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A study of documents in French archives detailing British intelligence agencies secret activities in the Middle East during and after the war is presented. The documents give details of the extensive use of bribery of prominent Lebanese and Syrian politicians by officers of Special Operations Executive. Britain was able to keep its hold over the region due to their collaboration.

Public opinion data toward war in Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Turkey is analyzed. Educational attainment is also shown to have no links with believing that war is needed for obtaining justice and that UN approval is needed before using military force to deal with an international threat. Concerns that education may not be helping in peaceful conflict resolution are also verified.

OF ALL THE kinds of fighting, urban warfare is the one that soldiers hate most. Just ask the Russian troops who fought in Grozny during the First Chechen War. Green, [...]

On May 9, 2008, following the orders of Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah, Lebanese Shia militiamen launched a series of armed assaults in Beirut and plunged parts of the country into [...]

Even though Syria and Israel have confirmed that they have been in secret peace negotiations, the chances of actually achieving peace seem quite less, keeping in mind political pressure and regional suspicions. This is obvious from increased Syrian deployments on Lebanese territory as can be seen from satellite imagery.

The article presents three avenues that could bring political stability to a country crippled by economic depression as Lebanon prepares to elect a new president.

The lack of military activity in UN Interim Force in Lebanon's (UNIFIL) area of operations and emphasis on a new front line indicates Lebanon's Hizbullah organization's disinterest in resurrection of its formidable defensive infrastructure along the border with Israel.

Lebanese militias are studied to gain insight into the positive aspects of their experience and the manner in which Lebanese militiamen were managed during the civil war so as to disregard to their confessional background to achieve specific political objectives are investigated. The possibility of overcoming confessional polarization in Lebanon is demonstrated by studying the experience of a number of militiamen who drew ethnic boundaries on Lebanese, Christian, Arab or Syrian features.

LEBANON HELD the attention of the world for weeks after a successful Hizballah kidnapping operation on July 12, 2006, led Israel to pummel the country in a sustained air campaign [...]

'Israel Lost the War' No. Israel did not decisively win the war against Hezbollah, but nor did it lose. The goal of the Israeli operation was to force Hezbollah out [...]

From the perspective of an art magazine published in New York, the conflict that erupted this summer between Lebanon and Israel is at once near and far--a geopolitical situation of [...]

The nation of the nationalists is always conceived to be in crisis. There is always an other standing between them and 'it'. 'It' is often the impossible goal of a 'totally gratifying nation'. Within a psychoanalytic framework, gratifying this nation is perceived as a fantasy, an object-cause of desire (Lacan), that is, a practical impossibility that neverthless keeps the practitioner trying to reach it. Within such a framework the other standing between the nationalists and their goal becomes a necessary subjective construction which allows the conversion of the impossibility of the nationalist fantasy into deferred possibility. The crisis presented by nationalist thought as triggered by the presence of the other is in fact a mode of reproducing the nationalists' belief in themselves and their nation. The 'real' crisis is when nationalists 'lose' their other and are forced to face the impossibility of the desired nation. Such situations can be described as states of nationalist anxiety. This paper, based on research during the civil war in Lebanon, examines certain events where the Lebanese Christian Nationalists were faced with the threat of losing their Muslim other. The paper describes the states of anxiety generated by this 'threat' and the nature of the strategies the Christian militias deployed to bring their state of anxiety to an end., Introduction In recent years the work of the Lacanian philosopher and psychoanalyst Slavoj Zizek (1991, 1993) has provided some exceptionally sharp analytical insights into a variety of current ideological formations. [...]

Israel's incursion into southern Lebanon in Jul. 1993 designated as 'Operation Accountability' caused significant damage and displaced over 300,000 Lebanese civilians. At the onset, the operation was marked by several precision attacks by the Israeli Defense Force. However, the precision attacks were quickly replaced by wanton shelling of civilian areas. The artillery barrage, coupled with the extensive use of antipersonnel weapons, resulted in even greater civilian causalities.

The Fijian battalion of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon, headquartered at Qana, came under heavy mortar fire from Israeli artillery batteries at about 1400 hours local time on Apr. 18, 1996. About four UN soldiers were wounded and 100 persons were killed, most of whom were Lebanese refugees. The Israeli Army argued that the barrage was instigated by mortar attacks emanating from an area near Qana. Moreover, Israeli officials stressed that devastation at the UN site was caused by overshooting mortar shells. However, analysis of the damage contradicted Israeli assertions.

Even though international pressure succeeded in forcing Damascus to withdraw its troops from Lebanon, the Syrian regime remains in the cross hairs of U.S. defense and intelligence concern about four [...]

Lebanon's Hizbullah organization, the Islamic Resistance, has increased activity around the Shebaa Farms, intensifying the pattern of retaliatory exchanges with the Israel Defense Force (IDF). Hizbullah intended to bolster its image as a defender of Lebanese sovereignty to appease domestic critics who view the party's activities in south Lebanon with suspicion by designating its attacks as retaliation.