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7. ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales

Author

Hohenegger, Cathy, Korn, Peter, Linardakis, Leonidas, Redler, René, Schnur, Reiner, Adamidis, Panagiotis, Bao, Jiawei, Bastin, Swantje, Behravesh, Milad, Bergemann, Martin, Biercamp, Joachim, Bockelmann, Hendryk, Brokopf, Renate, Brüggemann, Nils, Casaroli, Lucas, Chegini, Fatemeh, Datseris, George, Esch, Monika, Geet, George, Giorgetta, Marco, Gutjahr, Oliver, Haak, Helmuth, Hanke, Moritz, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jahns, Thomas, Jungclaus, Johann, Kern, Marcel, Klocke, Daniel, Kluft, Lukas, Kölling, Tobias, Kornblueh, Luis, Kosukhin, Sergey, Kroll, Clarissa, Lee, Junhong, Mauritsen, Thorsten, Mehlmann, Carolin, Mieslinger, Theresa, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Paccini, Laura, Peinado, Angel, Praturi, Divya Sri, Putrasahan, Dian, Rast, Sebastian, Riddick, Thomas, Roeber, Niklas, Schmidt, Hauke, Schulzweida, Uwe, Schütte, Florian, Segura, Hans, Shevchenko, Radomyra, Singh, Vikram, Specht, Mia, Stephan, Claudia Christine, von Storch, Jin-Song, Vogel, Raphaela, Wengel, Christian, Winkler, Marius, Ziemen, Florian, Marotzke, Jochem, and Stevens, Bjorn

Subjects
Ocean, Earth System Modeling, Tropics, General Medicine, Eddie Resolving, ICON-Saphire Model
Abstract

State-of-the-art Earth system models typically employ grid spacings of O(100 km), which is too coarse to explicitly resolve main drivers of the flow of energy and matter across the Earth system. In this paper, we present the new ICON-Sapphire model configuration, which targets a representation of the components of the Earth system and their interactions with a grid spacing of 10 km and finer. Through the use of selected simulation examples, we demonstrate that ICON-Sapphire can (i) be run coupled globally on seasonal timescales with a grid spacing of 5 km, on monthly timescales with a grid spacing of 2.5 km, and on daily timescales with a grid spacing of 1.25 km; (ii) resolve large eddies in the atmosphere using hectometer grid spacings on limited-area domains in atmosphere-only simulations; (iii) resolve submesoscale ocean eddies by using a global uniform grid of 1.25 km or a telescoping grid with the finest grid spacing at 530 m, the latter coupled to a uniform atmosphere; and (iv) simulate biogeochemistry in an ocean-only simulation integrated for 4 years at 10 km. Comparison of basic features of the climate system to observations reveals no obvious pitfalls, even though some observed aspects remain difficult to capture. The throughput of the coupled 5 km global simulation is 126 simulated days per day employing 21 % of the latest machine of the German Climate Computing Center. Extrapolating from these results, multi-decadal global simulations including interactive carbon are now possible, and short global simulations resolving large eddies in the atmosphere and submesoscale eddies in the ocean are within reach.

Published
2023

10. ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth System and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales

Author

Hohenegger, Cathy, primary, Korn, Peter, additional, Linardakis, Leonidas, additional, Redler, René, additional, Schnur, Reiner, additional, Adamidis, Panagiotis, additional, Bao, Jiawei, additional, Bastin, Swantje, additional, Behravesh, Milad, additional, Bergemann, Martin, additional, Biercamp, Joachim, additional, Bockelmann, Hendryk, additional, Brokopf, Renate, additional, Brüggemann, Nils, additional, Casaroli, Lucas, additional, Chegini, Fatemeh, additional, Datseris, George, additional, Esch, Monika, additional, George, Geet, additional, Giorgetta, Marco, additional, Gutjahr, Oliver, additional, Haak, Helmuth, additional, Hanke, Moritz, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jahns, Thomas, additional, Jungclaus, Johann, additional, Kern, Marcel, additional, Klocke, Daniel, additional, Kluft, Lukas, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Kornblueh, Luis, additional, Kosukhin, Sergey, additional, Kroll, Clarissa, additional, Lee, Junhong, additional, Mauritsen, Thorsten, additional, Mehlmann, Carolin, additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Naumann, Ann Kristin, additional, Paccini, Laura, additional, Peinado, Angel, additional, Praturi, Divya Sri, additional, Putrasahan, Dian, additional, Rast, Sebastian, additional, Riddick, Thomas, additional, Roeber, Niklas, additional, Schmidt, Hauke, additional, Schulzweida, Uwe, additional, Schütte, Florian, additional, Segura, Hans, additional, Shevchenko, Radomyra, additional, Singh, Vikram, additional, Specht, Mia, additional, Stephan, Claudia Christine, additional, von Storch, Jin-Song, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Wengel, Christian, additional, Winkler, Marius, additional, Ziemen, Florian, additional, Marotzke, Jochem, additional, and Stevens, Bjorn, additional

Published
2022
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17. Comparison of PM 2.5 in Seoul, Korea Estimated from the Various Ground-Based and Satellite AOD.

Author

Kim, Sang-Min, Koo, Ja-Ho, Lee, Hana, Mok, Jungbin, Choi, Myungje, Go, Sujung, Lee, Seoyoung, Cho, Yeseul, Hong, Jaemin, Seo, Sora, Lee, Junhong, Hong, Je-Woo, and Kim, Jhoon

Subjects
SEASONS, REMOTE sensing, METEOROLOGY, AEROSOLS, STATISTICAL correlation, ORBIT determination
Abstract

Based on multiple linear regression (MLR) models, we estimated the PM2.5 at Seoul using a number of aerosol optical depth (AOD) values obtained from ground-based and satellite remote sensing observations. To construct the MLR model, we consider various parameters related to the ambient meteorology and air quality. In general, all AOD values resulted in the high quality of PM2.5 estimation through the MLR method: mostly correlation coefficients >~0.8. Among various polar-orbit satellite AODs, AOD values from the MODIS measurement contribute to better PM2.5 estimation. We also found that the quality of estimated PM2.5 shows some seasonal variation; the estimated PM2.5 values consistently have the highest correlation with in situ PM2.5 in autumn, but are not well established in winter, probably due to the difficulty of AOD retrieval in the winter condition. MLR modeling using spectral AOD values from the ground-based measurements revealed that the accuracy of PM2.5 estimation does not depend on the selected wavelength. Although all AOD values used in this study resulted in a reasonable accuracy range of PM2.5 estimation, our analyses of the difference in estimated PM2.5 reveal the importance of utilizing the proper AOD for the best quality of PM2.5 estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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