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1. Variable selection in sparse multivariate GLARMA models: Application to germination control by environment

Author

Gomtsyan, M., Lévy-Leduc, C., Ouadah, S., Sansonnet, L., Bailly, C., and Rajjou, L.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

We propose a novel and efficient iterative two-stage variable selection approach for multivariate sparse GLARMA models, which can be used for modelling multivariate discrete-valued time series. Our approach consists in iteratively combining two steps: the estimation of the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) coefficients of multivariate GLARMA models and the variable selection in the coefficients of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) part of the model performed by regularized methods. We explain how to implement our approach efficiently. Then we assess the performance of our methodology using synthetic data and compare it with alternative methods. Finally, we illustrate it on RNA-Seq data resulting from polyribosome profiling to determine translational status for all mRNAs in germinating seeds. Our approach, which is implemented in the MultiGlarmaVarSel R package and available on the CRAN, is very attractive since it benefits from a low computational load and is able to outperform the other methods for recovering the null and non-null coefficients.

Published
2022

2. Variable selection in sparse GLARMA models

Author

Gomtsyan, M., Lévy-Leduc, C., Ouadah, S., and Sansonnet, L.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient two-stage variable selection approach for sparse GLARMA models, which are pervasive for modeling discrete-valued time series. Our approach consists in iteratively combining the estimation of the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) coefficients of GLARMA models with regularized methods designed for performing variable selection in regression coefficients of Generalized Linear Models (GLM). We first establish the consistency of the ARMA part coefficient estimators in a specific case. Then, we explain how to efficiently implement our approach. Finally, we assess the performance of our methodology using synthetic data and compare it with alternative methods. Our approach is very attractive since it benefits from a low computational load and is able to outperform the other methods in terms of coefficient estimation, particularly in recovering the non null regression coefficients., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.07085

Published
2020

3. A novel regularized approach for functional data clustering: An application to milking kinetics in dairy goats

Author

Denis, C., Lebarbier, E., Lévy-Leduc, C., Martin, O., and Sansonnet, L.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Motivated by an application to the clustering of milking kinetics of dairy goats, we propose in this paper a novel approach for functional data clustering. This issue is of growing interest in precision livestock farming that has been largely based on the development of data acquisition automation and on the development of interpretative tools to capitalize on high-throughput raw data and to generate benchmarks for phenotypic traits. The method that we propose in this paper falls in this context. Our methodology relies on a piecewise linear estimation of curves based on a novel regularized change-point estimation method and on the k-means algorithm applied to a vector of coefficients summarizing the curves. The statistical performance of our method is assessed through numerical experiments and is thoroughly compared with existing ones. Our technique is finally applied to milk emission kinetics data with the aim of a better characterization of inter-animal variability and toward a better understanding of the lactation process.

Published
2019

4. Subgingival Microbiota and Longitudinal Glucose Change: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS)

Author

Demmer, RT, Trinh, P, Rosenbaum, M, Li, G, LeDuc, C, Leibel, R, González, A, Knight, R, Paster, B, Colombo, PC, Desvarieux, M, Papapanou, PN, and Jacobs, DR

Subjects
Diabetes, Clinical Research, Prevention, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Gingiva, Glucose, Glucose Intolerance, Humans, Infections, Insulin Resistance, Male, Microbiota, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Young Adult, microbiome, diabetes risk, periodontal, epidemiology, impaired glucose regulation, periodontitis, Dentistry
Abstract

Microbial communities along mucosal surfaces throughout the digestive tract are hypothesized as risk factors for impaired glucose regulation and the development of clinical cardiometabolic disease. We investigated whether baseline measures of subgingival microbiota predicted fasting plasma glucose (FPG) longitudinally. The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS) enrolled 230 diabetes-free adults (77% female) aged 20 to 55 y (mean ± SD, 34 ± 10 y) from whom baseline subgingival plaque and longitudinal FPG were measured. DNA was extracted from subgingival plaque, and V3 to V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. FPG was measured at baseline and again at 2 y; glucose change was defined as follow-up minus baseline. Multivariable linear models regressed 2-y glucose change onto baseline measures of community diversity and abundances of 369 individual taxa. A microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) summarizing top individual taxa associated with glucose change was calculated and used in regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index, and baseline glucose levels. Statistical significance was based on the false discovery rate (FDR;

