and storage cluster management in cloud block storage systems., Comment: 30 pages. Accepted by ACM Transactions on Storage