Author: "Leach, K." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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863 results on '"Leach, K."'

1. High-Precision Excited-State Nuclear Recoil Spectroscopy with Superconducting Sensors

Author: Bray, C., Fretwell, S., Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A., Kim, I., Samanta, A., Wang, K., Stone-Whitehead, C., Warburton, W. K., Ponce, F., Leach, K. G., Abells, R., Amaro, P., Andoche, A., Cantor, R., Diercks, D., Guerra, M., Hall, A., Harris, C., Harris, J., Hayen, L., Hervieux, P. A., Kim, G. B., Lennarz, A., Lordi, V., Machado, J., Machule, P., Marino, A., McKeen, D., Mougeot, X., Ruiz, C., Smolsky, J. P. Santos J., Waters, B. D., and Friedrich, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Superconducting sensors doped with rare isotopes have recently demonstrated powerful sensing performance for sub-keV radiation from nuclear decay. Here, we report the first high-resolution recoil spectroscopy of a single, selected nuclear state using superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) sensors. The STJ sensors were used to measure the eV-scale nuclear recoils produced in $^7$Be electron capture decay in coincidence with the 478 keV $\gamma$-ray emitted in decays to the excited nuclear state in $^7$Li. Details of the Doppler broadened recoil spectrum depend on the slow-down dynamics of the recoil ion and can constrain the interaction potential between the recoiling Li and the Ta matrix of the STJ sensor. The results have implications in several areas from nuclear structure and stopping powers at eV-scale energies to direct searches for dark matter, neutrino mass measurements, and other physics beyond the standard model.
Published: 2024

2. Imaging of single barium atoms in a second matrix site in solid xenon for barium tagging in a $^{136}$Xe double beta decay experiment

Author: Yvaine, M., Fairbank, D., Soderstrom, J., Taylor, C., Stanley, J., Walton, T., Chambers, C., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Kharusi, S. Al, Amy, A., Angelico, E., Anker, A., Arnquist, I. J., Atencio, A., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breslin, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fatemighomi, N., Foust, B., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallice, N., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Hein, E., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Karelin, A., Keblbeck, D., Kotov, I., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Kwiatkowski, A. A., Larson, A., Latif, M. B., Leach, K. G., Lennarz, A., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, H., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Pagani, L., Smalley, H. Peltz, Perna, A., Pocar, A., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rescia, S., Richardson, G., Ross, R., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Sekula, S., Si, L., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O. A., van Bruggen, E., Vidal, M., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, H. W., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wehrfritz, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Xu, H., Yang, L., Yu, M., and Zeldovich, O.
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the most sensitive probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. One of the isotopes under investigation is $^{136}$Xe, which would double beta decay into $^{136}$Ba. Detecting the single $^{136}$Ba daughter provides a sort of ultimate tool in the discrimination against backgrounds. Previous work demonstrated the ability to perform single atom imaging of Ba atoms in a single-vacancy site of a solid xenon matrix. In this paper, the effort to identify signal from individual barium atoms is extended to Ba atoms in a hexa-vacancy site in the matrix and is achieved despite increased photobleaching in this site. Abrupt fluorescence turn-off of a single Ba atom is also observed. Significant recovery of fluorescence signal lost through photobleaching is demonstrated upon annealing of Ba deposits in the Xe ice. Following annealing, it is observed that Ba atoms in the hexa-vacancy site exhibit antibleaching while Ba atoms in the tetra-vacancy site exhibit bleaching. This may be evidence for a matrix site transfer upon laser excitation. Our findings offer a path of continued research toward tagging of Ba daughters in all significant sites in solid xenon., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

3. Supernova Electron-Neutrino Interactions with Xenon in the nEXO Detector

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Hedges, S., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Brodsky, J. P., Richardson, G., Wilde, S., Amy, A., Anker, A., Arnquist, I. J., Arsenault, P., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breslin, J., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L. Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fatemighomi, N., Foust, B., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallice, N., Gillis, W., Goeldi, D., Gorham, A., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y. D., Hardy, C. A., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Kachru, P., Karelin, A., Keblbeck, D., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Latif, M. B., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, H., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Medina-Peregrina, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Pagani, L., Smalley, H. Peltz, Perna, A., Piepke, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Raymond, K., Rescia, S., Riot, V., Ross, R., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Sekula, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tyuka, O. A., van Bruggen, E., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wehrfritz, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, X. M., Xu, H., Yang, H. B., Yang, L., Yu, M., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., and Zhao, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double-beta decay detector (~5-tonne, 90% ${}^{136}$Xe, 10% ${}^{134}$Xe) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the MARLEY event generator. We find good agreement between MARLEY's predictions and existing theoretical calculations of the inclusive cross sections at supernova neutrino energies. The interactions modeled by MARLEY were simulated within the nEXO simulation framework and were run through an example reconstruction algorithm to determine the detector's efficiency for reconstructing these events. The simulated data, incorporating the detector response, were used to study the ability of nEXO to reconstruct the incident electron-neutrino spectrum and these results were extended to a larger xenon detector of the same isotope enrichment. We estimate that nEXO will be able to observe electron-neutrino interactions with xenon from supernovae as far as 5 to 8 kpc from earth, while the ability to reconstruct incident electron-neutrino spectrum parameters from observed interactions in nEXO is limited to closer supernovae., Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2024

4. The Data Acquisition System for Phase-III of the BeEST Experiment

Author: Bray, C., Fretwell, S., Kim, I., Warburton, W. K., Ponce, F., Leach, K. G., Friedrich, S., Abells, R., Amaro, P., Andoche, A., Cantor, R., Diercks, D., Guerra, M., Hall, A., Harris, C., Harris, J. T., Hayen, L., Hervieux, P. A., Kim, G. B., Lennarz, A., Lordi, V., Machado, J., Machule, P., Marino, A., McKeen, D., Mougeot, X., Ruiz, C., Samanta, A., Santos, J. P., and Stone-Whitehead, C.
Published: 2024
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5. The Data Acquisition System for Phase-III of the BeEST Experiment

Author: Bray, C., Fretwell, S., Kim, I., Warburton, W. K., Ponce, F., Leach, K. G., Friedrich, S., Abells, R., Amaro, P., Andoche, A., Cantor, R., Diercks, D., Guerra, M., Hall, A., Harris, C., Harris, J., Hayen, L., Hervieux, P. A., Kim, G. B., Lennarz, A., Lordi, V., Machado, J., Machule, P., Marino, A., McKeen, D., Mougeot, X., Ruiz, C., Samanta, A., Santos, J. P., and Stone-Whitehead, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: The BeEST experiment is a precision laboratory search for physics beyond the standard model that measures the electron capture decay of $^7$Be implanted into superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors. For Phase-III of the experiment, we constructed a continuously sampling data acquisition system to extract pulse shape and timing information from 16 STJ pixels offline. Four additional pixels are read out with a fast list-mode digitizer, and one with a nuclear MCA already used in the earlier limit-setting phases of the experiment. We present the performance of the data acquisition system and discuss the relative advantages of the different digitizers., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, proceedings for The 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Detectors
Published: 2023

6. First direct $^{7}$Be electron capture $Q$-value measurement towards high-precision BSM neutrino physics searches

Author: Bhandari, R., Bollen, G., Brunner, T., Gamage, N. D., Hamaker, A., Hockenbery, Z., Gamage, M. Horana, Keblbeck, D. K., Leach, K. G., Puentes, D., Redshaw, M., Ringle, R., Schwarz, S., Sumithrarachchi, C. S., and Yandow, I.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first direct measurement of the nuclear electron capture (EC) decay $Q$-value of $^{7}$Be $\rightarrow$ $^{7}$Li via high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry (PTMS). This was performed using the LEBIT Penning trap located at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory/Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (NSCL/FRIB) using the newly commissioned Batch-Mode Ion-Source (BMIS) to deliver the unstable $^{7}$Be$^{+}$ samples. With a measured value of $Q_{EC}$ = 861.963(23) keV this result is also three times more precise than any previous determination of this quantity. This improved precision, and accuracy of the $^7$Be EC decay $Q$-value is critical for ongoing experiments that measure the recoiling nucleus in this system as a signature to search for beyond Standard Model (BSM) neutrino physics using $^7$Be-doped superconducting sensors.
Published: 2023