Published
2019

8. A multivariate variable selection approach for analyzing LC-MS metabolomics data

Author

Perrot-Dockès, M., Lévy-Leduc, C., Chiquet, J., Sansonnet, L., Brégère, M., Étienne, M. -P., Robin, S., and Genta-Jouve, G.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Omic data are characterized by the presence of strong dependence structures that result either from data acquisition or from some underlying biological processes. In metabolomics, for instance, data resulting from Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) -- a technique which gives access to a large coverage of metabolites -- exhibit such patterns. These data sets are typically used to find the metabolites characterizing a phenotype of interest associated with the samples. However, applying some statistical procedures that do not adjust the variable selection step to the dependence pattern may result in a loss of power and the selection of spurious variables. The goal of this paper is to propose a variable selection procedure in the multivariate linear model that accounts for the dependence structure of the multiple outputs which may lead in the LC-MS framework to the selection of more relevant metabolites. We propose a novel Lasso-based approach in the multivariate framework of the general linear model taking into account the dependence structure by using various modelings of the covariance matrix of the residuals. Our numerical experiments show that including the estimation of the covariance matrix of the residuals in the Lasso criterion dramatically improves the variable selection performance. Our approach is also successfully applied to a LC-MS data set made of African copals samples for which it is able to provide a small list of metabolites without altering the phenotype discrimination. Our methodology is implemented in the R package MultiVarSel which is available from the CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network).

Published
2017

10. The Interplay of Age and Sickness Absence: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

Author

Frost, F, Teoh, K, St-Hilaire, F, Denman, A, Leduc, C, Muñoz, M, Negrini, A, Margheritti, S, Vila Masse, S, Corthésy-Blondin, L, Alessia Negrini, Simona Margheritti, Samantha Vila Masse, Laurent Corthésy-Blondin, Frost, F, Teoh, K, St-Hilaire, F, Denman, A, Leduc, C, Muñoz, M, Negrini, A, Margheritti, S, Vila Masse, S, Corthésy-Blondin, L, Alessia Negrini, Simona Margheritti, Samantha Vila Masse, and Laurent Corthésy-Blondin

Abstract

Background: The likelihood of being absent from work due to a health disorder may increase in the presence of work-related psychosocial risk factors, such as high job demands, and decrease with protective factors like organizational justice. Additionally, personal characteristics, including age, can influence workers’ risk exposure and overall health. Due to the physiological aging of individuals, the aging workforce is expected to be more susceptible to work disability and, consequently, more prone to sickness absence (SA). However, there’s a lack of consensus on measuring age in SA studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand better the relationship between age and SA when workers are exposed to work- related psychosocial factors. Method: This contribution is part of a larger study on SA prevention. Initially, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA Checklist to identify longitudinal studies exploring the causal relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and SA. Three online databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched, and publications from 2012 to 2023 were included. Subsequently, a deeper analysis was undertaken to investigate how age was measured and utilized in the predictive models. Results: The systematic literature review included 31 longitudinal studies. Age in years was exclusively treated as a continuous variable in 23 studies, with the mean and standard deviation values reported in all of them. In four studies, age was solely a categorical variable, with varying age groups identified across articles. Two studies used age both continuously and categorically, depending on the statistical analyses conducted. Age information was absent in two other studies, and 11 studies did not report the age range. In the predictive models, age was mainly a covariate (n=23) with other non-work-related factors (e.g., sex) or an independent variable assessing its direct effect on SA (n=5). Three

Published
2024

11. Measuring Work-Related Psychosocial Factors Predicting Sickness Absence of Health Care Workers

Author

Frost, F, Teoh, K, St-Hilaire, F, Denman, A, Leduc, C, Muñoz, M, Corthésy-Blondin, L, Margheritti, S, Vila Masse, S, Gragnano, A, Negrini, A, Frost, F, Teoh, K, St-Hilaire, F, Denman, A, Leduc, C, Muñoz, M, Corthésy-Blondin, L, Margheritti, S, Vila Masse, S, Gragnano, A, and Negrini, A

