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2. Extensive search for axion dark matter over 1\,GHz with CAPP's Main Axion eXperiment

Author

Ahn, Saebyeok, Kim, JinMyeong, Ivanov, Boris I., Kwon, Ohjoon, Byun, HeeSu, van Loo, Arjan F., Par, SeongTae, Jeong, Junu, Lee, Soohyung, Kim, Jinsu, Kutlu, Çağlar, Yi, Andrew K., Nakamura, Yasunobu, Oh, Seonjeong, Ahn, Danho, Bae, SungJae, Choi, Hyoungsoon, Choi, Jihoon, Chong, Yonuk, Chung, Woohyun, Gkika, Violeta, Kim, Jihn E., Kim, Younggeun, Ko, Byeong Rok, Miceli, Lino, Lee, Doyu, Lee, Jiwon, Lee, Ki Woong, Lee, MyeongJae, Matlashov, Andrei, Parashar, Pallavi, Seong, Taehyeon, Shin, Yun Chang, Uchaikin, Sergey V., Youn, SungWoo, and Semertzidis, Yannis K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report an extensive high-sensitivity search for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP). The cavity resonant search, exploiting the coupling between axions and photons, explored the frequency (mass) range of 1.025\,GHz (4.24\,$\mu$eV) to 1.185\,GHz (4.91\,$\mu$eV). We have introduced a number of innovations in this field, demonstrating the practical approach of optimizing all the relevant parameters of axion haloscopes, extending presently available technology. The CAPP 12\,T magnet with an aperture of 320\,mm made of Nb$_3$Sn and NbTi superconductors surrounding a 37-liter ultralight-weight copper cavity is expected to convert DFSZ axions into approximately $10^2$ microwave photons per second. A powerful dilution refrigerator, capable of keeping the core system below 40\,mK, combined with quantum-noise limited readout electronics, achieved a total system noise of about 200\,mK or below, which corresponds to a background of roughly $4\times 10^3$ photons per second within the axion bandwidth. The combination of all those improvements provides unprecedented search performance, imposing the most stringent exclusion limits on axion--photon coupling in this frequency range to date. These results also suggest an experimental capability suitable for highly-sensitive searches for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz., Comment: A detailed axion dark matter article with 27 pages, 22 figures

Published
2024

7. Contextual quantum metrology

Author

Jae, Jeongwoo, Lee, Jiwon, Kim, M. S., Lee, Kwang-Geol, and Lee, Jinhyoung

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum metrology promises higher precision measurements than classical methods. Entanglement has been identified as one of quantum resources to enhance metrological precision. However, generating entangled states with high fidelity presents considerable challenges, and thus attaining metrological enhancement through entanglement is generally difficult. Here, we show that contextuality of measurement selection can enhance metrological precision, and this enhancement is attainable with a simple linear optical experiment. We call our methodology "contextual quantum metrology" (coQM). Contextuality is a nonclassical property known as a resource for various quantum information processing tasks. Until now, it has remained an open question whether contextuality can be a resource for quantum metrology. We answer this question in the affirmative by showing that the coQM can elevate precision of an optical polarimetry by a factor of 1.4 to 6.0, much higher than the one by quantum Fisher information, known as the limit of conventional quantum metrology. We achieve the contextuality-enabled enhancement with two polarization measurements which are mutually complementary, whereas, in the conventional method, some optimal measurements to achieve the precision limit are either theoretically difficult to find or experimentally infeasible. These results highlight that the contextuality of measurement selection is applicable in practice for quantum metrology., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, companion paper: arXiv:2311.11785

Published
2023
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8. Metrological power of incompatible measurements

Author

Jae, Jeongwoo, Lee, Jiwon, Lee, Kwang-Geol, Kim, M. S., and Lee, Jinhyoung

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We show that measurement incompatibility is a necessary resource to enhance the precision of quantum metrology. To utilize incompatible measurements, we propose a probabilistic method of operational quasiprobability (OQ) consisting of the measuring averages. OQ becomes positive semidefinite for some quantum states. We prove that Fisher information (FI), based on positive OQ, can be larger than the conventional quantum FI. Applying the proof, we show that FI of OQ can be extremely larger than quantum FI, when estimating a parameter encoded onto a qubit state with two mutually unbiased measurements. By adopting maximum likelihood estimator and linear error propagation methods, we illustrate that they achieve the high precision that our model predicts. This approach is expected to be applicable to improve quantum sensors.

Published
2023

12. A Learnable Counter-condition Analysis Framework for Functional Connectivity-based Neurological Disorder Diagnosis

Author

Kang, Eunsong, Heo, Da-woon, Lee, Jiwon, and Suk, Heung-Il

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

To understand the biological characteristics of neurological disorders with functional connectivity (FC), recent studies have widely utilized deep learning-based models to identify the disease and conducted post-hoc analyses via explainable models to discover disease-related biomarkers. Most existing frameworks consist of three stages, namely, feature selection, feature extraction for classification, and analysis, where each stage is implemented separately. However, if the results at each stage lack reliability, it can cause misdiagnosis and incorrect analysis in afterward stages. In this study, we propose a novel unified framework that systemically integrates diagnoses (i.e., feature selection and feature extraction) and explanations. Notably, we devised an adaptive attention network as a feature selection approach to identify individual-specific disease-related connections. We also propose a functional network relational encoder that summarizes the global topological properties of FC by learning the inter-network relations without pre-defined edges between functional networks. Last but not least, our framework provides a novel explanatory power for neuroscientific interpretation, also termed counter-condition analysis. We simulated the FC that reverses the diagnostic information (i.e., counter-condition FC): converting a normal brain to be abnormal and vice versa. We validated the effectiveness of our framework by using two large resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and REST-meta-MDD, and demonstrated that our framework outperforms other competing methods for disease identification. Furthermore, we analyzed the disease-related neurological patterns based on counter-condition analysis.