7. An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Author: Tsang, R. H. M., Piepke, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L. Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, C., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Cohen, J. R., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Darroch, L., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y. D., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Peltz-Smalley, H., Perna, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rebeiro, B., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Barakoohi, E. Teimoori, Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O. A., Underwood, R., van Bruggen, E., Veeraraghavan, V., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S., Wu, X. M., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Large-scale low-background detectors are increasingly used in rare-event searches as experimental collaborations push for enhanced sensitivity. However, building such detectors, in practice, creates an abundance of radioassay data especially during the conceptual phase of an experiment when hundreds of materials are screened for radiopurity. A tool is needed to manage and make use of the radioassay screening data to quantitatively assess detector design options. We have developed a Materials Database Application for the nEXO experiment to serve this purpose. This paper describes this database, explains how it functions, and discusses how it streamlines the design of the experiment.
Published: 2023

8. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author: Acharya, B., Adams, C., Aleksandrova, A. A., Alfonso, K., An, P., Baeßler, S., Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P. S., Bellini, F., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Bernauer, J. C., Bhattacharya, T., Bishof, M., Bolotnikov, A. E., Breur, P. A., Brodeur, M., Brodsky, J. P., Broussard, L. J., Brunner, T., Burdette, D. P., Caylor, J., Chiu, M., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Clayton, S. M., Daniels, T. V., Darroch, L., Davoudi, Z., de Gouvêa, A., Dekens, W., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D., Deshpande, A., Detwiler, J. A., Dodson, G. W., Dolinski, M. J., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Erler, J., Filippone, B. W., Fomin, N., Formaggio, J. A., Friesen, F. Q. L., Fry, J., Fujikawa, B. K., Fuller, G., Fuyuto, K., Gallant, A. T., Gallina, G., Ruiz, A. Garcia, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardner, S., Gonzalez, F. M., Gratta, G., Gruszko, J., Gudkov, V., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Haxton, W. C., Hayen, L., Hedges, S., Heeger, K. M., Heffner, M., Heise, J., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Hertzog, D. W., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Holt, J. D., Hoogerheide, S. F., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Howell, C. R., Huang, M., Hutzler, N. R., Imam, K., Ito, T. M., Jamil, A., Janssens, R. V., Jayich, A. M., Jones, B. J. P., Kammel, P., Liu, K. F., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Klein, J. R., Kneller, J. P., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Korsch, W., Krücken, R., Kumar, K. S., Launey, K. D., Lawrence, D., Leach, K. G., Lehnert, B., Lenardo, B. G., Li, Z., Lin, H. -W., Longfellow, B., Lopez-Caceres, S., Lunardini, C., MacLellan, R., Markoff, D. M., Maruyama, R. H., Mathews, D. G., Melconian, D., Mereghetti, E., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Nazarewicz, W., Newby, J., Nicholson, A. N., Novitski, E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ouellet, J. L., Parno, D. S., Paschke, K. D., Pastore, S., Pattie Jr, R. W., Petrov, A. A., Pitt, M. L., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pocar, A., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rahangdale, H., Rasco, B. C., Rasiwala, H., Redwine, R. P., Ritz, A., Rogers, L., Ron, G., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Sargsyan, G. H., Saunders, A., Savard, G., Schaper, D. C., Scholberg, K., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Singh, J. T., Singh, M., Singh, V., Snow, W. M., Soma, A. K., Souder, P. A., Speller, D. H., Stachurska, J., Surukuchi, P. T., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tomalak, O., Torres, J. A., Tyuka, O. A., VanDevender, B. A., Varriano, L., Vogt, R., Walker-Loud, A., Wamba, K., Watkins, S. L., Wietfeldt, F. E., Williams, W. D., Wilson, J. T., Winslow, L., Yan, X. L., Yang, L., Young, A. R., Zheng, X., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This whitepaper presents the research priorities decided on by attendees of the 2022 Town Meeting for Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons and Neutrinos, which took place December 13-15, 2022 in Chapel Hill, NC, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 275 scientists registered for the meeting. The whitepaper makes a number of explicit recommendations and justifies them in detail.
Published: 2023

9. 'Searching for a needle in a haystack;' A Ba-tagging approach for an upgraded nEXO experiment

Author: Rasiwala, H., Murray, K., Lan, Y., Chambers, C., Cvitan, M., Brunner, T., Collister, R., Daniels, T., Elmansali, R., Fairbank, W., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Koffas, T., Kwiatkowski, A. A., Leach, K. G., Lennarz, A., Malbrunot, C., Ray, D., Shaikh, R., and Yang, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed experiment that will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) in 5-tonnes of liquid xenon (LXe), isotopically enriched in $^{136}$Xe. A technique called Ba-tagging is being developed as a potential future upgrade for nEXO to detect the $^{136}$Xe double-beta decay daughter isotope, $^{136}$Ba. An efficient Ba-tagging technique has the potential to boost nEXO's 0$\nu\beta\beta$ sensitivity by essentially suppressing non-double-beta decay background events. A conceptual approach for the extraction from the detector volume, trapping, and identification of a single Ba ion from 5 tonnes of LXe is presented, along with initial results from the commissioning of one of its subsystems, a quadrupole mass filter., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2023
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10. First Evidence of Axial Shape Asymmetry and Configuration Coexistence in $^{74}$Zn: Suggestion for a Northern Extension of the $N=40$ Island of Inversion

Author: Rocchini, M., Garrett, P. E., Zielinska, M., Lenzi, S. M., Dao, D. D., Nowacki, F., Bildstein, V., MacLean, A. D., Olaizola, B., Ahmed, Z. T., Andreoiu, C., Babu, A., Ball, G. C., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bidaman, H., Cheng, C., Coleman, R., Dillmann, I., Garnsworthy, A. B., Gillespie, S., Griffin, C. J., Grinyer, G. F., Hackman, G., Hanley, M., Illana, A., Jones, S., Laffoley, A. T., Leach, K. G., Lubna, R. S., McAfee, J., Natzke, C., Pannu, S., Paxman, C., Porzio, C., Radich, A. J., Rajabali, M. M., Sarazin, F., Schwarz, K., Shadrick, S., Sharma, S., Suh, J., Svensson, C. E., Yates, D., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The excited states of $N=44$ $^{74}$Zn were investigated via $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy following $^{74}$Cu $\beta$ decay. By exploiting $\gamma$-$\gamma$ angular correlation analysis, the $2_2^+$, $3_1^+$, $0_2^+$ and $2_3^+$ states in $^{74}$Zn were firmly established. The $\gamma$-ray branching and $E2/M1$ mixing ratios for transitions de-exciting the $2_2^+$, $3_1^+$ and $2_3^+$ states were measured, allowing for the extraction of relative $B(E2)$ values. In particular, the $2_3^+ \to 0_2^+$ and $2_3^+ \to 4_1^+$ transitions were observed for the first time. The results show excellent agreement with new microscopic large-scale shell-model calculations, and are discussed in terms of underlying shapes, as well as the role of neutron excitations across the $N=40$ gap. Enhanced axial shape asymmetry (triaxiality) is suggested to characterize $^{74}$Zn in its ground state. Furthermore, an excited $K=0$ band with a significantly larger softness in its shape is identified. A shore of the $N=40$ ``island of inversion'' appears to manifest above $Z=26$, previously thought as its northern limit in the chart of the nuclides.
Published: 2023
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11. $^{138}{\rm Ba}(d,\alpha)$ study of states in $^{136}{\rm Cs}$: Implications for new physics searches with xenon detectors