Abstract

Background: Work-related psychosocial factors (WRPFs), both risk and protective, play a relevant role in the development of health problems causing sickness absence (SA). The high rates of SA in health care workers (HCWs) lead to consequences on individuals, organizations, and society. While some regions legislated the duty of employers to consider WRPFs in their prevention plans, there is no consensus on which validated tools should be used to measure these factors. This systematic literature review has two objectives: 1) to list extant validated tools used to measure WRPFs predicting HCWs’ SA, and 2) to evaluate their quality based on their psychometric and practical properties. Method: This contribution is part of a larger PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review aimed at identifying the WRPFs that predict SA. Using the PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science online databases, the search first targeted prospective studies on WRPFs and SA published between 2012 and 2023. Then, the validated, self-report tools that yielded significant predictors (i.e., WRPFs) of SA in HCWs were identified. Next, an assessment of the properties, both psychometric (i.e., content validity, factorial validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, stability, and predictive validity of SA in HCWs) and practical (i.e., administration duration, ease of use, ease of interpretation, and availability in French or English), was performed following a rigorous method (Larivière et al., 2021; Gragnano et al., 2021; Villotti et al., 2021). The information reported in the included prospective studies and the validation studies of the tools was used to make the assessments. For each tool, the psychometric and practical properties were crossed, and an overall “excellent”, “good”, or “questionable” quality assessment was applied. Results: The search queries yielded 1087 records, 774 after duplicates, and 47 papers were fully read for eligibility. Based on inclusion criteria, 31 were included

Published
2024

12. Estimating the number of change-points in a two-dimensional segmentation model without penalization

Author

Brault, V., Delattre, M., Lebarbier, E., Mary-Huard, T., and Lévy-Leduc, C.

Subjects
Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

In computational biology, numerous recent studies have been dedicated to the analysis of the chromatin structure within the cell by two-dimensional segmentation methods. Motivated by this application, we consider the problem of retrieving the diagonal blocks in a matrix of observations. The theoretical properties of the least-squares estimators of both the boundaries and the number of blocks proposed by L\'evy-Leduc et al. [2014] are investigated. More precisely, the contribution of the paper is to establish the consistency of these estimators. A surprising consequence of our results is that, contrary to the onedimensional case, a penalty is not needed for retrieving the true number of diagonal blocks. Finally, the results are illustrated on synthetic data., Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures

Published
2015

15. Modeling and forecasting daily average PM$_{10}$ concentrations by a seasonal ARFIMA model with volatility

Author

Reisen, V. A., Sarnaglia, A. J. Q, Reis Jr, N. C., Lévy-Leduc, C., and Santos, J. M.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

This paper considers the possibility that the daily average Particulate Matter (PM$_{10}$) concentration is a seasonal fractionally integrated process with time-dependent variance (volatility). In this context, one convenient extension is to consider the SARFIMA model (Reisen, et al, 2006a,b) with GARCH type innovations. The model is theoretically justified and its usefulness is corroborated with the application to PM$_{10}$ concentration in the city of Cariacica-ES (Brazil). The model adjusted was able to capture the dynamics in the series. The out-of-sample forecast intervals were improved by considering heteroscedastic errors and they were able to identify the periods of more volatility.

Published
2012

16. Micrometer-thick, atomically random Si0.06Ge0.90Sn0.04 for silicon-integrated infrared optoelectronics.

Author

Assali, S., Attiaoui, A., Koelling, S., Atalla, M. R. M., Kumar, A., Nicolas, J., Chowdhury, F. A., Lemieux-Leduc, C., and Moutanabbir, O.

Subjects
OPTOELECTRONICS, ACTION spectrum, STRAIN energy, SILICON alloys, OPERATING rooms, INFRARED detectors, OPTOELECTRONIC devices, PHOTONICS
Abstract

A true monolithic infrared photonics platform is within reach if strain and bandgap energy can be independently engineered in SiGeSn semiconductors. Herein, we investigate the structural and optoelectronic properties of a 1.5 μm-thick Si0.06Ge0.90Sn0.04 layer that is nearly lattice-matched to a Ge on Si substrate. Atomic-level studies demonstrate high crystalline quality and uniform composition and show no sign of short-range ordering and clusters. Room-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission measurements show direct bandgap absorption at 0.83 eV and a reduced indirect bandgap absorption at lower energies. Si0.06Ge0.90Sn0.04 photoconductive devices operating at room temperature exhibit dark current and spectral responsivity (1 A/W below 1.5 μm wavelengths) similar to Ge on Si devices, with the advantage of a near-infrared bandgap tunable by alloy composition. These results underline the relevance of SiGeSn semiconductors in implementing a group IV material platform for silicon-integrated infrared optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Transverse Velocity Scaling in Au+Au Fragmentation