Published
2023

13. A Forensic Methodology for Detecting Image Manipulations

Author

Lee, Jiwon, Jeon, Seungjae, Park, Yunji, Chung, Jaehyun, and Jeong, Doowon

Subjects
Computer Science - Multimedia
Abstract

By applying artificial intelligence to image editing technology, it has become possible to generate high-quality images with minimal traces of manipulation. However, since these technologies can be misused for criminal activities such as dissemination of false information, destruction of evidence, and denial of facts, it is crucial to implement strong countermeasures. In this study, image file and mobile forensic artifacts analysis were conducted for detecting image manipulation. Image file analysis involves parsing the metadata of manipulated images (e.g., Exif, DQT, and Filename Signature) and comparing them with a Reference DB to detect manipulation. The Reference DB is a database that collects manipulation-related traces left in image metadata, which serves as a criterion for detecting image manipulation. In the mobile forensic artifacts analysis, packages related to image editing tools were extracted and analyzed to aid the detection of image manipulation. The proposed methodology overcomes the limitations of existing graphic feature-based analysis and combines with image processing techniques, providing the advantage of reducing false positives. The research results demonstrate the significant role of such methodology in digital forensic investigation and analysis. Additionally, We provide the code for parsing image metadata and the Reference DB along with the dataset of manipulated images, aiming to contribute to related research.

Published
2023
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16. Glucose dysregulation in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis: in silico exploration of gene expression signatures

Author

Lee, Jiwon, Xue, Xiangning, Au, Emily, McIntyre, William B., Asgariroozbehani, Roshanak, Panganiban, Kristoffer, Tseng, George C., Papoulias, Maria, Smith, Emily, Monteiro, Jonathan, Shah, Divia, Maksyutynska, Kateryna, Cavalier, Samantha, Radoncic, Emril, Prasad, Femin, Agarwal, Sri Mahavir, Mccullumsmith, Robert, Freyberg, Zachary, Logan, Ryan W., and Hahn, Margaret K.

Published
2024
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20. Search for the Sagittarius Tidal Stream of Axion Dark Matter around 4.55 $\mu$eV

Author

Yi, Andrew K., Ahn, Saebyeok, Kutlu, Çağlar, Kim, JinMyeong, Ko, Byeong Rok, Ivanov, Boris I., Byun, HeeSu, van Loo, Arjan F., Park, SeongTae, Jeong, Junu, Kwon, Ohjoon, Nakamura, Yasunobu, Uchaikin, Sergey V., Choi, Jihoon, Lee, Soohyung, Lee, MyeongJae, Shin, Yun Chang, Kim, Jinsu, Lee, Doyu, Ahn, Danho, Bae, SungJae, Lee, Jiwon, Kim, Younggeun, Gkika, Violeta, Lee, Ki Woong, Oh, Seonjeong, Seong, Taehyeon, Kim, DongMin, Chung, Woohyun, Matlashov, Andrei, Youn, SungWoo, and Semertzidis, Yannis K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 $\mu$eV using CAPP-12TB haloscope data acquired in March of 2022. Our result excluded the Sagittarius tidal stream of Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter densities of $\rho_a\gtrsim0.184$ and $\gtrsim0.025$ GeV/cm$^{3}$, respectively, over a mass range from 4.51 to 4.59 $\mu$eV at a 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 7 Figures, PRD Letter accepted

Published
2023
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21. Evolving Populations of Solved Subgraphs with Crossover and Constraint Repair

Author

Lee, Jiwon, Sutton, Andrew M., Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Affenzeller, Michael, editor, Winkler, Stephan M., editor, Kononova, Anna V., editor, Trautmann, Heike, editor, Tušar, Tea, editor, Machado, Penousal, editor, and Bäck, Thomas, editor

Published
2024
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22. A Location and Situation-Based AAC Web Service with Automatic Synchronization of Individual Mobile Applications

Author

Seo, Jiwoo, Lee, Jiwon, Hong, Ki-Hyung, Kim, Kyungyang, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Peňáz, Petr, editor, and Kobayashi, Makato, editor

Published
2024
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23. Axion Dark Matter Search around 4.55 $\mu$eV with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii Sensitivity

Author

Yi, Andrew K., Ahn, Saebyeok, Kutlu, Çağlar, Kim, JinMyeong, Ko, Byeong Rok, Ivanov, Boris I., Byun, HeeSu, van Loo, Arjan F., Park, SeongTae, Jeong, Junu, Kwon, Ohjoon, Nakamura, Yasunobu, Uchaikin, Sergey V., Choi, Jihoon, Lee, Soohyung, Lee, MyeongJae, Shin, Yun Chang, Kim, Jinsu, Lee, Doyu, Ahn, Danho, Bae, SungJae, Lee, Jiwon, Kim, Younggeun, Gkika, Violeta, Lee, Ki Woong, Oh, Seonjeong, Seong, Taehyeon, Kim, DongMin, Chung, Woohyun, Matlashov, Andrei, Youn, SungWoo, and Semertzidis, Yannis K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100\% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion--photon coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$ down to about $6.2\times10^{-16}$ GeV$^{-1}$ over the axion mass range between 4.51 and 4.59 $\mu$eV at a 90\% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13\% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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24. Targeted Genome Sequencing Identifies Multiple Rare Variants in Caveolin-1 Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Author

