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Generating genomic data for 19 tropical reef fish species of the Western Indian Ocean, we investigate how species ecology influences genetic diversity patterns from local to regional scales. We distinguish between the α, β and γ components of genetic diversity, which we subsequently link to six ecological traits. We find that the α and γ components of genetic diversity are strongly correlated so that species with a high total regional genetic diversity display systematically high local diversity. The α and γ diversity components are negatively associated with species abundance recorded using underwater visual surveys and positively with body size. Pelagic larval duration is found to be negatively related to genetic β diversity supporting its role as a dispersal trait in marine fishes. Deviation from the neutral theory of molecular evolution motivates further effort to understand the processes shaping genetic diversity and ultimately the diversification of the exceptional diversity of tropical reef fishes.

Este artículo contiene 19 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablas., Results: Geographic faunal provinces and ecoregions were the strongest predictors of coral resistance to thermal stress, with sites in the Australian, Indonesian and Fiji-Caroline Islands coral provinces having higher resistance to thermal stress than Africa-India and Japan-Vietnam provinces. Ecoregions also showed strong gradients in resistance with highest resistance to thermal stress in the western Pacific and Coral Triangle and lower resistance in the surrounding ecoregions. A more detailed evaluation of Coral Triangle and non-Coral Triangle sites found higher resistance to thermal stress within the Coral Triangle, associated with c. 2.5 times more recent historical thermal anomalies and more centralized, warmer, and cool-water skew SST distributions, than in non-Coral Triangle sites. Our findings identify the importance of environmental history and geographic context in future predictions of bleaching, and identify some potential drivers of coral resistance to thermal stress. Main conclusions: Simple threshold models of heat stress and coral acclimation are commonly used to predict the future of coral reefs. Here and elsewhere we show that large-scale responses of coral communities to heat stress are geographically variable and associated with differential environmental stresses and histories., TRM and NAM received support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the Sustainable Poverty Alleviation from Coastal Ecosystem Services (SPACES) NE-K010484-1 project. ESD was supported by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Data collection in the Solomon Islands was supported by the Wallace Research Foundation, and by the Waitt Foundation in Fiji. Maldives data collection was supported by Internatonal Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID). MMMG received support from the French National Research Agency under the STORISK project (No. ANR-15-CE03-0003). Data collection in Zanzibar was partly supported by the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (NORHED) project coordinated by the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA). The Tiffany & Co. Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supported data collection in some Western Indian Ocean reefs. VP received support from the DST-INSPIRE Faculty Programme, and Z. Tyabji and S. Chandrasekhar assisted VP with data collection in the Andaman Islands. RA received funding support from the Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies and an Intramural Project from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-201330E062). ATH received funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Indonesia data collection was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies.

Plusieurs études récentes ont montré que la segmentation d'événements est un processus cognitif impliqué dans la formation de souvenirs épisodiques. Bien qu'il existe des procédures expérimentales permettant d'évaluer la segmentation d'événements en recherche, il n'existe actuellement aucune tâche permettant d'évaluer ce processus en clinique. Dans ce contexte, notre premier objectif a été d'élaborer deux outils d'évaluation de la segmentation d'événements qui soient cliniquement exploitables : une tâche de segmentation de vidéos et un entretien clinique d'évaluation de la segmentation. Dans la seconde phase de ce projet, nous avons exploré ces outils en les administrant à des personnes âgées tout-venant avec pour objectif de montrer que les performances des participants à nos tâches de segmentation prédiraient leurs scores à différentes tâches de mémoire épisodique...