Author: Rebeiro, B. M., Triambak, S., Garrett, P. E., Ball, G. C., Brown, B. A., Menéndez, J., Romeo, B., Adsley, P., Lenardo, B. G., Lindsay, R., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Coleman, R., Varela, A. Diaz, Dubey, R., Faestermann, T., Hertenberger, R., Kamil, M., Leach, K. G., Natzke, C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Radich, A., Rand, E., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We used the $^{138}$Ba$(d,\alpha)$ reaction to carry out an in-depth study of states in $^{136}$Cs, up to around 2.5~MeV. In this work, we place emphasis on hitherto unobserved states below the first $1^+$ level, which are important in the context of solar neutrino and fermionic dark matter (FDM) detection in large-scale xenon experiments. We identify for the first time candidate metastable states in $^{136}$Cs, which would allow a real-time detection of solar neutrino and FDM events in xenon detectors, with high background suppression. Our results are also compared with shell-model calculations performed with three Hamiltonians that were previously used to evaluate the nuclear matrix element (NME) for $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double beta decay. We find that one of these Hamiltonians, which also systematically underestimates the NME compared to the others, dramatically fails to describe the observed low-energy $^{136}$Cs spectrum, while the other two show reasonably good agreement.
Published: 2023
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12. Nuclear $\beta$ decay as a probe for physics beyond the Standard Model

Author: Brodeur, M., Buzinsky, N., Caprio, M. A., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Fasano, P. J., Formaggio, J. A., Gallant, A. T., Garcia, A., Gandolfi, S., Gardner, S., Glick-Magid, A., Hayen, L., Hergert, H., Holt, J. D., Horoi, M., Huang, M. Y., Launey, K. D., Leach, K. G., Longfellow, B., Lovato, A., McCoy, A. E., Melconian, D., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P., Mereghetti, E., Mittig, W., Navratil, P., Pastore, S., Piarulli, M., Puentes, D., Rasco, B. C., Redshaw, M., Sargsyan, G. H., Savard, G., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Stroberg, S. R., Surbrook, J., Walker-Loud, A., Wiringa, R. B., Wrede, C., Young, A. R., and Zelevinsky, V.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This white paper was submitted to the 2022 Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN) Town Hall Meeting in preparation for the next NSAC Long Range Plan. We advocate to support current and future theoretical and experimental searches for physics beyond the Standard Model using nuclear $\beta$ decay., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, White paper submitted to the 2022 Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN) Town Hall Meeting at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Published: 2023

13. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Author: Adams, C., Alfonso, K., Andreoiu, C., Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Asaadi, J. A. A., Avignone, F. T., Axani, S. N., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Bhatta, T., Biancacci, V., Biassoni, M., Bossio, E., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brofferio, C., Brown, E., Brugnera, R., Brunner, T., Burlac, N., Caden, E., Calgaro, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Capelli, C., Cardani, L., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cattadori, C. M., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Church, E., Cirigliano, V., Collister, R., Comellato, T., Dalmasson, J., D'Andrea, V., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Decowski, M. P., Demarteau, M., Peixoto, S. De Meireles, Detwiler, J. A., DeVoe, R. G., Di Domizio, S., Di Marco, N., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Efremenko, Yu., Elbeltagi, M., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W. M., Farine, J., Febbraro, M., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fields, D. E., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Franke, B., Fu, Y., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Garfagnini, A., Gingras, C., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gold, M., Gornea, R., Grant, C., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Gruszko, J., Guan, Y., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Hauptman, J., Heffner, M., Heeger, K. M., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hodak, R., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Huang, H. Z., Inoue, K., Jamil, A., Jochum, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kaizer, J., Karapetrov, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Kidd, M. F., Kishimoto, Y., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kontul, I., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Krucken, R., Kumar, K. S., Lang, K., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., Lippi, I., Liu, J., Macko, M., MacLellan, R., Macolino, C., Majidi, S., Mamedov, F., Masbou, J., Massarczyk, R., Mastbaum, A. T., Mayer, D., Mazumdar, A., Mei, D. M., Mei, Y., Meijer, S. J., Mereghetti, E., Mertens, S., Mistry, K., Mitsui, T., Moore, D. C., Morella, M., Nattress, J. T., Neuberger, M., Ngwadla, X. E., Nones, C., Novosad, V., Nygren, D. R., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ouellet, J. L., Overman, C., Pagani, L., Palusova, V., Para, A., Pavan, M., Perna, A., Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piepke, A., Piseri, P., Pocar, A., Povinec, P., Psihas, F., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramonnye, G. J, Rasiwala, H., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Richardson, G., Rielage, K., Rogers, L., Rowson, P. C., Rukhadze, E., Saakyan, R., Sada, C., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Saldanha, R., Salvat, D. J., Sangiorgio, S., Schaper, D. C., Schoenert, S., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, S. E., Shitov, Y., Simkovic, F., Singh, V., Slavickova, M., Sousa, A. C., Spadoni, F. L., Speller, D. H., Stekl, I., Sumathi, R. R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tayloe, R., Tornow, W., Torres, J. A., Totev, T. I., Triambak, S., Tyuka, O. A., Vasilyev, S. I., Velazquez, M., Viel, S., Vogl, C., von Strum, K., Wang, Q., Waters, D., Watkins, S. L., Watts, M., Wei, W. -Z., Welliver, B., Wen, Liangjian, Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Winslow, L., Wiseman, C., Wu, X., Xu, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yu, C. H., Zeman, J., Zennamo, J., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This White Paper, prepared for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting related to the 2023 Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan, makes the case for double beta decay as a critical component of the future nuclear physics program. The major experimental collaborations and many theorists have endorsed this white paper., Comment: white paper submitted for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting in support of the US Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning Process
Published: 2022

14. Status of the X17 search in Montreal

Author: Azuelos, G., Broerman, B., Bryman, D., Chen, W. C., da Luz, H. N., Doria, L., Gupta, A., Hamel, L-A., Laurin, M., Leach, K., Lefebvre, G., Martin, J-P., Robinson, A., Starinski, N., Sykora, R., Tiwari, D., Wichoski, U., and Zacek, V.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: At the Montreal Tandem accelerator, an experiment is being set up to measure internal pair creation from the decay of nuclear excited states using a multiwire proportional chamber and scintillator bars surrounding it from the DAPHNE experiment. The acceptance covers a solid angle of nearly 4$\pi$. Preamplifiers and the data acquisition hardware have been designed and tested. The water-cooled $^7$LiF target, mounted on an Al foil is in a thin carbon fiber section of the beamline. The experiment will focus at first on a measurement of the internal pair creation from the 18.15 MeV state of $^8$Be. Assuming the ATOMKI evaluation of the electron-pair production rate from X17, a Geant4 simulation predicts observation of a clear signal after about two weeks of data taking with a 2 $\mu$A proton beam. The IPC measurement could eventually be extended to the giant dipole resonance of $^8$Be, as well as to other nuclei, in particular to $^{10}$B., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings contribution, TRIUMF Ariel Workshop, May 25-27 2022
Published: 2022
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15. Collision-Induced Dissociation at TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science