Author

Lukasik, J., Hudan, S., Lavaud, F., Turzo, K., Auger, G., Bacri, Ch. O., Begemann-Blaich, M. L., Bellaize, N., Bittiger, R., Bocage, F., Borderie, B., Buchet, P., Bougault, R., Bouriquet, B., Charvet, J. L., Chbihi, A., Dayras, R., Durand, D., Dore, D., Frankland, J. D., Galichet, E., Gourio, D., Guinet, D., Hurst, B., Leduc, C., Lautesse, P., Laville, J. L., Fevre, A. Le, Legrain, R., Lynen, U., Mueller, W. F. J., Lopez, O., Nalpas, L., Orth, H., Plagnol, E., Rosato, E., Saija, A., Tabacaru, G., Sfienti, C., Schwarz, C., Steckmeyer, J. C., Tamain, B., Trautmann, W., Vient, E., Trzcinski, A., Vigilante, M., Volant, C., Zwieglinski, B., and Botvina, A. S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Invariant transverse-velocity spectra of intermediate-mass fragments were measured with the 4-pi multi-detector system INDRA for collisions of Au on Au at incident energies between 40 and 150 MeV per nucleon. Their scaling properties as a function of incident energy and atomic number Z are used to distinguish and characterize the emissions in (i) peripheral collisions at the projectile and target rapidities, and in (ii) central and (iii) peripheral collisions near mid-rapidity. The importance of dynamical effects is evident in all three cases and their origin is discussed., Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, RevTeX4, submitted to Phys. Rev

Published
2002
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21. Effect of the intermediate velocity emissions on the quasi-projectile properties for the Ar+Ni system at 95 A.MeV

Author

Dore, D., Buchet, Ph., Charvet, J. L., Dayras, R., Nalpas, L., Cussol, D., Lefort, T., Legrain, R., Volant, C., Auger, G., Bacri, Ch. O., Bellaize, N., Bocage, F., Bougault, R., Bouriquet, B., Brou, R., Chbihi, A., Colin, J., Demeyer, A., Durand, D., Frankland, J. D., Galichet, E., Genouin-Duhamel, E., Gerlic, E., Guinet, D., Hudan, S., Lautesse, P., Lavaud, F., Laville, J. L., Lecolley, J. F., Leduc, C., Neindre, N. Le, Lopez, O., Louvel, M., Maskay, A. M., Normand, J., Parlog, M., Pawlowski, P., Plagnol, E., Rivet, M. F., Rosato, E., Saint-Laurent, F., Steckmeyer, J. C., Stern, M., Tabacaru, G., Tamain, B., Tassan-Got, L., Tirel, O., Vient, E., and Wieleczko, J. P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The quasi-projectile (QP) properties are investigated in the Ar+Ni collisions at 95 A.MeV taking into account the intermediate velocity emission. Indeed, in this reaction, between 52 and 95 A.MeV bombarding energies, the number of particles emitted in the intermediate velocity region is related to the overlap volume between projectile and target. Mean transverse energies of these particles are found particularly high. In this context, the mass of the QP decreases linearly with the impact parameter from peripheral to central collisions whereas its excitation energy increases up to 8 A.MeV. These results are compared to previous analyses assuming a pure binary scenario.

Published
2000
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23. Clinical and molecular characteristics of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutation: results of the nationwide French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT) program

Author

Leduc, C., Merlio, J.P., Besse, B., Blons, H., Debieuvre, D., Bringuier, P.P., Monnet, I., Rouquette, I., Fraboulet-Moreau, S., Lemoine, A., Pouessel, D., Mosser, J., Vaylet, F., Langlais, A., Missy, P., Morin, F., Moro-Sibilot, D., Cadranel, J., Barlesi, F., and Beau-Faller, M.

