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Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinsons disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.

A novel thiazolothiazole-based Cu2+ colorimetric and fluorescent sensor is reported. A highly selective colorimetric change from yellow to dark green was observed among various metal ions after adding Cu2+. Unique radical formation can engender these highly selective colorimetric and fluorescent changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children face the excitement of a changing world but also encounter environmental threats to their health that were neither known nor suspected several decades ago. Children are at particular risk of exposure to pollutants that are widely dispersed in the air, water, and food. Children and adolescents are exposed to chemical, physical, and biological risks at home, in school, and elsewhere. Actions are needed to reduce these risks for children exposed to a series of environmental hazards. Exposure to a number of persistent environmental pollutants including air pollutants, endocrine disruptors, noise, electromagnetic waves (EMWs), tobacco and other noxious substances, heavy metals, and microplastics, is linked to damage to the nervous and immune systems and affects reproductive function and development. Exposure to environmental hazards is responsible for several acute and chronic diseases that have replaced infectious diseases as the principal cause of illnesses and death during childhood. Children are disproportionately exposed to environmental toxicities. Children drink more water, eat more food, and breathe more frequently than adults. As a result, children have a substantially heavier exposure to toxins present in water, food, or air than adults. In addition, their hand-to-mouth behaviors and the fact that they live and play close to the ground make them more vulnerable than adults. Children undergo rapid growth and development processes that are easily disrupted. These systems are very delicate and cannot adequately repair thetional development in children's environmental health was the Declaration of the Environment Leaders of the Eight on Children's Environmental Health by the Group of Eight. In 2002, the World Health Organization launched an initiative to improve children's environmental protection effort. Here, we review major environmental pollutants and related hazards among children and adolescents.

Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual's latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences., Competing Interests: Competing Interest Statement: Dr. Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. Dr. Brodtmann serves on the editorial boards of Neurology and International Journal of Stroke. Dr. Diaz-Caneja has received honoraria from Exeltis and Angelinii. Dr. Giza: consultant for NBA, NFL, NHLPA, Los Angeles Lakers; Advisory Board: Highmark Interactive, Novartis, MLS, NBA, USSF; Medicolegal 1–2 cases annually. Dr. Soares: ALKERMES (Research Grant), ALLERGAN (Research Grant), ASOFARMA (Consultant), ATAI (Stock), BOEHRINGER Ingelheim (Consultant), COMPASS (Research Grant), JOHNSON & JOHNSON (Consultant), LIVANOVA (Consultant), PFIZER (Consultant), PULVINAR NEURO LLC (Consultant), RELMADA (Consultant), SANOFI (Consultant), SUNOVIAN (Consultant). Dr. Thompson received partial research support from Biogen, Inc., for research unrelated to this manuscript. Dr. Yatham has been on speaker or advisory boards for, or has received research grants from, Alkermes, Abbvie, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Intracellular Therapies, Merck, Sanofi, Sequiris, Servier, and Sunovion, over the past 3 years, all outside this work. The collection of this cohort was partially supported by an investigator-initiated research grant from Biogen (US). Biogen had no role in the analysis or writing of this manuscript. Eisai (JP) and Life Molecular Imaging for research unrelated to this manuscript. Dr. Wylie has received research support from the NJ Commission for brain injury research, from the Dept of Veterans’ Affairs, from Biogen, from Bristol, Myers, Squibb, from Genetech, and has served on advisory boards for the CDMRP and the VA. All of these activities are unrelated to this research. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government.