Liang, Jingjing, Wang, Heming, Cade, Brian E, Kurniansyah, Nuzulul, He, Karen Y, Lee, Jiwon, Sands, Scott A, A Brody, Jennifer, Chen, Han, Gottlieb, Daniel J, Evans, Daniel S, Guo, Xiuqing, Gharib, Sina A, Hale, Lauren, Hillman, David R, Lutsey, Pamela L, Mukherjee, Sutapa, Ochs-Balcom, Heather M, Palmer, Lyle J, Purcell, Shaun, Saxena, Richa, Patel, Sanjay R, Stone, Katie L, Tranah, Gregory J, Boerwinkle, Eric, Lin, Xihong, Liu, Yongmei, Psaty, Bruce M, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Manichaikul, Ani, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Sofer, Tamar, Redline, Susan, and Zhu, Xiaofeng

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Sleep Research, Biotechnology, Cardiovascular, Human Genome, Genetics, Minority Health, Precision Medicine, Lung, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Caveolin 1, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Sequence Analysis, DNA, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, obstructive sleep apnea, caveolin-1, apnea-hypopnea index, genetic association analysis, rare variants, TOPMed Sleep Working Group, apnea–hypopnea index, Medical and Health Sciences, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature mortality. There is strong clinical and epidemiologic evidence supporting the importance of genetic factors influencing OSA but limited data implicating specific genes. Objectives: To search for rare variants contributing to OSA severity. Methods: Leveraging high-depth genomic sequencing data from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and imputed genotype data from multiple population-based studies, we performed linkage analysis in the CFS (Cleveland Family Study), followed by multistage gene-based association analyses in independent cohorts for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in a total of 7,708 individuals of European ancestry. Measurements and Main Results: Linkage analysis in the CFS identified a suggestive linkage peak on chromosome 7q31 (LOD = 2.31). Gene-based analysis identified 21 noncoding rare variants in CAV1 (Caveolin-1) associated with lower AHI after accounting for multiple comparisons (P = 7.4 × 10-8). These noncoding variants together significantly contributed to the linkage evidence (P

Published
2022

25. A Backside-Illuminated Charge-Focusing Silicon SPAD with Enhanced Near-Infrared Sensitivity

Author

Van Sieleghem, Edward, Karve, Gauri, De Munck, Koen, Vinci, Andrea, Cavaco, Celso, Süss, Andreas, Van Hoof, Chris, and Lee, Jiwon

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

A backside-illuminated (BSI) near-infrared enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) for time-of-flight (ToF) light detection and ranging applications is presented. The detector contains a 2 $\mu$m wide multiplication region with a spherically-uniform electric field peak enforced by field-line crowding. A charge-focusing electric field extends into a 10 $\mu$m deep absorption volume, whereby electrons generated in all corners of the device can move efficiently towards the multiplication region. The SPAD is integrated with a customized 130 nm CMOS technology and a dedicated BSI process. The device has a pitch of 15 $\mu$m, which has the potential to be scaled down without significant performance loss. Furthermore, the detector achieves a photon detection efficiency of 27% at 905 nm, with an excess bias of 3.5 V that is controlled by integrated CMOS electronics, and a timing resolution of 240 ps. By virtue of these features, the device architecture is well-suited for large format ToF imaging arrays with integrated electronics.

Published
2022
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26. GROW: A Row-Stationary Sparse-Dense GEMM Accelerator for Memory-Efficient Graph Convolutional Neural Networks

Author

Hwang, Ranggi, Kang, Minhoo, Lee, Jiwon, Kam, Dongyun, Lee, Youngjoo, and Rhu, Minsoo

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) have emerged as a key technology in various application domains where the input data is relational. A unique property of GCNs is that its two primary execution stages, aggregation and combination, exhibit drastically different dataflows. Consequently, prior GCN accelerators tackle this research space by casting the aggregation and combination stages as a series of sparse-dense matrix multiplication. However, prior work frequently suffers from inefficient data movements, leaving significant performance left on the table. We present GROW, a GCN accelerator based on Gustavson's algorithm to architect a row-wise product based sparse-dense GEMM accelerator. GROW co-designs the software/hardware that strikes a balance in locality and parallelism for GCNs, achieving significant energy-efficiency improvements vs. state-of-the-art GCN accelerators., Comment: Accepted for publication at the 29th IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), 2023

Published
2022

32. LOSTIN: Logic Optimization via Spatio-Temporal Information with Hybrid Graph Models

Author

Wu, Nan, Lee, Jiwon, Xie, Yuan, and Hao, Cong

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

Despite the stride made by machine learning (ML) based performance modeling, two major concerns that may impede production-ready ML applications in EDA are stringent accuracy requirements and generalization capability. To this end, we propose hybrid graph neural network (GNN) based approaches towards highly accurate quality-of-result (QoR) estimations with great generalization capability, specifically targeting logic synthesis optimization. The key idea is to simultaneously leverage spatio-temporal information from hardware designs and logic synthesis flows to forecast performance (i.e., delay/area) of various synthesis flows on different designs. The structural characteristics inside hardware designs are distilled and represented by GNNs; the temporal knowledge (i.e., relative ordering of logic transformations) in synthesis flows can be imposed on hardware designs by combining a virtually added supernode or a sequence processing model with conventional GNN models. Evaluation on 3.3 million data points shows that the testing mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on designs seen and unseen during training are no more than 1.2% and 3.1%, respectively, which are 7-15X lower than existing studies.