Published
2017
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25. Behavioral context of call production by eastern North Pacific blue whales

Author

Oleson, Erin M, Calambokidis, J, Burgess, W C, McDonald, M A, LeDuc, C A, and Hildebrand, J A

Subjects
blue whale, acoustics, suction-cup tag, sex bias, calls, foraging
Abstract

We assessed the behavioral context of calls produced by blue whales Balaenoptera musculus off the California coast based on acoustic, behavioral, and dive data obtained through acoustic recording tags, sex determination from tissue sampling, and coordinated visual and acoustic observations. Approximately one-third of 38 monitored blue whales vocalized, with sounds categorized into 3 types: (1) low-frequency pulsed A and tonal B calls, in either rhythmic repetitive song sequences or as intermittent, singular calls; (2) downswept D calls; and (3) highly variable amplitude-or frequency-modulated calls. Clear patterns of behavior, sex, and group size are evident for some call types. Only males were documented producing AB calls, with song produced by lone, traveling blue whales, and singular AB calls were more typically produced by whales in pairs; D calls were heard from both sexes during foraging, commonly from individuals within groups. The sex bias evident in AB callers suggests that these calls probably play a role in reproduction, even though the calls are produced year-round. All calls are produced at shallow depth, and calling whales spend more time at shallow depths than non-calling whales, suggesting that a cost may be incurred during D calling, as less time is spent feeding at deeper depths. This relationship between calling and depth may predict the traveling behavior of singing blue whales, as traveling whales do not typically dive to deep depths and therefore would experience little extra energetic cost related to the production of long repetitive song bouts while moving between foraging areas.

Published
2007

26. Supporting employees with mental illness and reducing mental illness-related stigma in the workplace: an expert survey.

Author

Hogg, B, Moreno-Alcázar, A, Tóth, MD, Serbanescu, I, Aust, B, Leduc, C, Paterson, C, Tsantilla, F, Abdulla, K, Cerga-Pashoja, A, Cresswell-Smith, J, Fanaj, N, Meksi, A, Ni Dhalaigh, D, Reich, H, Ross, V, Sanches, S, Thomson, K, Van Audenhove, C, Pérez, V, Arensman, E, Purebl, G, Amann, BL, MENTUPP consortium members, Hogg, B, Moreno-Alcázar, A, Tóth, MD, Serbanescu, I, Aust, B, Leduc, C, Paterson, C, Tsantilla, F, Abdulla, K, Cerga-Pashoja, A, Cresswell-Smith, J, Fanaj, N, Meksi, A, Ni Dhalaigh, D, Reich, H, Ross, V, Sanches, S, Thomson, K, Van Audenhove, C, Pérez, V, Arensman, E, Purebl, G, Amann, BL, and MENTUPP consortium members

Abstract

An expert survey was designed to support the development of a workplace-based multi-country intervention tackling depression, anxiety, and mental illness-related stigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Academic experts and representatives of SME organisations, specific sector organisations, labour or advocacy groups, and occupational health organisations, were contacted across eight European countries and Australia. The survey comprised closed and open text questions to assess expert opinion about interventions for employees with mental health difficulties, interventions supporting their managers, and anti-stigma interventions. The survey was available in six languages. The online platform Qualtrics was used for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. Sixty-five of 146 experts responded, representing a 42% response rate. Results showed only 26.2% of experts agreed that employees could speak openly about mental health issues, and 81.5% of experts indicated a large or medium unmet need for support for employees with mental health issues. Psychoeducational materials, face-to-face workshops and interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy were ranked most likely to be taken up by employees. Experts rated as most useful for managers' guidelines on how to act if an employee has mental health issues (67.7%). The greatest number of experts indicated workshops of people with lived experience of mental illness (80.0%) and awareness campaigns (78.5%) were most required to tackle stigma. Responses were consistent between experts from different countries and areas of expertise. Experts in this multinational survey assessed that interventions supporting mental health in the workplace and tackling stigma are greatly needed. A multicomponent intervention with a wide range of materials and tools is supported.

Published
2023

27. Developing a framework for evaluation: A theory of change for complex workplace mental health interventions

Author

Tsantila, F., Coppens, E., de Witte, H., Abdulla, K., Amann, B., Arensman, E., Aust, B., Cresswell-Smith, J., D'Alessandro, L., de Winter, L., Doukani, A., Fanaj, N., Greiner, B., Griffin, E., Leduc, C., Maxwell, M., O'Connor, C., Paterson, C., Purebl, G., Reich, H., Ross, V., van Weeghel, J., van Audenhove, C., Tsantila, F., Coppens, E., de Witte, H., Abdulla, K., Amann, B., Arensman, E., Aust, B., Cresswell-Smith, J., D'Alessandro, L., de Winter, L., Doukani, A., Fanaj, N., Greiner, B., Griffin, E., Leduc, C., Maxwell, M., O'Connor, C., Paterson, C., Purebl, G., Reich, H., Ross, V., van Weeghel, J., and van Audenhove, C.

