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Dermatological damage caused by exposure to solar radiation drives the search for photoprotective formulations that can reach a wider public. Most of the current chemical UV filter formulations causes issues such as photoirritation, photosensitization, harmful hormonal activity to pregnant women, and interference in marine ecosystems caused by the buildup of these coumponds. Plant metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids have structural characteristics similar to the current UV filters. The study focused on the possibility of employing plant extracts collected in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park (RJ) as UV photoprotectors. SPF analysis was performed in vitro by the Mansur method, and antioxidant activity by the reaction with DPPH by the Mensor method. Of the analyzed extracts, 7 species reached SPF >1 in 5% solutions, and a mixture containing 6 of them reached the highest SPF of 9.9, They were: Baccharis reticularia, Eugenia pruniformis, Myrsine rubra, Mysrine parvifolia, Eugenia sulcata, Myrcia amazonica , and Myrcia vittoriana. In the antioxidant activity test, Myrsine rubra had the highest activity, higher than ascorbic acid and Trolox standards. The bibliometric analysis results, there is a recognized knowledge gap regarding studying the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of these native plants from the Brazilian restinga.

Introdução/objetivo: A tuberculose é um importante problema de saúde pública, e sua transmissão associa-se às condições de vida. A população privada de liberdade configura-se como uma das mais vulneráveis, sendo o sistema prisional um ambiente potencialmente transmissor da tuberculose. Assim, tem-se como objetivo descrever os casos de tuberculose pulmonar notificados entre os anos de 2016 a 2022 na população privada de liberdade no estado do Paraná. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, utilizando banco de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN). Foram avaliados dentre a população privada de liberdade entre 19 a 59 anos que tiveram tuberculose notificada entre 2016 a 2022, cujas formas clínicas incluíam a pulmonar, podendo ser isolada ou associada a formas extrapulmonares. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 22.0, com análise de frequência. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CAAE 38855820.6.0000.5231). Resultados: Dos 11.085 casos de tuberculose notificados no período nessa faixa etária, 8,6% (n = 1.406) eram da população privada de liberdade. Quanto à forma, apenas 3,2% (n = 42) tiveram a forma pulmonar e extrapulmonar conjugadas. Os outros 1.252 tiveram a forma pulmonar isolada, e 112 apresentaram apenas formas extrapulmonares, logo, não entraram na amostra desse estudo. Excluindo as outras formas da doença, a amostra foi de 1.294, com média de idade de 30 anos, incidência majoritária em homens (97,4%; n = 1.261), brancos (62,3%; n = 806), mais da metade (65,9%; n = 833) apresentavam de zero até nove anos de estudo e 8,5% (n = 112) apresentando coinfecção com o vírus HIV. Três quartos foram casos novos (76,3%; n = 987) e chamou-se a atenção o número de indivíduos que faziam uso do tabaco (51,2%; n = 662) e de drogas ilícitas (49,5%; n = 640), quando avaliados as doenças e agravos associados. Quanto à resistência terapêutica, importante de ser considerada no ambiente de privação de liberdade, 7,2% (n = 92) apresentaram alguma resistência às medicações. Conclusão: Houve predomino do sexo masculino, brancos, com escolaridade de zero a nove anos. Quanto, a forma de entrada, a maioria eram casos novos e apresentavam agravos associados referente ao uso de tabaco e drogas ilícitas. Conhecer as características da tuberculose em populações vulneráveis pode auxiliar no planejamento e execução de ações para esses grupos específicos, visando o controle da doença.