Published
2022

33. Thin-film image sensors with a pinned photodiode structure

Author

Lee, Jiwon, Georgitzikis, Epimitheas, Hermans, Yannick, Papadopoulos, Nikolas, Chandrasekaran, Naresh, Jin, Minhyun, Siddik, Abu Bakar, De Roose, Florian, Uytterhoeven, Griet, Kim, Joo Hyoung, Puybaret, Renaud, Li, Yunlong, Pejovic, Vladimir, Karve, Gauri, Cheyns, David, Genoe, Jan, Malinowski, Paweł E., Heremans, Paul, and Myny, Kris

Published
2023
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34. hSDB-instrument: Instrument Localization Database for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries

Author

Yoon, Jihun, Lee, Jiwon, Heo, Sunghwan, Yu, Hayeong, Lim, Jayeon, Song, Chi Hyun, Hong, SeulGi, Hong, Seungbum, Park, Bokyung, Park, SungHyun, Hyung, Woo Jin, and Choi, Min-Kook

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Automated surgical instrument localization is an important technology to understand the surgical process and in order to analyze them to provide meaningful guidance during surgery or surgical index after surgery to the surgeon. We introduce a new dataset that reflects the kinematic characteristics of surgical instruments for automated surgical instrument localization of surgical videos. The hSDB(hutom Surgery DataBase)-instrument dataset consists of instrument localization information from 24 cases of laparoscopic cholecystecomy and 24 cases of robotic gastrectomy. Localization information for all instruments is provided in the form of a bounding box for object detection. To handle class imbalance problem between instruments, synthesized instruments modeled in Unity for 3D models are included as training data. Besides, for 3D instrument data, a polygon annotation is provided to enable instance segmentation of the tool. To reflect the kinematic characteristics of all instruments, they are annotated with head and body parts for laparoscopic instruments, and with head, wrist, and body parts for robotic instruments separately. Annotation data of assistive tools (specimen bag, needle, etc.) that are frequently used for surgery are also included. Moreover, we provide statistical information on the hSDB-instrument dataset and the baseline localization performances of the object detection networks trained by the MMDetection library and resulting analyses., Comment: https://hsdb-instrument.github.io

Published
2021
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35. Rethinking Generalization Performance of Surgical Phase Recognition with Expert-Generated Annotations

Author

Hong, Seungbum, Lee, Jiwon, Park, Bokyung, Alwusaibie, Ahmed A., Alfadhel, Anwar H., Park, SungHyun, Hyung, Woo Jin, and Choi, Min-Kook

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

As the area of application of deep neural networks expands to areas requiring expertise, e.g., in medicine and law, more exquisite annotation processes for expert knowledge training are required. In particular, it is difficult to guarantee generalization performance in the clinical field in the case of expert knowledge training where opinions may differ even among experts on annotations. To raise the issue of the annotation generation process for expertise training of CNNs, we verified the annotations for surgical phase recognition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We produce calibrated annotations for the seven phases of cholecystectomy by analyzing the discrepancies of previously annotated labels and by discussing the criteria of surgical phases. For gastrectomy for gastric cancer has more complex twenty-one surgical phases, we generate consensus annotation by the revision process with five specialists. By training the CNN-based surgical phase recognition networks with revised annotations, we achieved improved generalization performance over models trained with original annotation under the same cross-validation settings. We showed that the expertise data annotation pipeline for deep neural networks should be more rigorous based on the type of problem to apply clinical field., Comment: Bridging the Gap: From Machine Learning Research to Clinical Practice @ NeurIPS 2021 (Spotlight)