Abstract

Background There is a gap between the necessity of effective mental health interventions in the workplace and the availability of evidence-based information on how to evaluate them. The available evidence outlines that mental health interventions should follow integrated approaches combining multiple components related to different levels of change. However, there is a lack of robust studies on how to evaluate multicomponent workplace interventions which target a variety of outcomes at different levels taking into account the influence of different implementation contexts. Method We use the MENTUPP project as a research context to develop a theory-driven approach to facilitate the evaluation of complex mental health interventions in occupational settings and to provide a comprehensive rationale of how these types of interventions are expected to achieve change. We used a participatory approach to develop a ToC involving a large number of the project team representing multiple academic backgrounds exploiting in tandem the knowledge from six systematic reviews and results from a survey among practitioners and academic experts in the field of mental health in SMEs. Results The ToC revealed four long-term outcomes that we assume MENTUPP can achieve in the workplace: 1) improved mental wellbeing and reduced burnout, 2) reduced mental illness, 3) reduced mental illness-related stigma, and 4) reduced productivity losses. They are assumed to be reached through six proximate and four intermediate outcomes according to a specific chronological order. The intervention consists of 23 components that were chosen based on specific rationales to achieve change on four levels (employee, team, leader, and organization). Conclusions The ToC map provides a theory of how MENTUPP is expected to achieve its anticipated long-term outcomes through intermediate and proximate outcomes assessing alongside contextual factors which will facilitate the

Published
2023

28. Outcome assessment of a complex mental health intervention in the workplace. Results from the MENTUPP pilot study

Author

Tsantila, F., Coppens, E., de Witte, H., Arensman, E., Amann, B., Cerga-Pashoja, A., Corcoran, P., Cresswell-Smith, J., Cully, G., Ditta Toth, M., Greiner, B., Griffin, E., Hegerl, U., Holland, C., Leduc, C., Leduc, M., Ni Dhalaigh, D., O'Brien, C., Paterson, C., Purebl, G., Reich, H., Ross, V., Rugulies, R., Sanches, S., Thompson, K., van Audenhove, C., MENTUPP Consortium Members, van Weeghel, J., Tsantila, F., Coppens, E., de Witte, H., Arensman, E., Amann, B., Cerga-Pashoja, A., Corcoran, P., Cresswell-Smith, J., Cully, G., Ditta Toth, M., Greiner, B., Griffin, E., Hegerl, U., Holland, C., Leduc, C., Leduc, M., Ni Dhalaigh, D., O'Brien, C., Paterson, C., Purebl, G., Reich, H., Ross, V., Rugulies, R., Sanches, S., Thompson, K., van Audenhove, C., MENTUPP Consortium Members, and van Weeghel, J.

Abstract

Objective Multicomponent interventions are recommendable to achieve the greatest mental health benefits, but are difficult to evaluate due to their complexity. Defining long-term outcomes, arising from a Theory of Change (ToC) and testing them in a pilot phase, is a useful approach to plan a comprehensive and meaningful evaluation later on. This article reports on the pilot results of an outcome evaluation of a complex mental health intervention and examines whether appropriate evaluation measures and indicators have been selected ahead of a clustered randomised control trial (cRCT). Methods The MENTUPP pilot is an evidence-based intervention for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) active in three work sectors and nine countries. Based on our ToC, we selected the MENTUPP long-term outcomes, which are reported in this article, are measured with seven validated scales assessing mental wellbeing, burnout, depression, anxiety, stigma towards depression and anxiety, absenteeism and presenteeism. The pilot MENTUPP intervention assessment took place at baseline and at 6 months follow-up. Results In total, 25 SMEs were recruited in the MENTUPP pilot and 346 participants completed the validated scales at baseline and 96 at follow-up. Three long-term outcomes significantly improved at follow-up (p < 0.05): mental wellbeing, symptoms of anxiety, and personal stigmatising attitudes towards depression and anxiety. Conclusions The results of this outcome evaluation suggest that MENTUPP has the potential to strengthen employees’ wellbeing and decrease anxiety symptoms and stigmatising attitudes. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of conducting pilot workplace interventions to assess whether appropriate measures and indicators have been selected. Based on the results, the intervention and the evaluation strategy have been optimised.

