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Medical school professors take on many roles, including teaching, research, service, and practice, and are expected to evolve through their work and activities both on and off campus. At the same time, they are expected to gradually develop essential competencies as educators through faculty development (FD). However, FD does not yet cover the entire spectrum of faculty roles and does not adequately address the diverse characteristics of medical school faculty. In light of the recent interest in FD in Korean medical schools and an increasing number of articles on FD, I here review the history of and recent articles about FD in Korea. I also suggest seven short- and long-term strategies to overcome the major challenges facing FD, with the aim of helping to revitalize and advance FD in Korean medical schools and FD institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in laser-based material development have enabled precise engineering of catalysts, thus promoting efficient and sustainable water-splitting reactions. This study presents a green approach for synthesizing a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based catalyst on nickel foam (NF) using pulse-laser irradiation in liquids and microwave processes. The enhanced catalytic efficiency of NiFe-based LDH compared to IrO2/NF is demonstrated by its low overpotential (η ∼ 292 mV), high current density, and enhanced charge transfer kinetics. Density functional theory calculations reveal the tailoring phenomenon of Fe on the material's electronic structure, significantly enhancing its performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Spin-polarized electrons contribute to spin-aligned oxygen generation via quantum spin–exchange interactions, accelerating the OER kinetics. Electrochemical and analytical techniques demonstrated that the surface of the NiFe LDH/Ni(OH)₂/NF transforms into high-valent Ni/FeOOH active species, optimizing the adsorption energy of *OH intermediates during OER. Furthermore, this study investigates the effective tuning of Fe incorporation on the structural, electronic, and catalytic properties of Ni(OH)2 and NiFe LDHs, demonstrating a change in the band gap (from 1.77 eV to 1.81 eV) and an increase in the intrinsic magnetic moment (from 8 μB to 20.3 μB). Additionally, catalytic assessments revealed superior OER performance, a reduction in η, and a 57% improvement in efficiency for NiFe LDH, consistent with experimental findings and confirming the enhanced catalytic effects of NiFe LDH/Ni(OH)2/NF in OER. These results highlight the promising potential of laser-mediated techniques in fabricating efficient and cost-effective OER catalysts for sustainable energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prognostic significance of nodal micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical impact, and clinicopathological characteristics of nodal micrometastasis and ITC in UBC. Materials and methods: A total of 124 patients with UBC undergoing surgery were investigated. Detection of micrometastasis and ITC was performed using pancytokeratin immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histopathologic and clinical findings were correlated with patients' outcome. Result: IHC detected nodal micrometastasis and ITC (pNmi group) in 12.9% (13/101) of originally node-negative patients and in 26.1% (6/23) of originally node-positive patients (pN+ group). The remaining 88 were truly node-negative patients (pN0 group). After IHC, all 13 patients in the pNmi group were upstaged from pN0 to pN1-2 and one patient in the pN+ group was changed from pN1 to pN2. Nodal micrometastasis and ITC were significantly associated with mixed urothelial carcinoma (UC) (p = 0.002), UC with discohesive pattern (p = 0.006), glandular differentiation (p = 0.043), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.009), and budding-like tumor cell clusters (p = 0.002). The pNmi group had significantly worse cancer-specific survival than the pN0 group in univariate (p = 0.004) and multivariate (p = 0.040) analysis. Conclusion: IHC frequently identified nodal micrometastasis and ITC in originally node-negative UBC patients on routine pathological examination. Nodal micrometastasis and ITC were independently associated with cancer-related mortality in UBC. IHC might be selectively used to detect micrometastasis and ITC in UBC having specific pathological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the usage patterns and impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for risperidone and paliperidone in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, utilizing retrospective real-world data sourced from a single center's Clinical Data Warehouse. Our study cohort comprised patients diagnosed with schizophrenia undergoing treatment with either risperidone or paliperidone. Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medication utilization, and clinical outcomes were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups: those undergoing TDM and those not undergoing TDM. Additionally, within the TDM group, patients were further stratified based on their risperidone and paliperidone concentrations relative to the reference range. The findings revealed that patients in the TDM group received higher risperidone and paliperidone doses (320 mg/day and 252 mg/day, p = 0.0045) compared to their non-TDM counterparts. Nevertheless, no significant disparities were observed in hospitalization rates, duration of hospital stays, or compliance between the two groups (p = 0.9082, 0.5861, 0.7516, respectively). Subgroup analysis within the TDM cohort exhibited no notable distinctions in clinical outcomes between patients with concentrations within or surpassing the reference range. Despite the possibility of a selection bias in assigning patients to the groups, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of TDM utilization and its ramifications on schizophrenia treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]