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Infection caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused major economic losses in the poultry industry and pose a serious threat to public health. The A/goose/ Guangdong/1/1996 (gs/GD) [...]

Introduction: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with the inflammatory response in various diseases. However, studies on the use of the PLR for the prognosis of elderly patients with severe trauma are lacking. In this study, we examined the relationship between the PLR and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with severe trauma.Methods: This retrospective observational study included elderly (≥65 years) patients who were admitted for severe trauma (as defined by an Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥ 16) between January–December 2022. We conducted multivariate analysis to assess the association between the PLR and in-hospital mortality using logistic regression of relevant covariates. We also performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to examine the prognostic performance of the PLR forin-hospital mortality.Results: Among the 222 patients included in the study, the in-hospital mortality rate was 19.4% (43). The PLR of non-survivors was lower than that of survivors (62.1 vs 124.5). The areas under the curve (AUC) of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤12, ISS, hemoglobin level, and PLR for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.730 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.667–0.787), 0.771 (95% CI 0.710–0.824), 0.657 (95% CI 0.591–0.719), and 0.730 (95% CI 0.667–0.788), respectively. The AUC of the PLR was not significantly different from that of GCS score ≤12 and ISS for predicting in-hospital mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that the PLR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 0.993; 95% CI 0.987–0.999).Conclusion: Low platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with severe trauma.

Since the first detection highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) in China in 1996, the Gs/Gd lineage of HPAI H5Nx virus has spread globally, infecting various species and [...]

Since SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in late 2019, infection has been observed primarily in humans; however, animals of various species have also been infected, partially because their angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [...]

This longitudinal study retrospectively explored the stigmatization experienced by 47 young adults in South Korea in early mid-20s who dropped out of middle or high school. Data were collected at two time points. Using thematic analysis, we categorized their experience of stigma into public and self-stigma, based on Corrigan and Kosyluk's (2014) social cognitive model of stigma. Each form of stigma is further subdivided into stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. We identified additional factors related to coping with the stigma. Based on the findings, the potential implications of characterizing the stigma experienced by middle and high school dropouts are discussed from a longitudinal perspective.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused substantial economic losses in the poultry industry and potentially threaten public health. Since its first identification in 1996, H5Nx HPAIVs, Gs/GD lineage, [...]

This study examines the connections between children's sleep, stress, depression, and internet use. Parents believe that sleep effectively reduces children's stress, while children instead insist that internet use is effective for reducing their stress. Based on that argument, this study has three purposes: to examine whether sleep or internet use is more effective at reducing children's stress, examine whether stress is related to depression, and examine whether sleep affects depression through children's stress as a mediating factor. To this end, this study gathered a sample of 1,796 children from 32 elementary schools--all fourth- to sixth-graders who volunteered to take the survey--and measured their stress level, depression level, sleep hours, and hours of internet use. The Daily Stress Scale of Korean Children, Korean Child Depression Scale, hours of sleep on average per day (sleep), and hours of using electronic devices per day (internet use) were used as the measurements. Regarding the statistical analysis methods used in this study, linear regression was used to examine the regression effect of both sleep and internet use on stress and the regression effect of stress on depression. Path analysis, one of the structural equation models, was also used to find direct, indirect, and mediating effects between variables. The study results show that (i) sleep, not internet usage, effectively relieves children's stress; (ii) stress is an important influence on depression; and (iii) sufficient sleep reduces stress, which reduces depression. It is recommended that future studies consider the quality of sleep and quantity of sleep for more valid data analysis and carry out follow-up research with wider age groups.

Virtue-Based Psychosocial Adaptation Model (V-PAM) is an emerging counseling framework that explains psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability in terms of five virtue factors. The virtue factors are Courage, Integrity, Practical Wisdom, Committed Action, and Emotional Transcendence. Despite growing attention to the model, the literature has focused upon empirical studies such as model validation and to a much lesser degree on the foundational elements of the theory. However, developing a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundation of the model is critical, providing a lens for understanding ethical counseling practice that is rich with potential for future exploration. The present paper aims to explicate the theoretical underpinnings of V-PAM, which will guide future practice. Future research and implications for clinical practice are also elaborated. Keywords: psychosocial adaptation, virtue, character, disability, rehabilitation counseling, Virtue was an important topic in the early history of behavioral science, but as empiricism, with its emphasis on objective, easily measured constructs gained popularity, the topic of virtue fell [...]