Published
2023

42. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

Author

Bergström, A., Stanton, D. W. G., Taron, U. H., Frantz, L., Sinding, M. -H. S., Ersmark, E., Pfrengle, S., Cassatt-Johnstone, M., Lebrasseur, O., Girdland-Flink, L., Fernandes, D. M., Ollivier, M., Speidel, L., Gopalakrishnan, S., Westbury, M. V., Ramos-Madrigal, J., Feuerborn, T. R., Reiter, E., Gretzinger, J., Münzel, S. C., Swali, P., Conard, N. J., Carøe, C., Haile, J., Linderholm, A., Androsov, S., Barnes, I., Baumann, C., Benecke, N., Bocherens, H., Brace, S., Carden, R. F., Drucker, D. G., Fedorov, S., Gasparik, M., Germonpré, M., Grigoriev, S., Groves, P., Hertwig, S. T., Ivanova, V. V., Janssens, L., Jennings, R. P., Kasparov, A. K., Kirillova, I. V., Kurmaniyazov, I., Kuzmin, Y. V., Kosintsev, P. A., Lázničková-Galetová, M., Leduc, C., Nikolskiy, P., Nussbaumer, M., O’Drisceoil, C., Orlando, L., Outram, A., Pavlova, E. Y., Perri, A. R., Pilot, M., Pitulko, V. V., Plotnikov, V. V., Protopopov, A. V., Rehazek, A., Sablin, M., Seguin-Orlando, A., Storå, J., Verjux, C., Zaibert, V. F., Zazula, G., Crombé, P., Hansen, A. J., Willerslev, E., Leonard, J. A., Götherström, A., Pinhasi, R., Schuenemann, V. J., Hofreiter, M., Gilbert, M. T. P., Shapiro, B., Larson, G., Krause, J., Dalén, L., Skoglund, P., Bergström, A., Stanton, D. W. G., Taron, U. H., Frantz, L., Sinding, M. -H. S., Ersmark, E., Pfrengle, S., Cassatt-Johnstone, M., Lebrasseur, O., Girdland-Flink, L., Fernandes, D. M., Ollivier, M., Speidel, L., Gopalakrishnan, S., Westbury, M. V., Ramos-Madrigal, J., Feuerborn, T. R., Reiter, E., Gretzinger, J., Münzel, S. C., Swali, P., Conard, N. J., Carøe, C., Haile, J., Linderholm, A., Androsov, S., Barnes, I., Baumann, C., Benecke, N., Bocherens, H., Brace, S., Carden, R. F., Drucker, D. G., Fedorov, S., Gasparik, M., Germonpré, M., Grigoriev, S., Groves, P., Hertwig, S. T., Ivanova, V. V., Janssens, L., Jennings, R. P., Kasparov, A. K., Kirillova, I. V., Kurmaniyazov, I., Kuzmin, Y. V., Kosintsev, P. A., Lázničková-Galetová, M., Leduc, C., Nikolskiy, P., Nussbaumer, M., O’Drisceoil, C., Orlando, L., Outram, A., Pavlova, E. Y., Perri, A. R., Pilot, M., Pitulko, V. V., Plotnikov, V. V., Protopopov, A. V., Rehazek, A., Sablin, M., Seguin-Orlando, A., Storå, J., Verjux, C., Zaibert, V. F., Zazula, G., Crombé, P., Hansen, A. J., Willerslev, E., Leonard, J. A., Götherström, A., Pinhasi, R., Schuenemann, V. J., Hofreiter, M., Gilbert, M. T. P., Shapiro, B., Larson, G., Krause, J., Dalén, L., and Skoglund, P.

Abstract

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. © 2022, The Author(s).

Published
2022

43. Effectiveness of fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs in wildland firefighting:A cluster randomised control trial

Author

Leduc, C., Giga, S.I., Fletcher, I.J., Young, Michelle, Dorman, S.C., Leduc, C., Giga, S.I., Fletcher, I.J., Young, Michelle, and Dorman, S.C.