Author: Jacobs, A., Andreoiu, C., Bergmann, J., Brunner, T., Dickel, T., Dillmann, I., Dunling, E., Flowerdew, J., Graham, L., Gwinner, G., Hockenbery, Z., Kootte, B., Lan, Y., Leach, K. G., Leistenschneider, E., Lykiardopoulou, E. M., Monier, V., Mukul, I., Paul, S. F., Plaß, W. R., Reiter, M. P., Scheidenberger, C., Thompson, R., Tracy, J. L, Will, C., Wieser, M. E., Yavor, M., Dilling, J., and Kwiatkowski, A. A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The performance of high-precision mass spectrometry of radioactive isotopes can often be hindered by large amounts of contamination, including molecular species, stemming from the production of the radioactive beam. In this paper, we report on the development of Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) as a means of background reduction for experiments at TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). This study was conducted to characterize the quality and purity of radioactive ion beams and the reduction of molecular contaminants to allow for mass measurements of radioactive isotopes to be done further from nuclear stability. This is the first demonstration of CID at an ISOL-type radioactive ion beam facility, and it is shown that molecular contamination can be reduced up to an order of magnitude., Comment: 7 pages 7 figures
Published: 2022
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16. Performance of novel VUV-sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers for nEXO

Author: Gallina, G., Guan, Y., Retiere, F., Cao, G., Bolotnikov, A., Kotov, I., Rescia, S., Soma, A. K., Tsang, T., Darroch, L., Brunner, T., Bolster, J., Cohen, J. R., Franco, T. Pinto, Gillis, W. C., Smalley, H. Peltz, Thibado, S., Pocar, A., Bhat, A., Jamil, A., Moore, D. C., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Arsenault, P., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lessard, G., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Margetak, P., Martel-Dion, P., Martin, L., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pletskova, N., Pratte, J. F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Raymond, K., Rebeiro, B. M., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tyuka, O. A., Vachon, F., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Visser, G., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xie, L., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu \beta \beta$), due to their response uniformity, monolithic sensitive volume, scalability to large target masses, and suitability for extremely low background operations. The nEXO collaboration has designed a tonne-scale time projection chamber that aims to search for 0$\nu \beta \beta$ of \ce{^{136}Xe} with projected half-life sensitivity of $1.35\times 10^{28}$~yr. To reach this sensitivity, the design goal for nEXO is $\leq$1\% energy resolution at the decay $Q$-value ($2458.07\pm 0.31$~keV). Reaching this resolution requires the efficient collection of both the ionization and scintillation produced in the detector. The nEXO design employs Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) to detect the vacuum ultra-violet, 175 nm scintillation light of liquid xenon. This paper reports on the characterization of the newest vacuum ultra-violet sensitive Fondazione Bruno Kessler VUVHD3 SiPMs specifically designed for nEXO, as well as new measurements on new test samples of previously characterised Hamamatsu VUV4 Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). Various SiPM and MPPC parameters, such as dark noise, gain, direct crosstalk, correlated avalanches and photon detection efficiency were measured as a function of the applied over voltage and wavelength at liquid xenon temperature (163~K). The results from this study are used to provide updated estimates of the achievable energy resolution at the decay $Q$-value for the nEXO design.
Published: 2022
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17. Improved Limit on Tensor Currents in the Weak Interaction from $^8$Li $\beta$ Decay

Author: Burkey, M. T., Savard, G., Gallant, A. T., Scielzo, N. D., Hirsh, T. Y., Varriano, L., Sargsyan, G. H., Launey, K. D., Brodeur, M., Burdette, D. P., Heckmaier, E., Joerres, K., Klimes, J. W., Kolos, K., Laminack, A., Leach, K. G., Levand, A. F., Longfellow, B., Maaß, B., Marley, S. T., Morgan, G. E., Mueller, P., Orford, R., Padgett, S. W., Galván, A. Pérez, Pierce, J. R., Ray, D., Segel, R., Siegl, K., Sharma, K. S., and Wang, B. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The electroweak interaction in the Standard Model (SM) is described by a pure vector-axial-vector structure, though any Lorentz-invariant component could contribute. In this work, we present the most precise measurement of tensor currents in the low-energy regime by examining the $\beta$-$\bar{\nu}$ correlation of trapped $^{8}$Li ions with the Beta-decay Paul Trap. We find $a_{\beta\nu} = -0.3325 \pm 0.0013_{stat} \pm 0.0019_{syst}$ at $1\sigma$ for the case of coupling to right-handed neutrinos $(C_T=-C_T')$, which is consistent with the SM prediction., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Published: 2022
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18. High-precision half-life determination of $^{14}$O via direct $\beta$ counting

Author: Sharma, S., Grinyer, G. F., Ball, G. C., Leslie, J. R., Svensson, C. E., Ali, F. A., Andreoiu, C., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Coleman, R., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, M. R., Dunlop, R., Garnsworthy, A. B., Fuakye, E. Gyabeng, Huber, G. M., Jigmeddorj, B., Kapoor, K., Laffoley, A. T., Leach, K. G., Long, J., MacLean, A. D., Natzke, C. R., Olaizola, B., Radich, A. J., Saei, N., Smallcombe, J. T., Talebitaher, A., Whitmore, K., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The half-life of the superallowed Fermi $\beta^+$ emitter $^{14}$O was determined to high precision via a direct $\beta$ counting experiment performed at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility at TRIUMF. The result, $T_{1/2}$($^{14}$O) = 70619.2(76) ms, is consistent with, but is more precise than, the world average obtained from 11 previous measurements. Combining the $^{14}$O half-life deduced in the present work with the previous most precise measurements of this quantity leads to a reduction in the overall uncertainty, by nearly a factor of 2. The new world average is $T_{1/2}$($^{14}$O) = 70619.6(63) ms with a reduced $\chi^2$ value of 0.87 obtained from 8 degrees of freedom., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal A
Published: 2022
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19. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies). Published in J. Phys. G as a Major Report
Published: 2022
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20. Development of a $^{127}$Xe calibration source for nEXO

Author: Lenardo, B. G., Hardy, C. A., Tsang, R. H. M., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Piepke, A., Triambak, S., Jamil, A., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cohen, J. R., Collister, R., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Hößl, J., House, A., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Perna, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. F., Priel, N., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rasiwala, H., Raymond, K., Richardson, G., Richman, M., Ringuette, J., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Tyuka, O. A., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Wamba, K., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wu, W. H., Yan, W., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We study a possible calibration technique for the nEXO experiment using a $^{127}$Xe electron capture source. nEXO is a next-generation search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) that will use a 5-tonne, monolithic liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The xenon, used both as source and detection medium, will be enriched to 90% in $^{136}$Xe. To optimize the event reconstruction and energy resolution, calibrations are needed to map the position- and time-dependent detector response. The 36.3 day half-life of $^{127}$Xe and its small $Q$-value compared to that of $^{136}$Xe $0\nu\beta\beta$ would allow a small activity to be maintained continuously in the detector during normal operations without introducing additional backgrounds, thereby enabling in-situ calibration and monitoring of the detector response. In this work we describe a process for producing the source and preliminary experimental tests. We then use simulations to project the precision with which such a source could calibrate spatial corrections to the light and charge response of the nEXO TPC., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022
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21. Isospin Mixing and the Cubic Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation in the Lowest T = 2, A = 32 Quintet

Author: Kamil, M., Triambak, S., Magilligan, A., García, A., Brown, B. A., Adsley, P., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Varela, A. Diaz, Faestermann, T., Garrett, P. E., Hertenberger, R., Kheswa, N. Y., Leach, K. G., Lindsay, R., Marín-Lámbarri, D. J., Moradi, F. Ghazi, Mukwevho, N. J., Neveling, R., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Papka, P., Pellegri, L., Pesudo, V., Rebeiro, B. M., Scheck, M., Smit, F. D., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) is known to break down in the first T = 2, A = 32 isospin quintet. In this work we combine high-resolution experimental data with state-of-the-art shell-model calculations to investigate isospin mixing as a possible cause for this violation. The experimental data are used to validate isospin-mixing matrix elements calculated with newly developed shell-model Hamiltonians. Our analysis shows that isospin mixing with nonanalog T = 1 states contributes to the IMME breakdown, making the requirement of an anomalous cubic term inevitable for the multiplet.
Published: 2022
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22. The BeEST Experiment: Searching for Beyond Standard Model Neutrinos using $^7$Be Decay in STJs

