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Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a dermal spindle-cell cutaneous malignancy, which is a relatively benign type of skin cancer that occurs in the elderly with sun-damaged skin. This is a case study of a rapidly enlarged left auricular mass lesion in an elderly patient who was diagnosed with AFX based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and then treated by complete excision to prevent recurrence or metastasis. There was no recurrence during the 1-year follow-up. For otolaryngologists or plastic surgeons, recognizing the clinical and pathologic characteristics of AFX is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and run of homozygosity (ROH) analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were powerful tools for uncovering genetic factors associated with reproductive performance efficiency in various livestock breeds. The effectiveness of these studies may differ based on breed-specific characteristics, population genetics, and targeted production traits. In the present study, comparative analyses of the genetic profiles of pigs that exhibit diverse reproductive performance were conducted. This empowered us to identify genomic regions associated with the number of piglets born alive (NBA) and the total number of piglets born (TNB). The present finding greatly enhance its contributions to revisit breeding strategies in pigs by identifying significant genetic markers associated with reproductive performance traits. Background: Reproductive performance is critical in the pig industry, and improved sow performance could lead to increased economic benefits. GWAS and ROH analyses based on SNP array data were conducted to identify the breed-specific genetic architecture underlying the variation in NBA and TNB. Methods: A total of 7488 breeding pigs with phenotypic data from 1586 Duroc, 2256 Landrace, and 3646 Yorkshire breeds, along with 76,756 SNP markers from Korean grand-grand-parent (GGP) breeding farms, were used. Results: In the Duroc breeds, SNPs on SSC 9 and 17 were found to be associated with the SIDT2 and TGM2 genes, respectively. In the Landrace breed, PPP1R9A, LMTK2, and GTF2H3 on SSCs 9, 3, and 14, respectively, were associated with both TNB and NBA. With the Yorkshire breed genome, GRID1, DLGAP2, ZZEF1, PARG, RNF17, and NDUFAF5 in SSCs 14, 15, 12, 14, 11, and 17, respectively, were associated with NBA and TNB traits. These genes have distinct functions, ranging from synaptic transmission and cytoskeletal organization to DNA repair and cellular energy production. In the Duroc breed, six genes identified in the ROH islands were associated with various biological pathways, molecular functions, and cellular components. NT5DC1 was associated with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, CRTAC1 with ion binding, CFAP43 with spermatogenic failure, CASC3 with intracellular mRNA localization, ERC2 with cellular component organization, and FOCAD with Focadhesin. In the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds, PDE6D was associated with GTPase inhibitor activity. Conclusions: Through GWAS and ROH analyses, we identified breed-specific SNP markers associated with NBA and TNB in three breed genotypes, providing insights for improving reproductive performance efficiency and contributing to future breeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Inbreeding increases homozygosity, often leading to the co-expression of recessive deleterious alleles and a reduction in genetic diversity. Traditional methods involve pedigree-based analysis, but high-density arrays have enabled precise estimations using genomic markers. A study comparing genomic inbreeding coefficients from DNA marker data with conventional coefficients from pedigree information in Korean commercial pig breeds reveals differences in inbreeding levels and trends among breeds. The finding highlights differences in inbreeding levels and trends among breeds, emphasizing the importance of using both genomic and conventional methods for a comprehensive understanding of inbreeding, which is crucial for effective breeding programs and maintaining genetic diversity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the homozygosity distribution and compute genomic and conventional inbreeding coefficients in three genetically diverse pig breed populations. The genomic and pedigree data of Duroc (1586), Landrace (2256), and Yorkshire (3646) were analyzed. We estimated and compared various genomic and pedigree inbreeding coefficients using different models and approaches. A total of 709,384 ROH segments in Duroc, 816,898 in Landrace, and 1,401,781 in Yorkshire, with average lengths of 53.59 Mb, 56.21 Mb, and 53.46 Mb, respectively, were identified. Relatively, the Yorkshire breed had the shortest ROH segments, whereas the Landrace breed had the longest mean ROH segments. Sus scrofa chromosome 1 (SSC1) had the highest chromosomal coverage by ROH across all breeds. Across breeds, an absolute correlation (1.0) was seen between FROH total and FROH1–2Mb, showing that short ROH were the primary contributors to overall FROH values. The overall association between genomic and conventional inbreeding was weak, with values ranging from 0.058 to 0.140. In contrast, total genomic inbreeding (FROH) and ROH classes showed a strong association, ranging from 0.663 to 1.00, across the genotypes. The results of genomic and conventional inbreeding estimates improve our understanding of the genetic diversity among genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate carcass trait characteristics, proportions, and their correlation with the preslaughter body weight of indigenous chickens in Southeastern Ethiopia. Data from 42 healthy male chickens were collected and analyzed using SAS 2012 ver. 9.4, R software ver.4.3.1, and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results indicated significant fixed effect of districts on dressed carcass weight, drumsticks, thighs, wings, and gizzard between Goba and Agarfa chickens (p < 0.05). The fixed effect of age and the district–age interaction effect were not significant. Principal component analysis revealed that PC1, accounting for 96.8% of the total variation between Goba and Agarfa chickens, was contributed by preslaughter and dressed carcass weight. Among the carcass components, the key contributors to differentiation between the Goba and Agarfa indigenous chicken carcass yields were the drumstick, thigh, breast (with/without keel bone), and back with thoracic weight (VIP > 1); there was a higher yield in Goba chickens. Preslaughter weight exhibited stronger correlations with most other traits, while dressing percentages displayed a negative correlation with various carcass components and edible giblet yields across the study districts. This study provides useful insights into carcass component characteristics and yields of indigenous Ethiopian chickens, which can increase our understanding of carcass components and their relationships with other qualities for improvement and further studies on poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]