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Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo La diabetes mellitus puede afectar a los pulmones en diversas estructuras y funciones. Actualmente, se estan realizando investigaciones para establecer la repercusion clinica de la hiperglucemia sobre la funcion pulmonar. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si el estado glucemico (euglucemico, prediabetes o diabetes) se asocia con la disminucion de los volumenes pulmonares determinados mediante espirometria. Pacientes y metodos Se trata de un estudio transversal analitico, realizado en el Hospital General Ticoman de la Ciudad de Mexico. A los participantes se les determino la concentracion de glucosa y hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), para establecer si eran portadores de un trastorno glucemico. A todos ellos se les realizo una espirometria forzada, obteniendo el volumen espiratorio al primer segundo (VEF1), la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), la relacion VEF1/CVF, y el flujo espiratorio pico (FEP). Se categorizaron los pacientes en sujetos euglucemicos, prediabeticos y diabeticos segun los criterios de la ADA. Se compararon los volumenes pulmonares entre los grupos. Resultados Se estudiaron un total de 55 sujetos, siendo 43 mujeres y 12 hombres. De esta muestra, 14 eran euglucemicos, 9 prediabeticos, y 32 diabeticos. Los individuos diabeticos presentan una disminucion del %FEP comparados con los sujetos prediabeticos y los euglucemicos. Los valores de glucosa serica en ayuno correlacionan con la disminucion del %VEF1, VEF1/CVF y %FEP, mientras que la HbA1c solo se correlaciona con la disminucion del %FEP. Conclusion Los sujetos con diabetes presentan un %PEF menor que los sujetos euglucemicos y los prediabeticos, mientras que el %VEF1, %CVF y la relacion VEF1/CVF no varian entre los diferentes estados glucemicos. El descontrol glucemico agudo se correlaciona con la disminucion de mas parametros espirometricos que el descontrol cronico.

Background Metabolic syndrome is a condition that predisposes to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. In addition, it can have effects over neoplastic pathologies, liver and pulmonary function. Our objective is to analyze the effect of the metabolic syndrome and its components on pulmonary function. Method 110 subjects from Mexico City were evaluated and anthropometric measurements, glucose determination, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were made. They underwent a simple spirometry. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made following the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Results Of 110 individuals, 90 (82%) were women and 20 men (18%); 71 subjects (65%) presented metabolic syndrome. Subjects with central obesity had a forced vital capacity (FVC) lower than subjects without central obesity (2.72 vs. 3.11 liters; p < 0.05). Those with low HDL had better spirometric results than subjects with normal HDL (FEV1 2.36 vs. 1.85 liters; p < 0.05), FVC (2.95 vs. 2.45 liters; p < 0.05) and FEV1/FVC ratio (0.78 vs.74; p < 0.05). Hypertensive subjects presented lower volumes in FEV1 (1.91 vs. 2.38; p < 0.05) and FVC (2.49 vs. 2.99; p < 0.05). Conclusion There is no difference between the spirometry volumes of patients with metabolic syndrome versus the metabolically healthy subjects. The only factors associated with a decrease in FEV1 and FVC are central obesity and arterial hypertension. An unexpected finding was the negative correlation between HDL levels and lung function.

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that predisposes to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. In addition, it can have effects over neoplastic pathologies, liver and pulmonary function. Our objective is to analyze the effect of the metabolic syndrome and its components on pulmonary function.110 subjects from Mexico City were evaluated and anthropometric measurements, glucose determination, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were made. They underwent a simple spirometry. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made following the NCEP-ATPIII criteria.Of 110 individuals, 90 (82%) were women and 20 men (18%); 71 subjects (65%) presented metabolic syndrome. Subjects with central obesity had a forced vital capacity (FVC) lower than subjects without central obesity (2.72 vs. 3.11 liters; p0.05). Those with low HDL had better spirometric results than subjects with normal HDL (FEV1 2.36 vs. 1.85 liters; p0.05), FVC (2.95 vs. 2.45 liters; p0.05) and FEV1/FVC ratio (0.78 vs.74; p0.05). Hypertensive subjects presented lower volumes in FEV1 (1.91 vs. 2.38; p0.05) and FVC (2.49 vs. 2.99; p0.05).There is no difference between the spirometry volumes of patients with metabolic syndrome versus the metabolically healthy subjects. The only factors associated with a decrease in FEV1 and FVC are central obesity and arterial hypertension. An unexpected finding was the negative correlation between HDL levels and lung function.El síndrome metabólico es un estado que predispone a enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus. Además, puede repercutir en la función hepática, en patologías neoplásicas y en la función pulmonar. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el efecto del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes sobre la función pulmonar.Se evaluaron 110 sujetos de la Ciudad de México a quienes se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, determinación de glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). Se les practicó una espirometría simple. Se realizó el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico siguiendo los criterios NCEP-ATPIII.De 110 individuos, 90 (82%) fueron mujeres y 20 hombres (18%), y 71 (65%) presentaron síndrome metabólico. Los sujetos con obesidad central tuvieron una capacidad vital forzada (CVF) menor que aquellos sin obesidad central (2.72 vs. 3.11 l; p0.05). Los que presentaron colesterol HDL bajo tuvieron mejores resultados espirométricos que los sujetos con colesterol HDL normal (volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo [VEF1] 2.36 vs. 1.85 l; p0.05), mejor CVF (2.95 vs. 2.45 l; p0.05) y mejor relación VEF1/CVF (78 vs. 74; p0.05). Los sujetos hipertensos presentaron menores volúmenes en VEF1 (1.91 vs. 2.38; p0.05) y CVF (2.49 vs. 2.99; p0.05).No existe diferencia en los volúmenes espirométricos de pacientes con síndrome metabólico al compararlos con sujetos metabólicamente sanos. Solo la obesidad central y la hipertensión arterial se asocian con disminución del VEF1 y la CVF. Un hallazgo inesperado es la correlación negativa entre los valores de colesterol HDL y la función pulmonar.

