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35. Automatic Tip Detection of Surgical Instruments in Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery

Author

Cho, Sue Min, Kim, Young-Gon, Jeong, Jinhoon, Lee, Ho-jin, and Kim, Namkug

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Some endoscopic surgeries require a surgeon to hold the endoscope with one hand and the surgical instruments with the other hand to perform the actual surgery with correct vision. Recent technical advances in deep learning as well as in robotics can introduce robotics to these endoscopic surgeries. This can have numerous advantages by freeing one hand of the surgeon, which will allow the surgeon to use both hands and to use more intricate and sophisticated techniques. Recently, deep learning with convolutional neural network achieves state-of-the-art results in computer vision. Therefore, the aim of this study is to automatically detect the tip of the instrument, localize a point, and evaluate detection accuracy in biportal endoscopic spine surgery. The localized point could be used for the controller's inputs of robotic endoscopy in these types of endoscopic surgeries., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables

Published
2019

39. A Small-Molecule Wnt Mimic Improves Human Limbal Stem Cell Ex Vivo Expansion.

Author

Zhang, Chi, Mei, Hua, Robertson, Sarah YT, Lee, Ho-Jin, Deng, Sophie X, and Zheng, Jie J

Subjects
Molecular Biology, Stem Cells Research, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human, Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.2 Cellular and gene therapies, Eye
Abstract

Ex vivo cultured limbal stem/progenitor cells is an effective alternative to other surgical treatments for limbal stem cell deficiency, but a standard xenobiotic-free method for culturing the LSCs in vitro needs to be optimized. Because Wnt ligands are required for LSC expansion and preservation in vitro, to create a small-molecule Wnt mimic, we created a consolidated compound by linking a Wnt inhibitor that binds to the Wnt co-receptor Frizzled to a peptide derived from the N-terminal Dickkopf-1 that binds to Lrp (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein) 5/6, another Wnt co-receptor. This Wnt mimic not only enhances cellular Wnt signaling activation, but also improves the progenitor cell phenotype of in vitro cultured limbal epithelial cells. As the maintenance of stem cell characteristics in the process of culture expansion is essential for the success of ocular surface reconstruction, the small molecules generated in this study may be helpful in the development of pharmaceutical reagents for treating corneal wounds.

Published
2020

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