Author: Leach, K. G. and Friedrich, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Precision measurements of nuclear $\beta$ decay are among the most sensitive methods to probe beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics in the neutrino sector. In particular, momentum conservation between the emitted decay products in the final state is sensitive to any massive new physics that couples to the neutrino mass. One way to observe these momentum recoil effects experimentally is through high-precision measurements of electron-capture (EC) nuclear decay, where the final state only contains the neutrino and a recoiling atom. The BeEST experiment precisely measures the eV-scale radiation that follows the radioactive decay of $^7$Be implanted into sensitive superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) quantum sensors. STJs are ideally suited for measurements of this type due to their high resolution at the low recoil energies in EC decay, and their high-rate counting capabilities. We present the motivation for the BeEST experiment and describe the various phases of the project., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted as a proceeding for the 19th International Conference on Low-Temperature Detectors (LTD-19)
Published: 2021
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23. Kiloton-scale xenon detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay and other new physics searches

Author: Avasthi, A., Bowyer, T. W., Bray, C., Brunner, T., Catarineu, N., Church, E., Guenette, R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hayes, J. C., Heffner, M., Hertel, S. A., Humble, P. H., Jamil, A., Kim, S., Lang, R. F., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Lippincott, W. H., Marino, A., McKinsey, D. N., Miller, E. H., Moore, D. C., Mong, B., Monreal, B., Monzani, M. E., Olcina, I., Orrell, J. L., Pang, S., Pocar, A., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Stanford, C., and Visser, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Large detectors employing xenon are a leading technology in existing and planned searches for new physics, including searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) and dark matter. While upcoming detectors will employ target masses of a ton or more, further extending gas or liquid phase Xe detectors to the kton scale would enable extremely sensitive next-generation searches for rare phenomena. The key challenge to extending this technology to detectors well beyond the ton scale is the acquisition of the Xe itself. We describe the motivation for extending Xe time projection chambers (TPCs) to the kton scale and possible avenues for Xe acquisition that avoid existing supply chains. If acquisition of Xe in the required quantities is successful, kton-scale detectors of this type could enable a new generation of experiments, including searches for $0\nu\beta\beta$ at half-life sensitivities as long as $10^{30}$ yr., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures; published version
Published: 2021
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24. NEXO: Neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond $10^{28}$ year half-life sensitivity

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Czyz, S. A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, W. Gillis C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J-F., Priel, N., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment is designed to use a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon to search for the decay in $^{136}$Xe. Progress in the detector design, paired with higher fidelity in its simulation and an advanced data analysis, based on the one used for the final results of EXO-200, produce a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of $10^{28}$ years. Specifically, improvements have been made in the understanding of production of scintillation photons and charge as well as of their transport and reconstruction in the detector. The more detailed knowledge of the detector construction has been paired with more assays for trace radioactivity in different materials. In particular, the use of custom electroformed copper is now incorporated in the design, leading to a substantial reduction in backgrounds from the intrinsic radioactivity of detector materials. Furthermore, a number of assumptions from previous sensitivity projections have gained further support from interim work validating the nEXO experiment concept. Together these improvements and updates suggest that the nEXO experiment will reach a half-life sensitivity of $1.35\times 10^{28}$ yr at 90% confidence level in 10 years of data taking, covering the parameter space associated with the inverted neutrino mass ordering, along with a significant portion of the parameter space for the normal ordering scenario, for almost all nuclear matrix elements. The effects of backgrounds deviating from the nominal values used for the projections are also illustrated, concluding that the nEXO design is robust against a number of imperfections of the model., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, version accepted by Journal of Phys. G
Published: 2021
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25. Spectroscopy of states in $^{136}\rm{Ba}$ using the $^{138}\rm{Ba}(p,t)$ reaction

Author: Rebeiro, B. M., Triambak, S., Garrett, P. E., Ball, G. C., Lindsay, R., Adsley, P., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Diaz-Varela, A., Faestermann, T., Hertenberger, R., Jigmeddorj, B., Kamil, M., Leach, K. G., Mabika, P. Z., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orce, J. N., Radich, A., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Background: The $^{136}$Ba isotope is the daughter nucleus in $^{136}$Xe $\beta\beta$ decay. It also lies in a shape transitional region of the nuclear chart, making it a suitable candidate to test a variety of nuclear models. Purpose: To obtain spectroscopic information on states in $^{136}$Ba, which will allow a better understanding of its low-lying structure. These data may prove useful to constrain future $^{136}$Xe $\to$ $^{136}$Ba neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ decay matrix element calculations. Methods: A $^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(p,t)$ reaction was used to populate states in $^{136}$Ba up to approximately 4.6 MeV in excitation energy. The tritons were detected using a high-resolution Q3D magnetic spectrograph. A distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis was performed for the measured triton angular distributions. Results: One hundred and two excited states in $^{136}$Ba were observed, out of which fifty two are reported for the first time. Definite spin-parity assignments are made for twenty six newly observed states, while previously ambiguous assignments for twelve other states are resolved., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021
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26. Reflectivity of VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers in Liquid Xenon

Author: Wagenpfeil, M., Ziegler, T., Schneider, J., Fieguth, A., Murra, M., Schulte, D., Althueser, L., Huhmann, C., Weinheimer, C., Michel, T., Anton, G., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Croix, A. de St, Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gorham, A., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Martel-Dion, P., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Peregrina, M. Medina, Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richard, C., Richman, M., Ringuette, J., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Walent, M., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, L., and Zeldovich, O.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Silicon photomultipliers are regarded as a very promising technology for next-generation, cutting-edge detectors for low-background experiments in particle physics. This work presents systematic reflectivity studies of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) and other samples in liquid xenon at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths. A dedicated setup at the University of M\"unster has been used that allows to acquire angle-resolved reflection measurements of various samples immersed in liquid xenon with 0.45{\deg} angular resolution. Four samples are investigated in this work: one Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM, one FBK VUV-HD SiPM, one FBK wafer sample and one Large-Area Avalanche Photodiode (LA-APD) from EXO-200. The reflectivity is determined to be 25-36% at an angle of incidence of 20{\deg} for the four samples and increases to up to 65% at 70{\deg} for the LA-APD and the FBK samples. The Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM shows a decline with increasing angle of incidence. The reflectivity results will be incorporated in upcoming light response simulations of the nEXO detector., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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27. Testing isospin symmetry breaking in ab initio nuclear theory

Author: Martin, M. S., Stroberg, S. R., Holt, J. D., and Leach, K. G.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work we present the first steps towards benchmarking isospin symmetry breaking in ab initio nuclear theory for calculations of superallowed Fermi $\beta$-decay. Using the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group, we calculate b and c coefficients of the isobaric multiplet mass equation, starting from two different Hamiltonians constructed from chiral effective field theory. We compare results to experimental measurements for all T=1 isobaric analogue triplets of relevance to superallowed $\beta$-decay for masses A=10 to A=74 and find an overall agreement within approximately 250 keV of experimental data for both b and c coefficients. A greater level of accuracy, however, is obtained by a phenomenological Skyrme interaction or a classical charged-sphere estimate. Finally, we show that evolution of the valence-space operator does not meaningfully improve the quality of the coefficients with respect to experimental data, which indicates that higher-order many-body effects are likely not responsible for the observed discrepancies., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2021
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28. High-Precision Branching Ratio Measurement and Spin Assignment Implications for $^{62}$Ga Superallowed $\beta$ Decay