Published
2021

38. A genetic association study of circulating coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor levels

Author

Abe, Namiko, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aguet, Francois, Albert, Christine, Almasy, Laura, Alonso, Alvaro, Ament, Seth, Anderson, Peter, Anugu, Pramod, Applebaum-Bowden, Deborah, Ardlie, Kristin, Arking, Dan, Arnett, Donna K, Ashley-Koch, Allison, Aslibekyan, Stella, Assimes, Tim, Auer, Paul, Avramopoulos, Dimitrios, Ayas, Najib, Balasubramanian, Adithya, Barnard, John, Barnes, Kathleen, Barr, R. Graham, Barron-Casella, Emily, Barwick, Lucas, Beaty, Terri, Beck, Gerald, Becker, Diane, Becker, Lewis, Beer, Rebecca, Beitelshees, Amber, Benjamin, Emelia, Benos, Takis, Bezerra, Marcos, Bielak, Larry, Bis, Joshua, Blackwell, Thomas, Blangero, John, Blue, Nathan, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bowden, Donald W., Bowler, Russell, Brody, Jennifer, Broeckel, Ulrich, Broome, Jai, Brown, Deborah, Bunting, Karen, Burchard, Esteban, Bustamante, Carlos, Buth, Erin, Cade, Brian, Cardwell, Jonathan, Carey, Vincent, Carrier, Julie, Carson, April P., Carty, Cara, Casaburi, Richard, Casas Romero, Juan P, Casella, James, Castaldi, Peter, Chaffin, Mark, Chang, Christy, Chang, Yi-Cheng, Chasman, Daniel, Chavan, Sameer, Chen, Bo-Juen, Chen, Wei-Min, Ida Chen, Yii-Der, Cho, Michael, Choi, Seung Hoan, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Chung, Mina, Chung, Ren-Hua, Clish, Clary, Comhair, Suzy, Conomos, Matthew, Cornell, Elaine, Correa, Adolfo, Crandall, Carolyn, Crapo, James, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Curran, Joanne, Curtis, Jeffrey, Custer, Brian, Damcott, Coleen, Darbar, Dawood, David, Sean, Davis, Colleen, Daya, Michelle, de Andrade, Mariza, de las Fuentes, Lisa, de Vries, Paul, DeBaun, Michael, Deka, Ranjan, DeMeo, Dawn, Devine, Scott, Dinh, Huyen, Doddapaneni, Harsha, Duan, Qing, Dugan-Perez, Shannon, Duggirala, Ravi, Durda, Jon Peter, Dutcher, Susan K., Eaton, Charles, Ekunwe, Lynette, El Boueiz, Adel, Ellinor, Patrick, Emery, Leslie, Erzurum, Serpil, Farber, Charles, Farek, Jesse, Fingerlin, Tasha, Flickinger, Matthew, Fornage, Myriam, Franceschini, Nora, Frazar, Chris, Fu, Mao, Fullerton, Stephanie M., Fulton, Lucinda, Gabriel, Stacey, Gan, Weiniu, Gao, Shanshan, Gao, Yan, Gass, Margery, Geiger, Heather, Gelb, Bruce, Geraci, Mark, Germer, Soren, Gerszten, Robert, Ghosh, Auyon, Gibbs, Richard, Gignoux, Chris, Gladwin, Mark, Glahn, David, Gogarten, Stephanie, Gong, Da-Wei, Goring, Harald, Graw, Sharon, Gray, Kathryn J., Grine, Daniel, Gross, Colin, Gu, C. Charles, Guan, Yue, Guo, Xiuqing, Gupta, Namrata, Haessler, Jeff, Hall, Michael, Han, Yi, Hanly, Patrick, Harris, Daniel, Hawley, Nicola L., He, Jiang, Heavner, Ben, Heckbert, Susan, Hernandez, Ryan, Herrington, David, Hersh, Craig, Hidalgo, Bertha, Hixson, James, Hobbs, Brian, Hokanson, John, Hong, Elliott, Hoth, Karin, Hsiung, Chao (Agnes), Hu, Jianhong, Hung, Yi-Jen, Huston, Haley, Hwu, Chii Min, Irvin, Marguerite Ryan, Jackson, Rebecca, Jain, Deepti, Jaquish, Cashell, Johnsen, Jill, Johnson, Andrew, Johnson, Craig, Johnston, Rich, Jones, Kimberly, Kang, Hyun Min, Kaplan, Robert, Kardia, Sharon, Kelly, Shannon, Kenny, Eimear, Kessler, Michael, Khan, Alyna, Khan, Ziad, Kim, Wonji, Kimoff, John, Kinney, Greg, Konkle, Barbara, Kooperberg, Charles, Kramer, Holly, Lange, Christoph, Lange, Ethan, Lange, Leslie, Laurie, Cathy, Laurie, Cecelia, LeBoff, Meryl, Lee, Jiwon, Lee, Sandra, Lee, Wen-Jane, LeFaive, Jonathon, Levine, David, Levy, Dan, Lewis, Joshua, Li, Xiaohui, Li, Yun, Lin, Henry, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Xihong, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yongmei, Liu, Yu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lubitz, Steven, Lunetta, Kathryn, Luo, James, Magalang, Ulysses, Mahaney, Michael, Make, Barry, Manichaikul, Ani, Manning, Alisa, Manson, JoAnn, Martin, Lisa, Marton, Melissa, Mathai, Susan, Mathias, Rasika, May, Susanne, McArdle, Patrick, McDonald, Merry-Lynn, McFarland, Sean, McGarvey, Stephen, McGoldrick, Daniel, McHugh, Caitlin, McNeil, Becky, Mei, Hao, Meigs, James, Menon, Vipin, Mestroni, Luisa, Metcalf, Ginger, Meyers, Deborah A, Mignot, Emmanuel, Mikulla, Julie, Min, Nancy, Minear, Mollie, Minster, Ryan L, Mitchell, Braxton D., Moll, Matt, Momin, Zeineen, Montasser, May E., Montgomery, Courtney, Muzny, Donna, Mychaleckyj, Josyf C, Nadkarni, Girish, Naik, Rakhi, Naseri, Take, Natarajan, Pradeep, Nekhai, Sergei, Nelson, Sarah C., Neltner, Bonnie, Nessner, Caitlin, Nickerson, Deborah, Nkechinyere, Osuji, North, Kari, O'Connell, Jeff, O'Connor, Tim, Ochs-Balcom, Heather, Okwuonu, Geoffrey, Pack, Allan, Paik, David T., Palmer, Nicholette, Pankow, James, Papanicolaou, George, Parker, Cora, Peloso, Gina, Peralta, Juan Manuel, Perez, Marco, Perry, James, Peters, Ulrike, Peyser, Patricia, Phillips, Lawrence