Schistosomiasis is caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, which uses mollusks of the Biomphalaria genus as intermediate hosts. In 2020, approximately 241 million people worldwide underwent treatment for schistosomiasis. For this reason, the World Health Organization encourages research on alternative molluskicides based on plant species. The objective of this work was to investigate Neomitranthes obscura essential oil from leaf chemical composition and its essential oil nanoemulsion activity on intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis Biomphalaria glabrata control. The major chemical components of the Neomitranthes obscura essential oil were zonarene, seline-3,7(11)-diene, β-selinene, and α-selinene. The nanoemulsion tested using 24-well plate methodology showed lethality and juvenile mollusks with LC90 values of 53.9 and 25.0 ppm after 48 h, respectively, and on their spawning with an LC90 of 66.2 ppm after 48 h. Additionally, the nanoemulsion exhibited an LC90 value against the infective form of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni of 11.5 ppm after 4 h. This pharmaceutical formulation acted inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase activity and was not toxic for Mellanoides sp. This result suggests the use of this nanoformulation as a promising alternative in the control of Biomphalaria glabrata and the transmission of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease transmitted in an aqueous environment by cercariae from the Schistosoma genus. This disease affects 200 million people living in risk areas around the world. The control of schistosomiasis is realized by chemotherapy, wastewater sanitation, health education, and mollusk control using molluscicidal agents. This work evaluates the effects of a nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Myrciaria floribunda leaves as a molluscicidal and cercaricidal agent against Biomphalaria glabrata mollusks and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The Myrciaria floribunda essential oil from leaves showed nerolidol, β-selinene, 1,8 cineol, and zonarene as major constituents. The formulation study suggested the F3 formulation as the most promising nanoemulsion with polysorbate 20 and sorbitan monooleate 80 (4:1) with 5% (w/w) essential oil as it showed a smaller droplet size of approximately 100 nm with a PDI lower than 0.3 and prominent bluish reflection. Furthermore, this nanoemulsion showed stability after 200 days under refrigeration. The Myrciaria floribunda nanoemulsion showed LC50 values of 48.11 µg/mL, 29.66 µg/mL, and 47.02 µg/mL in Biomphalaria glabrata embryos, juveniles, and adult mollusks, respectively, after 48 h and 83.88 µg/mL for Schistosoma mansoni cercariae after 2 h. In addition, a survival of 80% was observed in Danio rerio, and the in silico toxicity assay showed lower overall human toxicity potential to the major compounds in the essential oil compared to the reference molluscicide niclosamide. These results suggest that the nanoemulsion of Myrciaria floribunda leaves may be a promising alternative for schistosomiasis control.

The Aspergillus genus, the etiological agent of aspergillosis, is an important food contaminant and mycotoxin producer. Plant extracts and essential oils are a source of bioactive substances with antimicrobial potential that can be used instead of synthetic food preservatives. Species from the Lauraceae family and the Ocotea genus have been used as traditional medicinal herbs. Their essential oils can be nanoemulsified to enhance their stability and bioavailability and increase their use. Therefore, this study sought to prepare and characterize both nanoemulsion and essential oil from the Ocotea indecora’s leaves, a native and endemic species from the Mata Atlântica forest in Brazil, and evaluate the activity against Aspergillus flavus RC 2054, Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999, and Aspergillus westerdjikiae NRRL 3174. The products were added to Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at concentrations of 256, 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096 µg/mL. The strains were inoculated and incubated for up to 96 h with two daily measurements. The results did not show fungicidal activity under these conditions. A fungistatic effect, however, was observed. The nanoemulsion decreased the fungistatic concentration of the essential oil more than ten times, mainly in A. westerdjikiae. There were no significant changes in aflatoxin production.

Control of devastating phytopathogens such as the pineapple black rot causing-pathogen fungus, Thielaviopsis ethacetica, remains dependent on synthetic pesticides despite the detrimental implications of such conventional strategies. Here, attempting to identify and develop cleaner and more sustainable tools to control T. ethacetica, we evaluated the fungicidal potential through in vitro antimicrobial assays of Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Annona acutiflora leaf extracts. To ensure the sustainability of these alternative fungicide tools, we evaluated the toxicity and repellent effects of the most promising extracts against the non-target organism honey bees, Apis mellifera. Preliminary results by diffusion plating indicated bioactivity of the fractions ethyl acetate S. obtusifolium and butanol A. acutiflora on pineapple black rot causing-pathogen. The featured extract of S. obtusifolium reduced the growth rate by 90% and increased the lag phase of the target pathogen. The fungistatic action of both was observed at 6.25 mg/mL concentrations. Fungicidal activity in vitro was detected at 12.5 mg/mL (ethyl acetate S. obtusifolium) and 25.0 mg/mL (for butanol A. acutiflora). Polar extract A. acutiflora exerts selective fungistatic activity on pathogen conidia. Both highlight extracts did not kill A. mellifera foragers even when applied at concentrations as high as 10-fold the fungicidal concentration. Honeybee reduced their feeding activities when they had to feed on plant extract-contaminated diets and extracts from S. obtusifolium and repelled honeybees under free choice conditions. Our findings collectively showed that these plant extracts could be helpful alternative fungicide tools to be integrated into managing T. ethacetica infestations in many food and industrial crops.

