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Given the importance of medical devices in improving health, a system of monitoring their use is necessary to ensure an acceptable benefit/risk ratio. The present study focuses on the post-marketing monitoring system, of which the aimis to develop, a national strategy for the establishment of a multidimensional vigilance system to monitor medical devices in Morocco. Methods : The study is based on a systemic review selected by the PRISMA method for the period between [2011-2021] and on the Scopus, Pubmed, Science direct and Web of science databases. Results: A preliminary analysis of the data identified some challenges such as under-reporting and lack of standardization of adverse reaction coding, standard nomenclature problem for international trade, lack of clarity of requirements for manufacturers, and insufficient regulation and significant incentives for the use of unique device identifiers. Recommendations for a more effective national system are put for ward which address the regulation and computerization of the system for the development of medical devices monitoring mechanisms.

The use of medical devices (MDs) in the field of medical imaging has always been governed by rigorous regulations, in particular the authorizations and compliance of radiological installations and premises in view of the risks generated by the ionizing radiation produced by these MDs. The regulatory bases that deal with equipment emitting ionizing radiation are diversified between those specific to the protection of the public and users of ionizing radiation and those relating to medical devices. In addition, radio-diagnostic equipment must provide all the guarantees in terms of the balance between benefits and risks. Although radiation protection is essential, materiovigilance is one of the key elements of technological monitoring and surveillance of the risks that may result from the use of these medical devices after they have been placed on the market. The Moroccan legislation has a legal arsenal in accordance with the model of the World Health Organization’s global regulatory framework for medical devices. It outlines regulations and adheres to international guidelines in the field of vigilance against ionizing radiation. However, it is necessary to move on to the specification of procedures in order to remove any ambiguity.

Background: The list of medical devices (MD) eligible for reimbursement under the Compulsory Health Insurance in Morocco is set by Ministerial Order comprising 869 items between life-support equipment, external prostheses, and implants. The objective of the present study is to analyze the nomenclature of implantable medical devices (IMD) appearing on this list and compare them with the global nomenclature of MD (GMDN) and the European nomenclature of MD (EMDN)., Methods: The study deals with (i) the mapping of the codes of the IMD list with 170 DM per cardinality and (ii) a metric identification by Sørensen-Dice coefficient of terminological similarity of the IMD with respect to the two databases., Results: The 170 IMD codes are mapped onto 493 terms in the GMDN and 344 terms in the EMDN. The 37.7% of implants are mapped to more than or equal to 2 terms of GMDN while 36.5% are mapped to more than or equal to 2 terms to the EMDN. The comparison of cardinality distributions has revealed no significant difference (P=0.430) between the two databases. The implants examined are divided into 11 categories whose strong similarity is given to active cardiovascular implants in the EMDN database with sim Dice =0.534., Conclusion: Healthcare authorities need to align with nomenclature standards to improve interoperability and rely on a more efficient and rational regulatory process., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Biosafety and efficacy are essential aspects in the use of implantable medical devices (IMD) in several medical and surgical disciplines. To this effect, and depending on the therapeutic indication, the diversity of IMD imposes enormous evaluation strategies from their design through to their impact on improving the patient's quality of life., Objective: To elaborate cartography which traces back the research tracks published on IMD regarding the three Maghreb countries, namely Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and this through laying emphasis on a comparative study in view of highlighting the similarities and differences between them., Methods: First, the research work was concerned with studies on IMD published between 2013 and 2023, which met the inclusion criteria, and which used the above-mentioned keywords on the four databases Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and PubMed. Second, the results are processed for a comparative descriptive study. In second, a descriptive and inferential analysis of association and classification to establish a research map on IMD., Results: Articles selected; 86 articles out of 1081 for Morocco, 70 out of 900 for Algeria and 136 out of 1303 for Tunisia. Unlike domains (P=0.014), the research methods used highlights similarities in methodological research (P>0.05) ranging from simple descriptions to meta-analyses for the medical sciences with an inequitable distribution whose high share in favor of patient-reports., Conclusion: The design of maps raises a diversity of fields that concern medical and engineering sciences, while medical economic studies have yet to be developed in all three countries., (Copyright © 2023 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Alkaline treatment is a common step largely used in the industrial extraction of agar, a phycocolloid obtained from red algae such as Gelidium sesquipedale . The subsequent residue constitutes a poorly valorized by-product. The present study aimed to identify low-molecular-weight compounds in this alkaline waste. A fractionation process was designed in order to obtain the oligosaccharidic fraction from which several glycerol-galactosides were isolated. A combination of electrospray ion (ESI)-mass spectrometry, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS allowed the identification of floridoside, corresponding to Gal-glycerol, along with oligogalactosides, i.e., (Gal) 2⁻4 -glycerol, among which α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-galactopyranosylα1-2⁻glycerol and α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosylα1-2⁻glycerol were described for the first time in red algae.

Lipids A are the hydrophobic domains of bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. Since they are responsible for most of the biological activities (both pathogenic and beneficial) of endotoxins, the characterization of their structure is crucial to the understanding of their mode of action. However, the inadequacy of existing methods for preparing certain lipids A has prompted us to devise a new, mild procedure which gives intact products. Use was made of the special features of 252Cf-plasma desorption mass spectrometry for forming molecular ions from these species and giving qualitative and quantitative information from the primary mass spectrum.

Experiments were undertaken to localize in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the minimal structural determinants sufficient to initiate the signal leading to interleukin 1 (IL 1) secretion by human monocytes. Our results clearly demonstrated that this signal is triggered by structures present in the so-called inner-core region which chemically consists of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) and heptose in many LPS of gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the isolated polysaccharide region of Bordetella pertussis endotoxin as well as fragments derived therefrom containing the reducing KDO unit were able to induce similar levels of IL1 induction as the native LPS. Similarly, the trisaccharide alpha-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranosyl -(1-5)-3 -deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (hep-hep-KDO), representative for the inner-core region of a large number of enterobacterial LPS, was a very potent IL 1 inducer. Neither KDO monosaccharide, nor the alpha-(2-4)-linked 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid disaccharide isolated from Salmonella rough-form LPS promoted the signal indicating that the minimal structure of endotoxin able to induce IL 1 secretion resides in the hep (1-5)-KDO disaccharide.

Specific binding of Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins to human monocytes and murine macrophages was demonstrated. Binding of B. pertussis endotoxin could be inhibited by endotoxins of Salmonella minnesota, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the origin of the lipopolysaccharides and on the origin of the mononuclear phagocytic cells. The binding of B. pertussis and N. meningitidis endotoxins which was mediated by the polysaccharide region of the endotoxins was serum dependent. The results indicated that the binding of endotoxin was promoted neither by natural antibodies directed against the endotoxin nor by proteins known to combine with endotoxins: immunoglobulins, albumin, or fibronectin; we have provided some evidence that complement components may play a role in the specific binding of endotoxins to the monocyte/macrophage membrane.

After treatment with aqueous, 50% hydrofluoric acid, a well-known dephosphorylating agent, the presence of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO), an essential and characteristic constituent of endotoxins, can be readily demonstrated in reportedly KDO-deficient bacterial lipopolysaccharides.