S, Pleiness, Jacob, Pollin, Toni, Post, Wendy, Becker, Julia Powers, Boorgula, Meher Preethi, Preuss, Michael, Psaty, Bruce, Qasba, Pankaj, Qiao, Dandi, Qin, Zhaohui, Rafaels, Nicholas, Raffield, Laura, Rajendran, Mahitha, Ramachandran, Vasan S., Rao, D. C., Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura, Ratan, Aakrosh, Redline, Susan, Reed, Robert, Reeves, Catherine, Regan, Elizabeth, Reiner, Alex, Reupena, Muagututi‘a Sefuiva, Rice, Ken, Rich, Stephen, Robillard, Rebecca, Robine, Nicolas, Roden, Dan, Roselli, Carolina, Rotter, Jerome, Ruczinski, Ingo, Runnels, Alexi, Russell, Pamela, Ruuska, Sarah, Ryan, Kathleen, Sabino, Ester Cerdeira, Saleheen, Danish, Salimi, Shabnam, Salvi, Sejal, Salzberg, Steven, Sandow, Kevin, Sankaran, Vijay G., Santibanez, Jireh, Schwander, Karen, Schwartz, David, Sciurba, Frank, Seidman, Christine, Seidman, Jonathan, Sériès, Frédéric, Sheehan, Vivien, Sherman, Stephanie L., Shetty, Amol, Shetty, Aniket, Hui-Heng Sheu, Wayne, Shoemaker, M. Benjamin, Silver, Brian, Silverman, Edwin, Skomro, Robert, Smith, Albert Vernon, Smith, Jennifer, Smith, Josh, Smith, Nicholas, Smith, Tanja, Smoller, Sylvia, Snively, Beverly, Snyder, Michael, Sofer, Tamar, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Stilp, Adrienne M., Storm, Garrett, Streeten, Elizabeth, Su, Jessica Lasky, Sung, Yun Ju, Sylvia, Jody, Szpiro, Adam, Taliun, Daniel, Tang, Hua, Taub, Margaret, Taylor, Kent D., Taylor, Matthew, Taylor, Simeon, Telen, Marilyn, Thornton, Timothy A., Threlkeld, Machiko, Tinker, Lesley, Tirschwell, David, Tishkoff, Sarah, Tiwari, Hemant, Tong, Catherine, Tracy, Russell, Tsai, Michael, Vaidya, Dhananjay, Van Den Berg, David, VandeHaar, Peter, Vrieze, Scott, Walker, Tarik, Wallace, Robert, Walts, Avram, Wang, Fei Fei, Wang, Heming, Wang, Jiongming, Watson, Karol, Watt, Jennifer, Weeks, Daniel E., Weinstock, Joshua, Weir, Bruce, Weiss, Scott T, Weng, Lu-Chen, Wessel, Jennifer, Willer, Cristen, Williams, Kayleen, Williams, L. Keoki, Wilson, Carla, Wilson, James, Winterkorn, Lara, Wong, Quenna, Wu, Joseph, Xu, Huichun, Yanek, Lisa, Yang, Ivana, Yu, Ketian, Zekavat, Seyedeh Maryam, Zhang, Yingze, Zhao, Snow Xueyan, Zhao, Wei, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Ziv, Elad, Zody, Michael, Zoellner, Sebastian, Lindstrom, Sara, Wang, Lu, Smith, Erin N., Gordon, William, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, Brody, Jennifer A., Pattee, Jack W., Haessler, Jeffrey, Brumpton, Ben M., Chasman, Daniel I., Suchon, Pierre, Chen, Ming-Huei, Turman, Constance, Germain, Marine, Wiggins, Kerri L., MacDonald, James, Braekkan, Sigrid K., Armasu, Sebastian M., Pankratz, Nathan, Jackson, Rabecca D., Nielsen, Jonas B., Giulianini, Franco, Puurunen, Marja K., Ibrahim, Manal, Heckbert, Susan R., Bammler, Theo K., Frazer, Kelly A., McCauley, Bryan M., Taylor, Kent, Pankow, James S., Reiner, Alexander P., Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Deleuze, Jean-François, O'Donnell, Chris J., Kim, Jihye, McKnight, Barbara, Kraft, Peter, Hansen, John-Bjarne, Rosendaal, Frits R., Heit, John A., Psaty, Bruce M., Tang, Weihong, Hveem, Kristian, Ridker, Paul M., Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Johnson, Andrew D., Kabrhel, Christopher, AlexandreTrégouët, David, Smith, Nicholas L., de Vries, Paul S., Reventun, Paula, Brown, Michael R., Heath, Adam S., Huffman, Jennifer E., Le, Ngoc-Quynh, Bebo, Allison, Temprano-Sagrera, Gerard, Raffield, Laura M., Ozel, Ayse Bilge, Thibord, Florian, Lewis, Joshua P., Rodriguez, Benjamin A. T., Polasek, Ozren, Yanek, Lisa R., Carrasquilla, German D., Marioni, Riccardo E., Kleber, Marcus E., Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Yao, Jie, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Joshi, Peter K., Trompet, Stella, Martinez-Perez, Angel, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Howard, Tom E., Reiner, Alex P., Arvanitis, Marios, Ryan, Kathleen A., Bartz, Traci M., Rudan, Igor, Faraday, Nauder, Linneberg, Allan, Davies, Gail, Delgado, Graciela E., Klaric, Lucija, Noordam, Raymond, van Rooij, Frank, Curran, Joanne E., Wheeler, Marsha M., Osburn, William O., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Beswick, Andrew, Kolcic, Ivana, Souto, Juan Carlos, Becker, Lewis C., Hansen, Torben, Doyle, Margaret F., Harris, Sarah E., Moissl, Angela P., Rich, Stephen S., Campbell, Harry, Stott, David J., Soria, Jose Manuel, de Maat, Moniek P. M., Brody, Lawrence C., Auer, Paul L., Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Hayward, Caroline, Mathias, Rasika A., Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Lange, Leslie A., Cox, Simon R., März, Winfried, Rotter, Jerome I., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Wilson, James F., van der Harst, Pim, Jukema, J. Wouter, Ikram, M. Arfan, Desch, Karl C., Sabater-Lleal, Maria, Lowenstein, Charles J., and Morrison, Alanna C.