Schistosomiasis is caused by the intestinal parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Individuals are affected by schistosomiasis when they are exposed to aquatic environments contaminated with Schistosoma cercariae that emerged from the infected intermediate host mollusk of the genus Biomphalaria. The WHO recommends using molluscicidal products to reduce the snail population and disease transmission. The WHO encourages the search for alternative substances in schistosomiasis control. Natural products are seen as a promising alternative because they are abundant in countries where schistosomiasis is endemic and have many different substances in their extracts, impairing cases of resistance. Therefore, the nanoemulsion effect of a butanol-soluble fraction of Sideroxylon obtusifolium leaves was evaluated against three study points in the biological cycle of the disease, that is, adults and young Biomphalaria glabrata, spawning by the host mollusk, and infectious larvae of the parasite. Extract-SOB (butanol fraction) and nano-SOB (nanoemulsion) demonstrated promising activity in adult B. glabrata population control with an LC50 of 125.4 mg/L, an LC90 of 178.1 mg/L, an LC50 of 75.2 mg/L, and an LC90 of 97 mg/L. Nano-SOB presented greater potency against young B. glabrata, with an LC90 of 72.1 mg/L and an LC50 of 58.3 mg/L. Still, relevant activity against S. mansoni cercariae was eliminated in 4 h (LC90: 34.6 mg/L). Nano-SOB reduced viable spawning by approximately 30% at 178.1 and 97 mg/L. Referring to most substances in this extract, quercetin-3-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-galactoside and hyperoside may cause low environmental toxicity and human toxicity according to in silico analysis. Thus, nano-SOB is a promising agent to combat B. glabrata population growth and schistosomiasis transmission.

RESUMO Este artigo propõe uma análise dos debates em torno da noção de subdesenvolvimento no campo cultural brasileiro, nos anos 1960 e 1970, a partir do ensaio de Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, “Cinema: trajetória no subdesenvolvimento” (1973). O cotejamento com artigos de Glauber Rocha (1965), Antonio Candido (1973) e Ferreira Gullar (1969) indica diferenças fundamentais no tratamento do problema. Enquanto Paulo Emílio via o subdesenvolvimento como estrutura a ser superada pelo campo cinematográfico, os demais autores recorriam ao conceito para expressar as precariedades estéticas da produção cultural do país.

The article approaches the teaching of Portuguese language for Haitian immigrants developed in the Extension Course for immigrants and refugees of IFRS-Campus Bento Gonçalves. The course methodological proposal is ba-sed on a theorical approach that takes Portuguese as a Host Language due to these subjects’ situation, who arrive in a social vulnerability condition, usually with low financial resources and worn out by the migratory process, worsen by the break of family, linguistic and cultural ties. This exploratory research carried out a case study with the Course students, in which a form was applied in order to chart the investigated group’s sociocultural profile. With the results it was possible to know the immigrants better and their real needs in relation to Portuguese lan-guage. The results also contributed to set out teaching methodologies and appropriated didactic material to the group, making the teaching-learning process more significative and therefore contributing to the social integration process.

Iron ore pelletizing plant consumes coal, pet coke, oil and natural gas to get the required chemistry, physical and metallurgical properties for iron ore pellets, consumed in steel industry. Tests were carried out to burn green iron ore pellets, which consumed natural gas; coal (anthracite fines) and two different eucalyptus charcoal (replacing the anthracite fines partially) with two different range of volatile materials. First charcoal with a volatile range of 20.3–25.98% and, a second one varying from 9.4 to 11.1%. Based on fixed carbon (10 kg/1 ton of pellets) content in green mixture, several tests were done to replace approximately 0.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 35.0% of anthracite fines by the two different charcoals, each turn with one charcoal, at the end both charcoals were tested and replaced the anthracite fines in the same amount of fixed carbon content. The “zero” replacement was the standard pellet trial, produced only with anthracite fines. Experiments were performed on a pilot scale plant using a mixer for green mixture, pelletizing disk, and a reactor of “pot grate” type for burning green pellets, that reactor simulated the traveling grate indurating machine. After burning, samples were collected to undergo physical tests, such as: tumble, abrasion and crushing strength. It was possible to replace 7.5% of anthracite fines by the two eucalyptus charcoal. Still 10.0% of replacement of anthracite fines was possible with the charcoal with lower volatile matter. Keywords: Iron ore pellet, Solid fuel, Physical tests, Pelletizing process

P2X7R is a purinergic receptor with broad expression throughout the body, especially in immune system cells. P2X7R activation causes inflammatory mediators to release, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the processing and release of which are critically dependent on this ion channel activation. P2X7R’s therapeutic potential augments the discovery of new antagonistic compounds. Thus, we investigated whether the Eugenia sulcata essential oil could block P2X7R activity. The essential oil (ESO) dose-dependently inhibited ATP-promoted PI uptake and IL-1β release with an IC50 of 113.3 ± 3.7 ng/mL and 274 ± 91 ng/mL, respectively, and the essential oil nanoemulsion (ESON) improved the ESO inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 81.4 ± 7.2 ng/mL and 62 ± 2 ng/mL, respectively. ESO and ESON reversed the carrageenan-activated peritonitis in mice, and ESON exhibited an efficacy higher than ESO. The majority substance from essential oil, β-caryophyllene, impaired the ATP-evoked PI uptake and IL-1β release with an IC50 value of 26 ± 0.007 ng/mL and 97 ± 0.012 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, β-caryophyllene reduced carrageenan-induced peritonitis, and the molecular modeling and computational simulation predicted the intermolecular interactions in the P2X7R situs. In silico, results indicated β-caryophyllene as a potent allosteric P2X7R antagonist, although this substance may present toxic effects for humans. These data confirm the nanoemulsion of essential oil from E. sulcata as a promisor biotechnology strategy for impaired P2X7R functions and the inflammatory response.

