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Sex determination of birds is essential for ecological studies, but visually distinguishing the sex of monomorphic birds in the field is challenging. We investigated intersexual morphological differences in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus saluratus), which is known as a sexually monomorphic species. We caught 198 adult Eurasian Tree Sparrows (104 males and 94 females), collected data on their morphological characteristics, and determined their sex using polymerase chain reaction to amplify sex-chromosome-linked CHD gene introns. Wing length was longer in males than in females, and badge sizes were significantly larger in males. Discriminant function analysis using badge size and wing length classified sex with an accuracy of 86.9%. In accordance with a previous paper, our study considers that the sex of Eurasian Tree Sparrows can be distinguished with reasonable accuracy by the badge size and wing length in wild populations. Received 6 January 2022. Accepted 16 July 2022. Key words: badge size, CHD gene intron, discriminant function analysis, monomorphism, sex determination, wing length. La determination del sexo do las aves cs esencial en estudios ecologicos. pero la determinacion visual del sexo en aves monomoriicas en campo es un reto. lnvcstigamos diferencias morfologicas intersexuales en el gorrion molinero eurasiatico (Passer montanus saluratus), que es conocido como una especie sexualmente monomorfica. Capturamos 198 gorriones molineros curasiaticos adultos (104 machos y 94 hembras), tomamos datos dc sus caracteristicas morfologicas y detenninamos su sexo usando rcaccion en cadena de polimerasa para ampliticar los introncs del gen CHD ligados al cromosoma sexual. La longitud del ala era mayor en machos que en hembras y los tamanos de las manchas eran significativamente mayorcs en machos que en hembras. Un analisis de funcidn discriminante usando tamano dc las manchas y longitud de! ala ctasifico el sexo con una precision de 86.9%. Tal y como se dijo en un articulo anterior, nuestro cstudio considers que el sexo de los gorriones molineros curasiaticos puede ser distinguido con una precision razonablc utilizando el tamano de la mancha y la longitud del ala en poblaciones silvestres. Palabras clave: analisis de funcidn discriminante. determinacion de sexo. intron del gen CHD. longitud dc ala, monomorfismo. tamano de mancha., Sex identification is essential for studying the biology of avian breeding, but it is difficult to visually distinguish the sex of monomorphic species. Sexual monomorphism appears in 30% of all [...]

In an increasingly globalised world, design educators face challenges of complex linguistic and cultural differences in their studios and critique systems. While general issues relating to globalisation and education have been discussed in past research, this paper is focused on improving the teaching and learning environment created by design educators in terms of perceptions on linguistic and cultural differences. Using interviews and focus group data from 56 participants, pedagogical themes are identified and categorised in terms of four pedagogical perspectives: (i) applying multicultural teaching and learning strategies, (ii) accommodating, encouraging and respecting diversity, (iii) ensuring equity and transparency, and (iv) building a supportive school culture. Within each perspective, the interview themes and supporting excerpts are used to suggest strategies and ideas to overcome linguistic and cultural barriers. This paper contributes to improvements in design education for a globalised world, as well as to improving teaching and learning for diverse student cohorts.