Published
2024
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43. A Near-Infrared Enhanced Silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diode with a Spherically Uniform Electric Field Peak

Author

Van Sieleghem, Edward, Süss, Andreas, Boulenc, Pierre, Lee, Jiwon, Karve, Gauri, De Munck, Koen, Cavaco, Celso, and Van Hoof, Chris

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

A near-infrared (NIR) enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) fabricated in a customized 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS technology is presented. The SPAD has a depleted absorption volume of approximately 15 $\mu$m x 15 $\mu$m x 18 $\mu$m. Electrons generated in the absorption region are efficiently transported by drift to a central active avalanche region with a diameter of 2 $\mu$m. At the operating voltage, the active region contains a spherically uniform field peak, enabling the multiplication of electrons originating from all corners of the device. The advantages of the SPAD architecture include high NIR photon detection efficiency (PDE), drift-based transport, low afterpulsing, and compatibility with an integrated CMOS readout. A front-side illuminated device is fabricated and characterized. The SPAD has a PDE of 13% at wavelength 905 nm, an afterpulsing probability < 0.1% for a dead time of 13 ns, and a median dark count rate (DCR) of 840 Hz at room temperature. The device shows promising performance for time-of-flight applications that benefit from uniform NIR-sensitive SPAD arrays., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2021
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44. Clinical Relevance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Specific IgE Sensitization in Late-Onset Asthma

Author

Won, Ha-Kyeong, Yoo, Youngsang, Lee, Jiwon, Kang, Noeul, Lee, Ji-Hyang, Choi, Jun-Pyo, and Kim, Tae-Bum

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Omalizumab, Medical colleges, Immunoglobulin E, Asthma, Health
Abstract

This prospective observational study examined whether Staphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal colonization and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)-specific IgE sensitization synergistically affect clinical outcomes of adults with late-onset asthma (onset age [greater than or equal to] 40 years). Nasal swabs were taken to evaluate SA colonization. Serum SE-IgE level was measured. Subjects were classified into 4 groups according to SA colonization and SE-IgE sensitization positivity. Among 181 patients with late-onset asthma recruited, the proportions of SA/SE (â/â), SA/SE (+ /â), SA/SE (â/ +), and SA/SE (+ / +) were 33.7%, 15.5%, 28.2%, and 22.6%, respectively. Severe asthma was more frequent in the SA/SE (+ / +) group than in the SA/SE (â/â) group (41.5% vs. 13.1%). The relationship of SA/SE (+ / +) with severe asthma was significant in multivariate logistic regression (vs. SA/SE (â/â); adjusted odds ratio: 4.36; 95% confidence intervals: 1.50â12.73; p = 0.007), whereas SA/SE (+ /â) or SA/SE (â/ +) was not. In conclusion, SA nasal colonization and SE-IgE sensitization may synergistically affect disease severity in late-onset asthmatics., Author(s): Ha-Kyeong Won [sup.1], Youngsang Yoo [sup.2], Jiwon Lee [sup.3], Noeul Kang [sup.4], Ji-Hyang Lee [sup.5], Jun-Pyo Choi [sup.6], Tae-Bum Kim [sup.5], Sang-Heon Cho [sup.7], Woo-Jung Song [sup.5] Author Affiliations: [...]

Published
2023
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48. The impact of Mendelian sleep and circadian genetic variants in a population setting

Author

Weedon, Michael N, Jones, Samuel E, Lane, Jacqueline M, Lee, Jiwon, Ollila, Hanna M, Dawes, Amy, Tyrrell, Jess, Beaumont, Robin N, Partonen, Timo, Merikanto, Ilona, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Frayling, Timothy M, Rutter, Martin K, Redline, Susan, Sofer, Tamar, Saxena, Richa, and Wood, Andrew R

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Sleep Research, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Phenotype, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Rare variants in ten genes have been reported to cause Mendelian sleep conditions characterised by extreme sleep duration or timing. These include familial natural short sleep (ADRB1, DEC2/BHLHE41, GRM1 and NPSR1), advanced sleep phase (PER2, PER3, CRY2, CSNK1D and TIMELESS) and delayed sleep phase (CRY1). The association of variants in these genes with extreme sleep conditions were usually based on clinically ascertained families, and their effects when identified in the population are unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of these variants on sleep traits in large population-based cohorts. We performed genetic association analysis of variants previously reported to be causal for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions. Analyses were performed using 191,929 individuals with data on sleep and whole-exome or genome-sequence data from 4 population-based studies: UK Biobank, FINRISK, Health-2000-2001, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We identified sleep disorders from self-report, hospital and primary care data. We estimated sleep duration and timing measures from self-report and accelerometery data. We identified carriers for 10 out of 12 previously reported pathogenic variants for 8 of the 10 genes. They ranged in frequency from 1 individual with the variant in CSNK1D to 1,574 individuals with a reported variant in the PER3 gene in the UK Biobank. No carriers for variants reported in NPSR1 or PER2 were identified. We found no association between variants analyzed and extreme sleep or circadian phenotypes. Using sleep timing as a proxy measure for sleep phase, only PER3 and CRY1 variants demonstrated association with earlier and later sleep timing, respectively; however, the magnitude of effect was smaller than previously reported (sleep midpoint ~7 mins earlier and ~5 mins later, respectively). We also performed burden tests of protein truncating (PTVs) or rare missense variants for the 10 genes. Only PTVs in PER2 and PER3 were associated with a relevant trait (for example, 64 individuals with a PTV in PER2 had an odds ratio of 4.4 for being "definitely a morning person", P = 4x10-8; and had a 57-minute earlier midpoint sleep, P = 5x10-7). Our results indicate that previously reported variants for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions are often not highly penetrant when ascertained incidentally from the general population.