Abstract Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL). TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis with IC50(24h) value of 43.60μg/mL and 44.77μg/mL, respectively. TF-EpL altered the cell cycle of the parasite, increasing 2.32-fold the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase. TF-EpL also changed the ΔΨm and increased ROS and the number of annexin-V-PI positive promastigotes, which suggests incidental death. β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid were isolated from TF-EpL. The results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis terpenoids and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.

Cancer is one of the biggest problems in public health worldwide. Plants have been shown important role in anticancer research. Viscum album L. (Santalaceae), commonly known as mistletoe, is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on different host trees. In complementary medicine, extracts from European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) have been used in the treatment of cancer. The study was conducted to identify chemical composition and antitumor potential of Viscum album tinctures. Chemical analysis performed by high resolution chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometer identified caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, sakuranetin, isosakuranetin, syringenin 4-O-glucoside, syringenin 4-O-apiosyl-glucoside, alangilignoside C and ligalbumoside A compounds. Some of these compounds are probably responsible for the reduction of tumoral cellular growth in a dose-dependent manner. It was observed that melanoma murine cells (B16F10) were more sensitive to V. album tinctures than human leukaemic cells (K562), besides non-tumoral cells (MA-104) had a much lower cytotoxicity to them. Apoptotic-like cells were observed under light microscopy and were confirmed by a typical DNA fragmentation pattern. Additionally, flow cytometry results using Annexin-V/FITC permitted to quantify increased expression of early and late apoptotic markers on tumoral cells, confirming augmented Sub G0 population, which was probably associated with a consistent decrease in G1, and an increase in S or G2/M populations. Results indicate the chemical composition of V. album tinctures influences the mechanisms of in vitro tumoral cell death, suggesting a potential use in cancer pharmacotherapy research.

Abstract: As a part of our continuing search for insect and arthropod development regulators from Brazilian restinga vegetation of the Rio de Janeiro State, crude extracts, purified fractions and essential oils were submitted to screening tests seeking for biological activities on the development of the insects Rhodnius prolixus, Dysdercus peruvianus, Oncopeltus fasciatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Up to now, 102 secondary metabolites have been detected in the fractions, among them monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and two triterpenes which were obtained from the species, Eugenia sulcata, Pilocarpus spicatus, Manilkara subsericea, Myrciaria floribunda and Zanthoxylum caribaeum. These secondary plant metabolites are considered of interest for the use of studies related to arthropod endocrinology, vector-parasite interaction system, and population control of vector insect and agricultural pest. The observed biological activities were surprisingly high, involving increased mortality, molting and metamorphosis inhibition, paralysis, corporeal deformities, apparition of permanent nymphs, of adultoids and juvenoids, partial or total inhibition of oviposition and egg hatching. These compounds are now being studied further to determine if they may or may not be useful in controlling insect populations and/or interfere with the life cycle and vector transmission of parasites to animal and human populations.

BACKGROUND This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X. ochrantha, and to evaluate the effect of its nanoemulsion on molluscs of genus Biomphalaria and their oviposition. METHODS Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy method and characterised by particle size and polydispersity index. Biological assays evaluating the mortality of adult species of B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila and their ovipositions upon contact with the most stable nanoemulsion during 24 and 48 h were performed. FINDINGS Chemical analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the essential oil. The formulation with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 9.26 was the most suitable for the oil delivery system. This nanoemulsion caused the mortality in B. tenagophila, B. straminea and B. glabarata of different sizes at levels ranging from 50 to 100% in 48 h. Additionally, the formulation could inhibit the development of deposited eggs. CONCLUSION Thus, these results suggest the use of nanoemulsified essential oil from X. ochrantha as a possible alternative in controlling some Biomphalaria species involved in the schistosomiasis cycle.

It is important to understand the reduction disintegration mechanism in ferriferous burden that is used in blast furnaces. The behavior of this burden in the granular zone of this metallurgical reactor is important for smooth operation. The objective of this work was to prepare cold self-reducing briquettes using blast furnace dust and sludge and binders and compare the reduction disintegration index (RDI) of these agglomerates with conventional ferriferous burdens such as pellets, sinter and iron ore. In the present work, 25 different mixtures were prepared to produce briquettes in two geometries: pillow and cylindrical. The RDI value was determined for the briquettes that passed the tumbling test.