Author: MacLean, A. D., Laffoley, A. T., Svensson, C. E., Ball, G. C., Leslie, J. R., Andreoiu, C., Babu, A., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Bowry, M., Cheng, C., Cross, D. S., Diaz-Varela, A., Dillmann, I., Dunlop, M. R., Dunlop, R., Evitts, L. J., Finlay, P., Gillespie, S., Garnsworthy, A. B., Garrett, P. E., Gopaul, E., Griffin, C. J., Grinyer, G. F., Hackman, G., Henderson, J., Jigmeddorj, B., Leach, K. G., Kassanda, E., McAfee, J., Moukaddam, M., Natzke, C., Nittala, S., Olaizola, B., Park, J., Paxman, C., Pore, J. L., Porzio, C., Radich, A. J., Ruotsalainen, P., Saito, Y., Sharma, S., Smallcombe, J., Smith, J. K., Sultana, R., Turko, J., Williams, J., Yates, D., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A high-precision branching ratio measurement for the superallowed Fermi $\beta^{+}$ emitter $^{62}$Ga was performed with the Gamma-Ray Infrastructure for Fundamental Investigations of Nuclei (GRIFFIN) spectrometer at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) radioactive ion beam facility at TRIUMF. The high efficiency of the GRIFFIN spectrometer allowed 63 $\gamma$-ray transitions, with intensities down to $\approx$1 part per million (ppm) per $^{62}$Ga $\beta^{+}$ decay, to be placed in the level scheme of the daughter nucleus $^{62}$Zn, establishing the superallowed $\beta$ branching ratio for $^{62}$Ga decay to be 99.8577$^{+0.0023}_{-0.0029}\%$, a factor of 4 more precise than the previous world average. For several cascades, $\gamma-\gamma$ angular correlation measurements were performed to assign spins and/or determine the mixing ratios of transitions. In particular, the spin of the 2.342 MeV excited state in the daughter nucleus $^{62}$Zn was definitively assigned as $J = 0$. This assignment resolves a discrepancy between previous measurements and has important implications for the isospin symmetry breaking correction, $\delta_{C1}$, in $^{62}$Ga superallowed Fermi $\beta$ decay., Comment: A text label in Figure 12 has been corrected compared to the original submission
Published: 2020
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29. Spectroscopic study of $^{47}$Ca from the $\beta^-$ decay of $^{47}$K

Author: Smith, J. K., Garnsworthy, A. B., Pore, J. L., Andreoiu, C., MacLean, A. D., Chester, A., Beadle, Z., Ball, G. C., Bender, P. C., Bildstein, V., Braid, R., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, R., Evitts, L. J., Garrett, P. E., Hackman, G., Ilyushkin, S. V., Jigmeddorj, B., Kuhn, K., Laffoley, A. T., Leach, K. G., Miller, D., Mills, W. J., Moore, W., Moukaddam, M., Olaizola, B., Peters, E. E., Radich, A. J., Rand, E. T., Sarazin, F., Svensson, C. E., Williams, S. J., and Yates, S. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The $\beta^-$ decay of $^{47}$K to $^{47}$Ca is an appropriate mechanism for benchmarking interactions spanning the $sd$ and $pf$ shells, but current knowledge of the $\beta^-$-decay scheme is limited. We have performed a high-resolution, high-efficiency study of the $\beta^-$-decay of $^{47}$K with the GRIFFIN spectrometer at TRIUMF-ISAC. The study revealed 48 new transitions, a more precise value for the $^{47}$K half-life (17.38(3)~s), and new spin and parity assignments for eight excited states. Levels placed for the first time here raise the highest state observed in $\beta^-$ decay to within 568(3) keV of the $Q$-value and confirm the previously measured large $\beta^-$-decay branching ratios to the low-lying states. Previously unobserved $\beta^-$-feeding to 3/2$^+$ states between 4.5 and 6.1~MeV excitation energy was identified with a total $\beta^-$-feeding intensity of 1.29(2)\%. The sum of the $B(GT)$ values for these states indicates that the $1s_{1/2}$ proton hole strength near this excitation energy is comparable to the previously known $1s_{1/2}$ proton and neutron hole strengths near 2.6 MeV.
Published: 2020
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30. Absence of Low-Energy Shape Coexistence in $^{80}$Ge: The Nonobservation of a Proposed Excited 0$_2^+$ Level at 639 keV

Author: Garcia, F. H., Andreoiu, C., Ball, G. C., Bell, A., Garnsworthy, A. B., Nowacki, F., Petrache, C. M., Poves, A., Whitmore, K., Ali, F. A., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bowry, M., Coleman, R. J., Dillmann, I., Djianto, I., Forney, A. M., Gascoine, M., Hackman, G., Leach, K. G., Murphy, A. N., Natzke, C. R., Olaizola, B., Ortner, K., Peters, E. E., Rajabali, M. M., Raymond, K., Svensson, C. E., Umashankar, R., Williams, J., and Yates, D.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The $^{80}$Ge structure was investigated in a high-statistics $\beta$-decay experiment of $^{80}$Ga using the GRIFFIN spectrometer at TRIUMF-ISAC through $\gamma$, $\beta$-$e$, $e$-$\gamma$ and $\gamma$-$\gamma$ spectroscopy. No evidence was found for the recently reported 0$_2^{+}$ 639-keV level suggested as evidence for low-energy shape coexistence in $^{80}$Ge. Large-scale shell model calculations performed in $^{78,80,82}$Ge place the $0^{+}_{2}$ level in $^{80}$Ge at 2\,MeV. The new experimental evidence combined with shell model predictions indicate that low-energy shape coexistence is not present in $^{80}$Ge.
Published: 2020
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31. Limits on the Existence of sub-MeV Sterile Neutrinos from the Decay of $^7$Be in Superconducting Quantum Sensors

Author: Friedrich, S., Kim, G. B., Bray, C., Cantor, R., Dilling, J., Fretwell, S., Hall, J. A., Lennarz, A., Lordi, V., Machule, P., McKeen, D., Mougeot, X., Ponce, F., Ruiz, C., Samanta, A., Warburton, W. K., and Leach, K. G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Sterile neutrinos are natural extensions to the standard model of particle physics and provide a possible portal to the dark sector. We report a new search for the existence of sub-MeV sterile neutrinos using the decay-momentum reconstruction technique in the decay of $^7$Be. The experiment measures the total energy of the $^7$Li daughter atom from the electron capture decay of $^7$Be implanted into sensitive superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) quantum sensors. This first experiment presents data from a single STJ operated at a low count rate for a net total of 28 days, and provides exclusion limits on sterile neutrinos in the mass range from 100 to 850 keV that improve upon previous work by up to an order of magnitude., Comment: 7 pages. 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2020
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32. Event Reconstruction in a Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber with an Optically-Open Field Cage

Author: Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J. P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment using liquid ${}^{136}Xe$ (LXe) in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to read out ionization and scintillation signals. Between the field cage and the LXe vessel, a layer of LXe ("skin" LXe) is present, where no ionization signal is collected. Only scintillation photons are detected, owing to the lack of optical barrier around the field cage. In this work, we show that the light originating in the skin LXe region can be used to improve background discrimination by 5% over previous published estimates. This improvement comes from two elements. First, a fraction of the $\gamma$-ray background is removed by identifying light from interactions with an energy deposition in the skin LXe. Second, background from ${}^{222}Rn$ dissolved in the skin LXe can be efficiently rejected by tagging the $\alpha$ decay in the ${}^{214}Bi-{}^{214}Po$ chain in the skin LXe., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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33. Direct measurement of the $^7$Be $L/K$ capture ratio in Ta-based superconducting tunnel junctions