Abstract

Critical to effective fire management is the protection and preparedness of highly trained wildland firefighters who routinely face extreme physical and psychological demands. To date, there is limited scientific evidence of psychosocial education intervention effectiveness in this context. The objective of the current study is to utilise a cluster randomised control trial study design to evaluate fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs across a wildland fire season. Wildland firefighters (n = 230) were randomly assigned by their work location to one of four experimental conditions. Pre- and post-season assessments of primary (e.g. psychosocial risk factors, physical fitness and psychological capital) and secondary (e.g. work engagement, job stress and incidence of injury) outcomes facilitated comprehensive evaluation. The psychosocial education intervention program was effective at buffering participant appraisals of 12 of 13 psychosocial risk factors, namely: organisational culture, civility, psychological demands, balance, psychological support, leadership expectations, growth and development, influence, workload management, engagement, protection and safety. Participants in the psychosocial education intervention also reported lower stress relating to organisational support compared with those who not receiving the intervention program. Wildland firefighters receiving either or both intervention programs reported a significantly lower incidence rate of injury (9.9%) compared with the organisation’s 5-year average (16.0%).

Published
2022

44. The effect of acute sleep extension vs active recovery on post exercise recovery kinetics in rugby union players.

Author

Leduc, C, Weaving, D, Owen, C, Ramirez-Lopez, C, Chantler, S, Aloulou, A, Tee, J, Jones, B, Leduc, C, Weaving, D, Owen, C, Ramirez-Lopez, C, Chantler, S, Aloulou, A, Tee, J, and Jones, B

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Elite rugby players experience poor sleep quality and quantity. This lack of sleep could compromise post-exercise recovery. Therefore, it appears central to encourage sleep in order to improve recovery kinetics. However, the effectiveness of an acute ergogenic strategy such as sleep extension on recovery has yet to be investigated among athletes. AIM: To compare the effects of a single night of sleep extension to an active recovery session (CON) on post-exercise recovery kinetics. METHODS: In a randomised cross-over design, 10 male rugby union players participated in two evening training sessions (19:30) involving collision activity, 7-days apart. After each session, participants either extended their sleep to 10 hours or attended an early morning recovery session (07:30). Prior to (PRE), immediately after (POST 0 hour [h]), 14h (POST 14) and 36h (POST 36) post training, neuromuscular, perceptual and cognitive measures of fatigue were assessed. Objective sleep parameters were monitored two days before the training session and over the two-day recovery period. RESULTS: The training session induced substantial decreases in countermovement jump mean power and wellness across all time points, while heart rate recovery decreased at POST 0 in both conditions. Sleep extension resulted in greater total sleep time (effect size [90% confidence interval]: 5.35 [4.56 to 6.14]) but greater sleep fragmentation than CON (2.85 [2.00 to 3.70]). Between group differences highlight a faster recovery of cognitive performance following sleep extension (-1.53 [-2.33 to -0.74]) at POST 14, while autonomic function (-1.00 [-1.85 to -0.16]) and upper-body neuromuscular function (-0.78 [-1.65 to 0.08]) were better in CON. However, no difference in recovery status between groups was observed at POST 36. CONCLUSION: The main finding of this study suggests that sleep extension could affect cognitive function positively but did not improve neuromuscular function the day after a late

Published
2022

45. Effectiveness of fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs in wildland firefighting : A cluster randomised control trial

Author

Leduc, C., Giga, S.I., Fletcher, I.J., Young, Michelle, Dorman, S.C., Leduc, C., Giga, S.I., Fletcher, I.J., Young, Michelle, and Dorman, S.C.

Abstract

Critical to effective fire management is the protection and preparedness of highly trained wildland firefighters who routinely face extreme physical and psychological demands. To date, there is limited scientific evidence of psychosocial education intervention effectiveness in this context. The objective of the current study is to utilise a cluster randomised control trial study design to evaluate fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs across a wildland fire season. Wildland firefighters (n = 230) were randomly assigned by their work location to one of four experimental conditions. Pre- and post-season assessments of primary (e.g. psychosocial risk factors, physical fitness and psychological capital) and secondary (e.g. work engagement, job stress and incidence of injury) outcomes facilitated comprehensive evaluation. The psychosocial education intervention program was effective at buffering participant appraisals of 12 of 13 psychosocial risk factors, namely: organisational culture, civility, psychological demands, balance, psychological support, leadership expectations, growth and development, influence, workload management, engagement, protection and safety. Participants in the psychosocial education intervention also reported lower stress relating to organisational support compared with those who not receiving the intervention program. Wildland firefighters receiving either or both intervention programs reported a significantly lower incidence rate of injury (9.9%) compared with the organisation’s 5-year average (16.0%).

Published
2022

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