The present research aimed to study the chemical composition and acaricidal activity of Citrus limonum and Piper nigrum essential oils against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. GC-MS analysis of C. limonum essential oil showed limonene (50.3%), β-pinene (14.4%), and γ-terpinene (11.7%) as the major components; P. nigrum oil was mainly composed of β-caryophyllene (26.2%), σ-ocymene (5.8%), and α-pinene (5.5%). Acaricide activity was evaluated at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% (v/v) of each plant oil, as well as 1 : 1 combination of both oils (5% : 5%, 2.5% : 2.5%, and 1.25% : 1.25% each), by immersing engorged R. microplus females for one minute. The LC90 of oils from C. limonum, P. nigrum, and the combination were 4.9%, 14.8%, and 5.1%, respectively. C. limonum essential oil caused 100% mortality of engorged females at the highest concentration (10%). P. nigrum essential oil inhibited egg-laying by up to 96% in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting it reduces tick fecundity. When combined, the oils presented toxicity as to C. limonum oil alone, but with stronger inhibition of oviposition (5% : 5%), indicating a possible additive effect against R. microplus. The present data provide support for further investigation of novel natural products to control bovine tick infestations.

FUNDAMENTO: Na insuficiência cardíaca, níveis de interleucina 1β (IL 1β) se associam a prognóstico. A atividade adrenérgica cardíaca avaliada através da cintilografia com metiodobenzilguanidina (I123 MIBG) e parâmetros do exercício são importantes preditores de prognóstico. A relação entre essas variáveis não está bem definida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar associação entre níveis de IL 1β com parâmetros do exercício e do I123 MIBG. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal, com avaliação de 25 pacientes consecutivos com insuficiência cardíaca e fração de ejeção menor que 45%, através de: dosagem de IL 1β; parâmetros do I123 MIBG [relação coração/mediastino precoce e tardia, taxa de washout (WO)]; e teste ergométrico em esteira pelo protocolo de Rampa. RESULTADOS: Separados em dois grupos pelos níveis de IL 1β (normal vs. elevado), o grupo com níveis aumentados apresentava menor reserva de duplo produto (RDP), menor capacidade funcional (CF) e recuperação mais lenta da frequência cardíaca no 1º (RFC 1º) e 2º minuto (RFC 2º), e maior WO. Na análise univariada, todas as variáveis se correlacionaram com a IL 1β; RDP: r = 0,203, p = 0,024; CF: r = 0,181, p = 0,034; RFC 1º: r = 0,182, p = 0,034; RFC 2º: r = 0,204, p = 0,023; WO: r = 0,263, p = 0,009. Na multivariada, apenas a WO permaneceu com correlação significativa (r2 = 0,263, p = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A hipertonia adrenérgica foi o principal determinante dos níveis de IL 1β, demonstrando que a atividade simpática excessiva influencia a atividade inflamatória sistêmica. As variáveis do teste ergométrico não foram capazes de identificar pacientes com níveis elevados de IL 1β.BACKGROUND: Interleukin 1β (IL 1β) levels are associated with prognosis in heart failure. The cardiac adrenergic activity as assessed by metaiodobenzylguanidine (I123 MIBG) scintigraphy along with exercise parameters are important predictors of prognosis. The relationship between these variables is not fully established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of IL 1β levels with exercise and I123 MIBG parameters. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study evaluating 25 consecutive patients with heart failure and ejection fraction lower than 45% by means of: determination of IL 1β levels; I123 MIBG parameters [early and late heart/mediastinum ratio, washout rate (WO)]; and treadmill exercise test using the ramp protocol. RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups according to their IL 1β levels (normal vs. increased). The group with increased levels showed lower double-product reserve (DPR); lower functional capacity (FC); slower heart rate recovery at the first (HRR 1º) and second minute (HRR 2º); and higher WO. In the univariate analysis, all variables correlated with IL 1β; DPR: r = 0.203, p = 0.024; FC: r = 0.181, p = 0.034; HRR 1º: r = 0.182, p = 0.034; HRR 2º: r = 0.204, p = 0.023; WO: r = 0.263, p = 0.009. In the multivariate analysis, only WO maintained a significant correlation (r² = 0.263, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Adrenergic overactivity was the main determinant of IL 1β levels, thus demonstrating that an excessive sympathetic activity influences the systemic inflammatory response. Exercise test variables were not able to identify patients with high IL 1β levels.