Author: Fretwell, S., Leach, K. G., Bray, C., Kim, G. B., Dilling, J., Lennarz, A., Mougeot, X., Ponce, F., Ruiz, C., Stackhouse, J., and Friedrich, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report a high-statistics measurement of the $L/K$ orbital electron capture (EC) ratio in $^7$Be embedded in cryogenic Ta. The thin Ta film formed part of a high-resolution superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) radiation detector that was used to identify the signals from different decay channels. The measured $L/K$ capture ratio of 0.070(7) is significantly larger than the only previous measurement of this quantity and the theoretical predictions that include in-medium effects. This value is a uniquely sensitive probe of the 1s and 2s orbital overlaps with the nucleus, and is of relevance to nuclear and atomic physics, as well as Li production in novae and other astrophysical scenarios. This is the first experiment that uses STJs for nuclear-recoil detection, opening a new experimental avenue for low-energy precision measurements with rare isotopes., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2020
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34. Benchmarking $^{136}$Xe Neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ Decay Matrix Element Calculations with the $^{138}{\rm Ba}(p,t)$ Reaction

Author: Rebeiro, B. M., Triambak, S., Garrett, P. E., Brown, B. A., Ball, G. C., Lindsay, R., Adsley, P., Bildstein, V., Burbadge, C., Varela, A. Diaz, Faestermann, T., Fang, D. L., Hertenberger, R., Horoi, M., Jigmeddorj, B., Kamil, M., Leach, K. G., Mabika, P. Z., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orce, J. N., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We used a high-resolution magnetic spectrograph to study neutron pair-correlated $0^+$ states in $^{136}$Ba, produced via the $^{138}{\rm Ba}(p,t)$ reaction. In conjunction with state-of-the-art shell model calculations, these data benchmark part of the dominant Gamow-Teller component of the nuclear matrix element (NME) for $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay. We demonstrate for the first time an evaluation of part of a $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay NME by use of an experimental observable, presenting a new avenue of approach for more accurate calculations of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay matrix elements.
Published: 2020
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35. Detailed spectroscopy of $^{46}$Ca: A study of the $\beta^-$ decay of $^{46}$K

Author: Pore, J. L., Andreoiu, C., Smith, J. K., MacLean, A. D., Chester, A., Holt, J. D., Ball, G. C., Bender, P. C., Bildstein, V., Braid, R., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, R., Evitts, L. J., Garnsworthy, A. B., Garrett, P. E., Hackman, G., Ilyushkin, S. V., Jigmeddorj, B., Kuhn, K., Kunz, P., Laffoley, A. T., Leach, K. G., Miller, D., Mills, W. J., Moore, W., Moukaddam, M., Morrison, L. N., Olaizola, B., Peters, E. E., Radich, A. J., Rand, E. T., Sarazin, F., Southall, D., Svensson, C. E., Williams, S. J., and Yates, S. W.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on high-statistics data from the $\beta^-$ decay of the $^{46}$K $J^{\pi}$ = 2$^-$ ground state taken with the GRIFFIN spectrometer located at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. In total, 199 $\gamma$ rays and 42 excited states were placed in the level scheme, and from the observed $\beta$ feeding and angular correlations of pairs of cascading $\gamma$ rays, it was possible to assign spins and parities to excited states and determine mixing ratios for selected $\gamma$ rays. The level structure of $^{46}$Ca is compared to theoretical predictions from a microscopic valence-space Hamiltonian derived from two- (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) forces. These calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the protons in this region are not as inert as would be expected for semi-magic nuclei.
Published: 2019
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36. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author: Lv, P., Cao, G. F., Wen, L. J., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. We report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in a vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 nm to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of a FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.
Published: 2019
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37. Characterization of Non-uniformities in Superconducting Tunnel Junction Radiation Detectors

Author: Friedrich, S., Marino, A., Ponce, F., Carpenter, M. F., Kim, G.-B., Drury, O. B., Drake, J., Bray, C. R., Fretwell, S., Leach, K. G., Harris, J., Warburton, W. K., Hall, J. A., and Cantor, R.
Published: 2022
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38. Monte Carlo Simulations of Superconducting Tunnel Junction Quantum Sensors for the BeEST Experiment

Author: Bray, C. E., Hiller, L. J., Leach, K. G., and Friedrich, S.
Published: 2022
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39. The BeEST Experiment: Searching for Beyond Standard Model Neutrinos Using 7Be Decay in STJs

Author: Leach, K. G. and Friedrich, S.
Published: 2022
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40. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author: Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K. S., Rao, T., Wager, T., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hossl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retiere, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are $1.97 \pm 0.04$ mm/$\mu$s and $(-0.69\pm0.05)$\%/K for liquid xenon, and $1.42 \pm 0.03$ mm/$\mu$s and $(+0.11\pm0.01)$\%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of $25.7 \pm 4.6$ cm$^2$/s and $149 \pm 23$ cm$^2$/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.
Published: 2019
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41. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Author: Nakarmi, P., Ostrovskiy, I., Soma, A. K., Retiere, F., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößle, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, l J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, r V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST
Published: 2019
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42. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author: Li, Z., Cen, W. R., Robinson, A., Moore, D. C., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed experiment to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in a tonne-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The nEXO TPC will be equipped with charge collection tiles to form the anode. In this work, the charge reconstruction performance of this anode design is studied with a dedicated simulation package. A multi-variate method and a deep neural network are developed to distinguish simulated $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from backgrounds arising from trace levels of natural radioactivity in the detector materials. These simulations indicate that the nEXO TPC with charge-collection tiles shows promising capability to discriminate the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal from backgrounds. The estimated half-life sensitivity for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is improved by $\sim$20$~(32)\%$ with the multi-variate~(deep neural network) methods considered here, relative to the sensitivity estimated in the nEXO pre-conceptual design report.
Published: 2019
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43. Direct observation of proton emission in 11Be

Author: Ayyad, Y., Olaizola, B., Mittig, W., Potel, G., Zelevinsky, V., Horoi, M., Beceiro-Novo, S., Alcorta, M., Andreoiu, C., Ahn, T., Anholm, M., Atar, L., Babu, A., Bazin, D., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bowry, M., Caballero-Folch, R., Cortesi, M., Dalitz, C., Dunling, E., Garnsworthy, A. B., Holl, M., Kootte, B., Leach, K. G., Randhawa, J. S., Saito, Y., Santamaria, C., Šiuryte, P., Svensson, C. E., Umashankar, R., Watwood, N., and Yates, D.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The elusive $\beta^-\text{p}^+$ decay was observed in $^{11}$Be by directly measuring the emitted protons and their energy distribution for the first time with the prototype Active Target Time Projection Chamber (pAT-TPC) in an experiment performed at ISAC-TRIUMF. The measured $\beta^-\text{p}^+$ branching ratio is orders of magnitude larger than any previous theoretical model predicted. This can be explained by the presence of a narrow resonance in $^{11}$B above the proton separation energy.
Published: 2019
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44. Isospin symmetry in $B(E2)$ values: Coulomb excitation study of ${}^{21}$Mg