Background and objective Diabetes mellitus can affect the lungs, in its various structures and functions. Current research is being conducted to establish the clinical impact of hyperglycemia on lung function. The objective of this study is to determine if the glycemic state (euglycemic, prediabetes or diabetes) is associated with a decrease in lung volume, determined by spirometry. Patients and methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Ticoman General Hospital in Mexico City. Glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin concentration were used as the parameters to determine if the subjects had a glycemic disorder. They were further categorised into euglycemic, prediabetic and diabetic subjects according to ADA criteria guidelines. The subjects underwent forced spirometry testing, obtaining expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (FEP). The lung volumes between the groups were compared. Results A total of 55 subjects were studied; 43 women, and 12 men; 14 euglycemic, 9 prediabetic, and 32 with diabetes. Diabetic individuals presented a %FEP decrease compared to the prediabetic and euglycemic subjects. The fasting serum glucose values correlated with decrease of %FEV1, FEV1/FVC and %FEP, while the HbA1c concentration only correlated with the decrease of %FEP. Conclusions Subjects with diabetes have a lower %PEF than euglycemic and prediabetic subjects, while the %FEV1, %FVC and the FEV1/FVC ratio do not vary between the different glycemic states. Acute glycemic non-control correlated with a decrease in more spirometric parameters than chronic glycemic non-control.

The major risk factors for stroke are obesity, diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and dyslipidemia. In 1994 leptin was identifies as adipokine produced by adipose tissue. Its main action is the regulation of energy balance. Currently, hyperleptinemia is associated with cardiovascular disease.To determine the association between serum leptin and stroke in patients with SAH.We determined serum leptin in subjects with stroke and SAH, and compared this with patients with SAH without stroke. We calculated Student t, χ², and odds ratio (OR) for quantitative and qualitative variables.60 subjects were recruited, 30 subjects per group. Considering a value3.93 ng/ml as hyperleptinemia, it also was found a t=2.8 (p=0.007), and χ² with one degree of freedom of 10.82 (p=0.001), obtaining an OR of 3.05 for the development of stroke in the presence of elevated leptin (95% CI: 0.9-9.6; p=0.05).Hyperleptinemia is more common in patients with stroke than in those without this condition. But the question remains whether hyperleptinemia is a stroke risk factor or protective factor.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Several species of Annona (Annonaceae) are used in traditional Mexican medicine by their anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant and tranquilizing properties. It has been reported that the alkaloids isolated from some species of the Annona have affinity to serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors and modulate dopaminergic transmission, which is involved in depressive disorders. Aim of the study To investigate the antidepressant-like effect of an alkaloid extract from the aerial parts of Annona cherimola (TA) in mice. Materials and methods The antidepressant-like effect was evaluated in the forced swimming test. To elucidate a possible mechanism of action, experiments of synergism with antidepressant drugs, such as imipramine (IMI), clomipramine (CLIMI), and fluoxetine (FLX), were carried out. The neurotransmitter content (DA: dopamine, 5HT: serotonin and its metabolites, HVA: homovanillic acid and 5HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic) in the whole brain of mice were also determined by HPLC method. TA chemical composition was determined using high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. Results The results showed that repeated treatment with TA produced antidepressant-like effects in mice. This effect was not related to an increase in locomotor activity. Administration of TA facilitated the antidepressant effect of IMI and CLIMI as well as increased the turnover of DA and 5-HT. The alkaloids: 1,2-dimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzoquinoline-3,8,9,10-tetraol, anonaine, liriodenine, and nornuciferine were the main constituents of TA. Conclusions Results showed that TA produces an antidepressant-like action from a generalized increase in monominergic turnover, supporting the use in tradicional medicine of Annona cherimolia, and strongly suggest its therapeutic potency as an antidepressant agent.