Abstract Background: More than 50% of the patients with heart failure have normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) are prognostic markers in HFNEF. Nebivolol is a beta-blocker with vasodilating properties. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of nebivolol therapy on CPET and123I-MIBG scintigraphic parameters in patients with HFNEF. Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to determine the washout rate and early and late heart-to-mediastinum ratios. During the CPET, we analyzed the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response, heart rate (HR) during effort and recovery (HRR), and oxygen uptake (VO2). After the initial evaluation, we divided our cohort into control and intervention groups. We then started nebivolol and repeated the tests after 3 months. Results: After treatment, the intervention group showed improvement in rest SBP (149 mmHg [143.5-171 mmHg] versus 135 mmHg [125-151 mmHg, p = 0.016]), rest HR (78 bpm [65.5-84 bpm] versus 64.5 bpm [57.5-75.5 bpm, p = 0.028]), peak SBP (235 mmHg [216.5-249 mmHg] versus 198 mmHg [191-220.5 mmHg], p = 0.001), peak HR (124.5 bpm [115-142 bpm] versus 115 bpm [103.7-124 bpm], p= 0.043), HRR on the 1st minute (6.5 bpm [4.75-12.75 bpm] versus 14.5 bpm [6.7-22 bpm], p = 0.025) and HRR on the 2nd minute (15.5 bpm [13-21.75 bpm] versus 23.5 bpm [16-31.7 bpm], p = 0.005), but no change in peak VO2 and 123I-MIBG scintigraphic parameters. Conclusion: Despite a better control in SBP, HR during rest and exercise, and improvement in HRR, nebivolol failed to show a positive effect on peak VO2 and 123I-MIBG scintigraphic parameters. The lack of effect on adrenergic activity may be the cause of the lack of effect on functional capacity.

FUNDAMENTO: Frequência Cardíaca de Recuperação (RFC) reflete a capacidade do sistema cardiovascular de reverter a supressão vagal ocasionada pelo exercício. A cintilografia com metaiodobenzilguanidina (I¹²³ MIBG) avalia a inervação e ativação adrenérgica cardíaca. A associação entre esses dois métodos não está bem esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar associação entre RFC e Taxa de "Washout" (WO) de I¹²³ MIBG em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC). MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes com fração de ejeção < 45% realizaram teste ergométrico, sendo analisada a variação da RFC do 1º ao 8º minuto pós-esforço. Submetidos a I¹²³ MIBG foram separados em grupos pela WO: G1) < 27% e G2) > 27%. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado teste U de Mann Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: G2 demonstrou uma variação mais lenta da RFC: 1º minuto: G1: 21,5 (16,12 - 26,87) vs G2: 11,00 (8,5 - 13,5) bpm, p = 0,001; 2º minuto: G1: 34 (29 - 39) vs G2: 20 (14 - 26) bpm, p = 0,001; 3º minuto: G1: 46 (37,8 - 54,1) vs G2: 30 (22 - 38) bpm, p = 0,005; 5º minuto: G1: 51,5 (42 - 61) vs G2: 39 (31,5 - 46,5) bpm, p = 0,013; e no 8º minuto: G1: 54,5 (46,5 - 62,5) vs G2: 43 (34 - 52) bpm, p = 0,037. A RFC no 1º (r = -0,555; p = 0,004), e 2º minuto (r = -0,550; p = 0,004) apresentaram correlação negativa com WO. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com IC e WO elevado apresentaram uma RFC anormal em comparação com pacientes com WO normal. Tais achados sugerem que a ativação adrenérgica pode influenciar na RFC.BACKGROUND: Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) reflects the capacity of the cardiovascular system to reverse the vagal withdrawal caused by exercise. Scintigraphy with metaiodobenzylguanidine (I¹23 MIBG) evaluates innervation and cardiac adrenergic activation. The association of these two methods is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between HRR and washout rate (WO) of I¹²³ MIBG in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: wenty-five patients with ejection fraction < 45% underwent exercise testing, and analysis of the variation of HRR from the 1st to the 8th minute after exertion. Submitted to I¹²³ MIBG, they were separated into groups by WO: G1) 27%. For the statistical analysis Mann-Whitney's U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: G2 showed a slower variation of HRR: 1st minute: G1: 21.5 (16.12 to 26.87) vs. G2: 11.00 (8.5 to 13.5) bpm, p = 0.001; 2nd minute: G1: 34 (29-39) vs. G2: 20 (14 - 26) bpm, p = 0.001; 3rd minute: G1: 46 (37.8 - 54.1) vs. G2: 30 (22 - 38) bpm, p = 0.005; 5th minute: G1: 51.5 (42 - 61) vs. G2: 39 (31.5 to 46.5) bpm, p = 0.013, and in the 8th minute: G1: 54.5 (46.5 - 62.5) vs. G2: 43 (34 - 52) bpm, p = 0.037. HRR in the 1st (r = -0.555, p = 0.004), and in the 2nd minute (r = -0.550, p = 0.004) were negatively correlated with WO. CONCLUSION: Patients with high HF and WO showed an abnormal HRR compared with patients with normal WO. These findings suggest that adrenergic activation may influence the HRR.