Published
2022

49. Genetic determinants of telomere length from 109,122 ancestrally diverse whole-genome sequences in TOPMed

Author

Taub, Margaret A, Conomos, Matthew P, Keener, Rebecca, Iyer, Kruthika R, Weinstock, Joshua S, Yanek, Lisa R, Lane, John, Miller-Fleming, Tyne W, Brody, Jennifer A, Raffield, Laura M, McHugh, Caitlin P, Jain, Deepti, Gogarten, Stephanie M, Laurie, Cecelia A, Keramati, Ali, Arvanitis, Marios, Smith, Albert V, Heavner, Benjamin, Barwick, Lucas, Becker, Lewis C, Bis, Joshua C, Blangero, John, Bleecker, Eugene R, Burchard, Esteban G, Celedón, Juan C, Chang, Yen Pei C, Custer, Brian, Darbar, Dawood, de las Fuentes, Lisa, DeMeo, Dawn L, Freedman, Barry I, Garrett, Melanie E, Gladwin, Mark T, Heckbert, Susan R, Hidalgo, Bertha A, Irvin, Marguerite R, Islam, Talat, Johnson, W Craig, Kaab, Stefan, Launer, Lenore, Lee, Jiwon, Liu, Simin, Moscati, Arden, North, Kari E, Peyser, Patricia A, Rafaels, Nicholas, Seidman, Christine, Weeks, Daniel E, Wen, Fayun, Wheeler, Marsha M, Williams, L Keoki, Yang, Ivana V, Zhao, Wei, Aslibekyan, Stella, Auer, Paul L, Bowden, Donald W, Cade, Brian E, Chen, Zhanghua, Cho, Michael H, Cupples, L Adrienne, Curran, Joanne E, Daya, Michelle, Deka, Ranjan, Eng, Celeste, Fingerlin, Tasha E, Guo, Xiuqing, Hou, Lifang, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Johnsen, Jill M, Kenny, Eimear E, Levin, Albert M, Liu, Chunyu, Minster, Ryan L, Naseri, Take, Nouraie, Mehdi, Reupena, Muagututi A Sefuiva, Sabino, Ester C, Smith, Jennifer A, Smith, Nicholas L, Lasky-Su, Jessica, Taylor, James G, Telen, Marilyn J, Tiwari, Hemant K, Tracy, Russell P, White, Marquitta J, Zhang, Yingze, Wiggins, Kerri L, Weiss, Scott T, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Taylor, Kent D, Sinner, Moritz F, Silverman, Edwin K, Shoemaker, M Benjamin, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Sciurba, Frank, Schwartz, David A, Rotter, Jerome I, Roden, Daniel, Redline, Susan, and Raby, Benjamin A

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, NHLBI CARE Network, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, TOPMed Hematology and Hemostasis Working Group, TOPMed Structural Variation Working Group
Abstract

Genetic studies on telomere length are important for understanding age-related diseases. Prior GWAS for leukocyte TL have been limited to European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first sequencing-based association study for TL across ancestrally-diverse individuals (European, African, Asian and Hispanic/Latino) from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) of whole blood for variant genotype calling and the bioinformatic estimation of telomere length in n=109,122 individuals. We identified 59 sentinel variants (p-value

Published
2022

50. Whole-genome association analyses of sleep-disordered breathing phenotypes in the NHLBI TOPMed program

Author

Cade, Brian E, Lee, Jiwon, Sofer, Tamar, Wang, Heming, Zhang, Man, Chen, Han, Gharib, Sina A, Gottlieb, Daniel J, Guo, Xiuqing, Lane, Jacqueline M, Liang, Jingjing, Lin, Xihong, Mei, Hao, Patel, Sanjay R, Purcell, Shaun M, Saxena, Richa, Shah, Neomi A, Evans, Daniel S, Hanis, Craig L, Hillman, David R, Mukherjee, Sutapa, Palmer, Lyle J, Stone, Katie L, Tranah, Gregory J, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Boerwinkle, Eric A, Correa, Adolfo, Cupples, L Adrienne, Kaplan, Robert C, Nickerson, Deborah A, North, Kari E, Psaty, Bruce M, Rotter, Jerome I, Rich, Stephen S, Tracy, Russell P, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Wilson, James G, Zhu, Xiaofeng, and Redline, Susan

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Sleep Research, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Lung, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Alleles, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), Phenotype, Precision Medicine, Research, Signal Transduction, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, United States, Whole Genome Sequencing, Sleep-disordered breathing, Sleep apnea, Whole-genome sequencing, WGS, Genome-wide association study, GWAS, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, TOPMed Sleep Working Group, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity. The genetic architecture of sleep-disordered breathing remains poorly understood. Through the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, we performed the first whole-genome sequence analysis of sleep-disordered breathing.MethodsThe study sample was comprised of 7988 individuals of diverse ancestry. Common-variant and pathway analyses included an additional 13,257 individuals. We examined five complementary traits describing different aspects of sleep-disordered breathing: the apnea-hypopnea index, average oxyhemoglobin desaturation per event, average and minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation across the sleep episode, and the percentage of sleep with oxyhemoglobin saturation

Published
2021

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