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Purpose: The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) at the wrist facilitates pronation and supination, and both bone structure and soft tissues contribute to its stability. This study analyzed the characteristics of patients with traumatic posterior DRUJ injuries and examined the clinical outcomes of open or arthroscopic treatment methods for these patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 14 patients with traumatic posterior DRUJ instability, excluding those with associated radius fractures. The study evaluated patient demographics, injury mechanisms, radiologic findings (DRUJ relationship in the coronal plane, sigmoid notch in the axial plane, the presence and location of an accompanying distal ulnar fracture, and ulnar variance in the opposite wrist), and clinical outcomes (visual analog scale, Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [DASH] score, and range of motion [ROM]). Patients were treated with either open repair or arthroscopic methods, and postoperative results were monitored over an average of 8.8 months. Results: Ten patients had ulnar styloid fractures, with most occurring at the base or more proximally. The sigmoid notch was classified as the flat-face type in nine cases (64.3%) and the ski-slope type in five cases (35.7%). The clinical outcomes were favorable, with no significant differences between the open and arthroscopic groups regarding pain levels, DASH scores, and ROM. Conclusion: Both treatment methods can achieve favorable clinical outcomes in managing traumatic posterior DRUJ instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Many risk factors for postoperative C5 palsy (PC5P) have been reported regarding a "cord shift" after a posterior approach. However, there are few reports about shoulder traction as a possible risk factor of anterior cervical surgery. Therefore, we assessed the stretched nerve roots when shoulder traction was applied on cadavers. Materials and Methods: Eight cadavers were employed in this study, available based on age and the presence of foramen stenosis. After dissecting the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the cadaver, the shoulder joint was pulled with a force of 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, and 20 kg. Then, the stretched length of the fifth nerve root was measured in the extra-foraminal zone. In addition, the same measurement was performed after cutting the carotid artery to accurately identify the nerve root's origin. After an additional dissection was performed so that the superior trunk of the brachial plexus could be seen, the stretched length of the fifth and sixth nerve roots was measured again. Results: Throughout the entire experiment, the fifth nerve root stretched out for an average of 1.94 mm at 8 kg and an average of 5.03 mm at a maximum force of 20 kg. In three experiments, the elongated lengths of the C5 nerve root at 8 kg and 20 kg were 1.69/4.38 mm, 2.13/5.00 mm, and 0.75/5.31 mm, respectively, and in the third experiment, the elongated length of the C6 nerve root was 1.88/5.44 mm. Conclusions: Although this was a cadaveric experiment, it suggests that shoulder traction could be the risk factors for PC5P after anterior cervical surgery. In addition, for patients with foraminal stenosis and central stenosis, the risk would be higher. Therefore, the surgeon should be aware of this, and the patient would need sufficient explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As increased agricultural insecticide uses and trends in insecticide resistance, increased labor cost to apply insecticide and limited its application to fertility season in green house. There is a need of a safe, labor-saving and confined space application concept to manage control tiny-scale insect pest such as thrips and whitefly. Fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), which is considered as effective to various insect pest and safely use in quarantine treatment, was evaluated in the confined space (glass house) and semi-confined space (vinyl house). The new application technology for application of liquid EF could be the one of the key options for control of tiny flying insects in greenhouses that would save labor and operation costs. It could be connected to smartfarm technologies in the near future.

There have been significantly increased reports of finding invasive quarantine pests with increasing import plants into Korea. Moreover, the efficacy and work safety issues have been reported regarding use of methyl bromide (MeBr) for fumigation of imported nursery plants. For replacement of MeBr use on imported plants, a new technology of using liquid ethyl formate has been registered in South Korea as FumateTM. The technology involved to mix ethyl format with nitrogen gas to form non-flamable ethyl format formulation. It has been evaluated on various imported plants. The FumateTM is recently developed and commercialized in Republic of Korea and Australia for quarantine treatments on fresh fruits, grains etc. Fumigation with FumateTM offers environmental-friendly and practically safe use of liquid ethyl formate. We have extended the use of liquid EF application technology to quarantine treatment of imported nursery plants.