The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is an easy and brief instrument developed to assess individuals' perceptions of social support from three different sources (family, friend, and significant other). The MSPSS have been adapted to culturally diverse backgrounds, different age groups, and both clinical and nonclinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MSPSS on 968 Korean high school students (467 males and 501 females). Confirmatory factor analysis result confirmed the proposed three-factor model. Cronbach's a coefficients indicated very good internal consistency for the scale as a whole and for the three subscales. Social support had a negative correlation with depression as well as anxiety symptoms and a positive correlation with ego-resiliency as well as school adjustment, confirming the discriminant and convergent validity of the scale. Female adolescents reported significantly higher levels of perceived social support than male adolescents. In conclusion, the Korean version of the MSPSS is a reliable and valid measure of perceived social support for Korean adolescents.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused major economic losses in the poultry industry and are a major threat to public health. Since the first detection of HPAIV A(H5N1) [...]

Historically, people with disabilities are a marginalized cultural group in that their lived world is less well represented in mainstream services. The rehabilitation counseling profession has the goal to prioritize and empower people with disabilities for thriving in their personal and community lives. However, cultures exist within social systems often characterized by inequities, obliging a need to go beyond multicultural counseling to address social injustices that would occur to populations with historical disadvantages such as people with disabilities. The present study discusses the multicultural counseling movement and its impact in the field of rehabilitation counseling. The study first introduces the birth of multicultural counseling and how it has landed in the field of counseling. From a chronological perspective, authors then extended their discussion to address controversies and debates in the phase of the multicultural counseling movement that contributed to tailoring the concept of multicultural counseling. Authors further elaborated discussion on the future direction of multicultural counseling in the field of rehabilitation counseling by emphasizing the importance of individualized service needs one of the philosophical tenants of rehabilitation counseling, and how diversity and cultural differences can be further empowered within the commonality we have as human beings. Keywords: multicultural counseling, rehabilitation counseling, social justice counseling, disability attitude, advocacy, Multicultural counseling is defined as the integration of cultural identities within the counseling process. Cultural identity refers to the degree to which individuals identify as belonging to subgroups of various [...]

Balance in time perspectives has been gaining interest in South Korea since it is considered as a precondition for an individual's mental health and happiness. However, measuring the time perspective with the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) - which consists of 64 items, including a Future Negative dimension - creates difficulties in practical use due to its length. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a South Korean short version of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (KS-S-ZTPI) in a total sample of 725 adults in South Korea. The factor structure of this inventory was investigated, and the validity and reliability of the inventory were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was first performed along with a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to identify internal consistency. The results showed that the KS-S-ZTPI, containing 16 items, supported a four-factor model: 'Past Negative,' 'Past Positive,' 'Present Hedonistic,' and 'Future' time perspectives. Finally, the correlations with depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and self-esteem were examined to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that 'Past Negative' and 'Present Hedonistic' time perspectives were negatively associated with self-esteem but positively associated with depression and anxiety. On the other hand, 'Past Positive' and 'Future' time perspectives were positively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction, but negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Considering these results, implications and suggestions are discussed., Author(s): Hwa Jung Lee [sup.1] , Deok Hee Lee [sup.1] , Dong Hun Lee [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264381.a, 0000 0001 2181 989X, Traumatic Stress Center, Department of Education, Sungkyunkwan [...]

The purpose of the current study was to examine how perceived parental bonding indirectly affects bullying perpetration through adolescent psycho-emotional states. Using structural equation modeling, the authors tested a comprehensive model, wherein lack of parental caring was associated with increased adolescent anxiety and suppressed anger, which was associated with a greater risk of bullying perpetration. Data were collected from 669 middle school students (458 males, 211 females) in the southeastern region of South Korea. Participants completed the Korean versions of the Parental Bonding Inventory, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, as well as, the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. Results demonstrated that parental bonding was negatively associated with adolescent anxiety; adolescent anxiety was positively related to adolescent anger-in; and adolescent anger-in was positively associated with bullying perpetration. Neither adolescent anxiety nor anger-in directly linked the relationship between parental bonding and bullying perpetration. However, the results partially supported the hypothesized model in that maternal parental bonding indirectly influenced bullying perpetration through adolescent anxiety and subsequently through anger-in. Together, the present findings illuminate a potential underlying mechanism that adolescent psycho-emotional states bridge parental bonding and bullying behaviors. Interventions designed to build quality parent-child relationships and emotion regulation strategies may reduce bullying perpetration particularly among adolescents who developed poor bonds with their mothers.