FUNDAMENTO: Na insuficiência cardíaca, o teste ergométrico (TE) avalia capacidade funcional, um determinante de prognóstico. A cintilografia com I¹²³ MIBG mostra a ativação simpática cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre as variáveis do TE e as alterações da cintilografia com I¹²³ MIBG. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos 23 pacientes (FEVE < 45%) à cintilografia com I¹²³ MIBG e separados em: G1) taxa de Washout < 27%; G2) > 27%. Esses pacientes realizaram TE, onde foram analisadas: pressão arterial sistólica no pico do esforço (PASP), frequência cardíaca no pico do esforço (FCP), variação da pressão arterial sistólica intraesforço (Δ PAS), reserva cronotrópica e capacidade funcional em METs. Utilizaram-se para a análise estatística, o teste t de Student ou o teste U de Mann-Whitney, o coeficiente de Spearman e o coeficiente de regressão linear. RESULTADOS: A PASP (G1: 181,00 ± 28,01; G2: 153,27 ± 27,71, p = 0,027), a Δ PAS [G1: 64 (47,5-80,5); G2: 36 (25-47) mmHg, p = 0,015], a FCP (G1: 136,91 ± 19,66; G2: 118,45 ± 13,98 bpm, p = 0,018), a reserva cronotrópica (G1: 70,42 ± 17,94; G2: 49,47 ± 14,89%, p = 0,006) e a capacidade funcional [G1: 8,37 (6,47-10,27); G2: 4,42 (2,46-6,38) METs, p = 0,003] foram menores no G2. Houve correlação negativa entre taxa de Washout com PASP (r = -0,505, p = 0,014), Δ PAS (r = -0,493, p = 0,017) e capacidade funcional (r = -0,646, p = 0,001). Após regressão linear, PASP (r = -0,422, p = 0,016) e capacidade funcional (r = -0,804, p = 0,004) foram associadas com taxa de Washout. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, PASP e capacidade funcional foram as varáveis mais associadas com a taxa de Washout.

Three phloroglucinols were obtained from Hypericum brasiliense: japonicine A (1), isouliginosin B (2) and uliginosin B (3). Bioautography and disk diffusion methods were used to determine antibacterial activity of the hexanic extract. Strains of the Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and American Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones showed a growth inhibition zone ranging from 10 to 12 mm and 7 to 15 mm, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were used to measure antistaphylococcal activity for all phloroglucinols. Isouliginosin B and uliginosin B presented MIC values of 1.5 and 3.0 µg/mL, respectively, while japonicine A displayed MIC value of 50.0 µg/mL.

Baccharis reticularia DC. is a plant species from the Asteraceae family that is endemic to Brazil. Despite the great importance of Baccharis genus, no study has been carried out regarding either the phytochemical composition of B. reticularia or the evaluation of its larvicidal potential. Considering the intrinsic immiscibility of essential oils, this study shows larvicidal nanoemulsions containing the B. reticularia phytochemically characterized essential oil and its main constituent against Aedes aegypti. The major compound found was d-limonene (25.7%). The essential oil inhibited the acetylcholinesterase, one of the main targets of insecticides. The required hydrophile-lipophile balance of both nanoemulsions was 15.0. The mean droplet sizes were around 90.0 nm, and no major alterations were observed after 24 h of preparation for both formulations. After 48 h of treatment, the estimated LC50 values were 118.94 μg mL−1 and 81.19 μg mL−1 for B. reticularia essential oil and d-limonene nanoemulsions, respectively. Morphological alterations evidenced by scanning electron micrography were observed on the larvae treated with the d-limonene nanoemulsion. This paper demonstrated a simple and ecofriendly method for obtaining B. reticularia essential oil and d-limonene aqueous nanoemulsions by a non-heating and solvent-free method, as promising alternatives for Aedes aegypti control.

Abstract The demand for sustainable materials in the steel industry and the search for alternatives for the traditional ferriferous burdens utilized in siderurgy stimulated the development of this research. The briquetting process is a usual measure taken for recycling materials such as ironmaking waste (dust and sludge from blast furnaces), which can be reutilized in steel plants. The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of the use of organic and inorganic binders, blast furnace dust and sludge on the mechanical strength of briquettes for use in blast furnaces. The mechanical analysis was performed with the results from tumbling tests, executed to obtain the strength of each sample composition. The results exhibited adequate values of mechanical strength for samples that contained BBTL and BBTX binder, indicating that these materials acted as good binders in the briquetting process.

