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23. Quality Enhancement of Torrefied Biopellets Prepared by Unused Forest Biomass and Wood Chip Residues in Pulp Mills.

Author

Lee, Tae-Gyeong, Kim, Chul-Hwan, Park, Hyeong-Hun, Park, Ju-Hyun, Park, Min-Sik, and Lee, Jae-Sang

Subjects
WOOD waste, ENVIRONMENTAL protection, FOREST biomass, WOOD chips, WASTE recycling, WOOD pellets
Abstract

The effects of torrefaction of the biopellets made from hardwood chip residue (HW), camellia oilseed cake (CO), and pruning remnants of the toothache tree (TA) and mulberry tree (MT) were evaluated. Torrefaction of the biopellets reduced the volatile matter content of biopellets by 18–58% and increased their heating value by 18–58% without negatively impacting durability or fines content. Torrefaction also reduced the initial ignition time of biopellets by 50–59% and prolonged their combustion duration by 15–24%. Regardless of the type of feedstock, all biopellets exhibited mass yields in the range of 60–80% and energy yields ranging from 80–95%. The novelty of this study lies in the application of torrefaction to already-formed biopellets, which enhances pellet quality without the need for binders, and the use of unused forest biomass and wood chip residue from pulp mills. The use of unused forest biomass and wood chip residue from pulp mills for biopellet production not only provides a sustainable and efficient method for waste utilization but also contributes to environmental conservation by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. Overall, the torrefaction of biopellets represents a promising technology for producing high-quality solid biofuel from a variety of woody biomass feedstocks without compromising pelletizing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Effects of Zirconium-Based Crosslinkers with Different Zirconium Contents on Pigment Coating in Paper.

Author

Park, Hyeong-Hun, Kim, Chul-Hwan, Lee, Tae-Gyeong, Park, Ju-Hyun, Park, Min-Sik, and Lee, Jae-Sang

Subjects
POTASSIUM carbonate, ANIMAL coloration, ZIRCONIUM, OPTICAL properties, VISCOSITY
Abstract

This study investigates the impact of zirconium-based KZC series crosslinkers with varying zirconium contents and the polyamine-based crosslinker (PBC) on the properties of coated paper, focusing on key performance metrics such as viscosity, wet rub and pick resistance, dry pick resistance, gloss, brightness, ink set-off, and print mottle. The findings reveal that crosslinkers' type and concentration significantly influence the coating colors' viscosity, with PBC demonstrating lower low shear viscosity at lower concentrations. The KZC series showed stable viscosity across a zirconium content range of 7% to 20%, and both crosslinker types enhanced wet rub resistance at higher concentrations. Notably, the KZC series, particularly KZC7, exhibited superior wet pick resistance at increased concentrations, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing the durability of the coating layer. All crosslinkers maintained excellent dry pick resistance, ensuring robust coating performance. While gloss and brightness were generally unaffected, KZC20, which had the highest zirconium content, slightly reduced these optical properties. Ink set-off tests indicated that the KZC series performed better at lower concentrations, whereas higher concentrations led to increased ink set-off, potentially due to over-crosslinking. Print mottle remained consistent across all crosslinkers, indicating uniform coating quality. Overall, the zirconium-based KZC series significantly enhances wet resistance and maintains high performance across various properties, though it may slightly reduce gloss and brightness and increase ink set-off at higher concentrations. PBC offers a balanced performance profile, emphasizing the need for careful crosslinker type and concentration optimization to achieve the desired coating properties for specific applications. This comprehensive evaluation provides valuable insights for developing and optimizing high-performance coated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Study of the Improvement of Disintegration Efficiency and Antibacterial Properties of Disposable Toilet Seat Cover Sheet Made of Cellulose Fibers.

Author

Park, Ju-Hyun, Kim, Chul-Hwan, Park, Hyeong-Hun, Lee, Tae-Gyeong, Park, Min-Sik, and Lee, Jae-Sang

Subjects
RESTROOMS, CELLULOSE fibers, HYGIENE, TOILETS, ANTIBACTERIAL agents
Abstract

The growing prevalence of disposable toilet seat covers in public restrooms stems from concerns about personal hygiene, given the direct contact between the seat and various users' skin. To enable these disposable cover sheets to be flushed down the toilet instead of being discarded in the trash, they must possess specific properties. These include rapid water absorption for quick disintegration, strength to endure user movement or moisture on the toilet seat surface, and a comfortable texture. To address these challenges, the study investigated the disintegration characteristics of flushable cover sheets prepared under different refining conditions. Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was also employed to enhance water resistance, while an organic antibacterial agent was used to impart antimicrobial properties. The findings revealed that adding 0.2% AKD and 1% organic antibacterial agent to pulp stock with a freeness of about 650 mL CSF was suitable for manufacturing disposable cover sheets with disintegration characteristics like toilet tissue paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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