Abstract Coal blend bulk density is an important property in the coking process. Some variables, such as moisture and particle size, which are controlled or measured in the coal beneficiation process in steel mills, exert a strong influence on this feature. This study aims to understand the density variation of coal blends by the influence of moisture and particle size when using dry and wet bases. The investigations showed that higher density can be reached when drying the coal blend or even with excess of moisture by an agglomeration process. However, for a coal blend of lower moisture content, such as 4%, the better effects on the coking process are evident. Changes on the density from particle size require care, since they can fall in a region of high density achieved by larger particles or in a region with excess coal fines, where either or both can compromise the coke quality.

FUNDAMENTO: Frequência Cardíaca de Recuperação (RFC) reflete a capacidade do sistema cardiovascular de reverter a supressão vagal ocasionada pelo exercício. A cintilografia com metaiodobenzilguanidina (I¹²³ MIBG) avalia a inervação e ativação adrenérgica cardíaca. A associação entre esses dois métodos não está bem esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar associação entre RFC e Taxa de "Washout" (WO) de I¹²³ MIBG em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC). MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes com fração de ejeção < 45% realizaram teste ergométrico, sendo analisada a variação da RFC do 1º ao 8º minuto pós-esforço. Submetidos a I¹²³ MIBG foram separados em grupos pela WO: G1) < 27% e G2) > 27%. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado teste U de Mann Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: G2 demonstrou uma variação mais lenta da RFC: 1º minuto: G1: 21,5 (16,12 - 26,87) vs G2: 11,00 (8,5 - 13,5) bpm, p = 0,001; 2º minuto: G1: 34 (29 - 39) vs G2: 20 (14 - 26) bpm, p = 0,001; 3º minuto: G1: 46 (37,8 - 54,1) vs G2: 30 (22 - 38) bpm, p = 0,005; 5º minuto: G1: 51,5 (42 - 61) vs G2: 39 (31,5 - 46,5) bpm, p = 0,013; e no 8º minuto: G1: 54,5 (46,5 - 62,5) vs G2: 43 (34 - 52) bpm, p = 0,037. A RFC no 1º (r = -0,555; p = 0,004), e 2º minuto (r = -0,550; p = 0,004) apresentaram correlação negativa com WO. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com IC e WO elevado apresentaram uma RFC anormal em comparação com pacientes com WO normal. Tais achados sugerem que a ativação adrenérgica pode influenciar na RFC.

The essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata, in the Myrtaceae family, has a demonstrated antihypertensive effect, but its effects on heart muscle and its toxicity have not yet been elucidated. Little chemical or biological data are available for E. sulcata, whether emphasizing the beneficial effects or the pharmacological security of this species. This study aims to evaluate myocardial contractility and to analyze angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and myosin ATPase activities associated with use of this essential oil. In addition, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of E. sulcata essential oil. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated daily for 30 days (10 mg/kg of oil) to evaluate the isometric force of the papillary muscle, ACE measured by fluorimetry, and myosin ATPase activities by inorganic phosphate. Lymphocyte cultures were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and mutagenicity of the essential oil. The results demonstrate that the treatment did not change the cardiac contraction force and did not alter the functioning of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, extrusion of the membrane calcium, or modify the membrane calcium channels or β-adrenergic receptor activity. Tetanic contractions were potentiated in the SHR animals. Myosin ATPase activity was also increased in the SHR animals. Cardiac ACE activity was reduced in both animal strains, and the serum ACE was reduced only in the SHR animals. The essential oil did not cause cytotoxicity or mutagenicity and presented low DNA damage. Our results demonstrated that the essential oil does not change myocardial contractility and does not present relevant immunotoxicity.

ABSTRACT Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, is a native plant species of the Atlantic Rain Forest, from north to south of Brazil. The lyophilized ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of M. floribunda was investigated for its antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines, antioxidant capacity and its total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. Antiproliferative activity was tested in vitro against seven human cancer cells and against immortalized human skin keratinocytes line (HaCat, no cancer cell). Antioxidant activity was determined using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) assays and total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. Ethyl acetate extract of M. floribunda exhibited antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines with total growth inhibition (TGI) between 69.70 and 172.10 µg/mL. For HaCat cell, TGI value was 213.60 µg/mL. M. floribunda showed a strong antioxidant potential: EC50 of 45.89±0.42 µg/mL and 0.55±0.05 mmol TE/g for DPPH and ORAC, respectively. Total phenolic content was 0.23±0.013g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and exhibited 13.10±1.60% of tannins content. The content of flavonoid was 24.08±0.44% expressed as rutin equivalents. These results provide a direction for further researches about the antitumoral potential of M. floribunda.