Author: Ruotsalainen, P., Henderson, J., Hackman, G., Sargsyan, G. H., Launey, K. D., Saxena, A., Srivastava, P. C., Stroberg, S. R., Grahn, T., Pakarinen, J., Ball, G. C., Julin, R., Greenlees, P. T., Smallcombe, J., Andreoiu, C., Bernier, N., Bowry, M., Buckner, M., Caballero-Folch, R., Chester, A., Cruz, S., Evitts, L. J., Frederick, R., Garnsworthy, A. B., Holl, M., Kurkjian, A., Kisliuk, D., Leach, K. G., McGee, E., Measures, J., Mücher, D., Park, J., Sarazin, F., Smith, J. K., Southall, D., Starosta, K., Svensson, C. E., Whitmore, K., Williams, M., and Wu, C. Y.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The $T_z$~=~$-\frac{3}{2}$ nucleus ${}^{21}$Mg has been studied by Coulomb excitation on ${}^{196}$Pt and ${}^{110}$Pd targets. A 205.6(1)-keV $\gamma$-ray transition resulting from the Coulomb excitation of the $\frac{5}{2}^+$ ground state to the first excited $\frac{1}{2}^+$ state in ${}^{21}$Mg was observed for the first time. Coulomb excitation cross-section measurements with both targets and a measurement of the half-life of the $\frac{1}{2}^+$ state yield an adopted value of $B(E2;\frac{5}{2}^+\rightarrow\frac{1}{2}^+)$~=~13.3(4)~W.u. A new excited state at 1672(1)~keV with tentative $\frac{9}{2}^+$ assignment was also identified in ${}^{21}$Mg. This work demonstrates large difference of the $B(E2;\frac{5}{2}^+\rightarrow\frac{1}{2}^+)$ values between $T$~=~$\frac{3}{2}$, $A$~=~21 mirror nuclei. The difference is investigated in the shell-model framework employing both isospin conserving and breaking USD interactions and using modern \textsl{ab initio} nuclear structure calculations, which have recently become applicable in the $sd$ shell., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, Rapid Communication
Published: 2018
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45. Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Gallium Isotopes Refine Production of Nuclei of the First r-Process Abundance Peak in Neutron Star Merger Calculations

Author: Reiter, M. P., Andrés, S. Ayet San, Nikas, S., Lippuner, J., Andreoiu, C., Babcock, C., Barquest, B. R., Bollig, J., Brunner, T., Dickel, T., Dilling, J., Dillmann, I., Dunling, E., Gwinner, G., Graham, L., Hornung, C., Klawitter, R., Kootte, B., Kwiatkowski, A. A., Lan, Y., Lascar, D., Leach, K. G., Leistenschneider, E., Martínez-Pinedo, G., McKay, J. E., Paul, S. F., Plaß, W. R., Roberts, L., Schatz, H., Scheidenberger, C., Sieverding, A., Steinbrügge, R., Thompson, R., Wieser, M. E., Will, C., and Welch, D.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report mass measurements of neutron-rich Ga isotopes $^{80-85}$Ga with TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). The measurements determine the masses of $^{80-83}$Ga in good agreement with previous measurements. The masses of $^{84}$Ga and $^{85}$Ga were measured for the first time. Uncertainties between $25-48$ keV were reached. The new mass values reduce the nuclear uncertainties associated with the production of A $\approx$ 84 isotopes by the \emph{r}-process for astrophysical conditions that might be consistent with a binary neutron star (BNS) merger producing a blue kilonova. Our nucleosynthesis simulations confirm that BNS merger may contribute to the first abundance peak under moderate neutron-rich conditions with electron fractions $Y_e=0.35-0.38$.
Published: 2018
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46. High-resolution (p,t) reaction measurements as spectroscopic tests of {\it ab-initio} theory in the mid $pf$-shell

Author: Leach, K. G., Holt, J. D., Garrett, P. E., Stroberg, S. R., Ball, G. C., Bender, P. C., Bildstein, V., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, R., Faestermann, T., Hadinia, B., Hertenberger, R., Jamieson, D. S., Jigmeddorj, B., Krücken, R., Laffoley, A. T., Radich, A. J., Rand, E. T., Svensson, C. E., Triambak, S., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Detailed spectroscopic measurements of excited states in $^{50}$Cr and $^{62}$Zn were performed using 24~MeV (p,t) transfer reactions on $^{52}$Cr and $^{64}$Zn, respectively. In total, forty-five states in $^{50}$Cr and sixty-seven states in $^{62}$Zn were observed up to excitation energies of 5.5~MeV, including several previously unobserved states. These experimental results are compared to {\it ab-initio} shell-model calculations using chiral effective field theory ($\chi$-EFT) with the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group (VS-IMSRG) method. This comparison demonstrates good agreement in the level orderings with these new theoretical methods, albeit with a slight over binding in the calculations. This work is part of a continued push to benchmark {\it ab-initio} theoretical techniques to nuclear structure data in $0^+\rightarrow0^+$ superallowed Fermi $\beta$ decay systems., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review C as a Regular Article. 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
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47. The GRIFFIN Facility for Decay-Spectroscopy Studies at TRIUMF-ISAC

Author: Garnsworthy, A. B., Svensson, C. E., Bowry, M., Dunlop, R., MacLean, A. D., Olaizola, B., Smith, J. K., Ali, F. A., Andreoiu, C., Ash, J. E., Ashfield, W. H., Ball, G. C., Ballast, T., Bartlett, C., Beadle, Z., Bender, P. C., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Bishop, D., Boubel, P., Braid, R., Brennan, D., Bruhn, T., Burbadge, C., Cheeseman, A., Chester, A., Churchman, R., Ciccone, S., Caballero-Folch, R., Cross, D. S., Cruz, S., Davids, B., Varela, A. Diaz, Dillmann, I., Dunlop, M. R., Evitts, L. J., Garcia, F. H., Garrett, P. E., Georges, S., Gillespie, S., Gudapati, R., Hackman, G., Hadinia, B., Hallam, S., Henderson, J., Ilyushkin, S. V., Jigmeddorj, B., Kilic, A. I., Kisliuk, D., Kokke, R., Kuhn, K., Kruecken, R., Kuwabara, M., Laffoley, A. T., Lafleur, R., Leach, K. G., Leslie, J. R., Linn, Y., Lim, C., MacConnachie, E., Mathews, A. R., McGee, E., Measures, J., Miller, D., Mills, W. J., Moore, W., Morris, D., Morrison, L. N., Moukaddam, M., Natzke, C. R., Ortner, K., Padilla-Rodal, E., Paetkau, O., Park, J., Patel, H. P., Pearson, C. J., Peters, E., Peters, E. E., Pore, J. L., Radich, A. J., Rajabali, M. M., Rand, E. T., Raymond, K., Rizwan, U., Ruotsalainen, P., Saito, Y., Sarazin, F., Shaw, B., Smallcombe, J., Southall, D., Starosta, K., Ticu, M., Timakova, E., Turko, J., Umashankar, R., Unsworth, C., Wang, Z. M., Whitmore, K., Wong, S., Yates, S. W., Zganjar, E. F., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Gamma-Ray Infrastructure For Fundamental Investigations of Nuclei, GRIFFIN, is a new high-efficiency $\gamma$-ray spectrometer designed for use in decay spectroscopy experiments with low-energy radioactive ion beams provided by TRIUMF's Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC-I) facility. GRIFFIN is composed of sixteen Compton-suppressed large-volume clover-type high-purity germanium (HPGe) $\gamma$-ray detectors combined with a suite of ancillary detection systems and coupled to a custom digital data acquisition system. The infrastructure and detectors of the spectrometer as well as the performance characteristics and the analysis techniques applied to the experimental data are described.
Published: 2018
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48. High-Precision Half-life Measurement for the Superallowed Fermi $\beta^+$ Emitter $^{22}$Mg

Author: Dunlop, M. R., Svensson, C. E., Ball, G. C., Leslie, J. R., Andreoiu, C., Bernier, N., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Bowry, M., Burbadge, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, R., Garnsworthy, A. B., Garrett, P. E., Hackman, G., Jigmeddorj, B., Leach, K. G., MacLean, A. D., Olaizola, B., Measures, J., Natzke, C., Saito, Y., Smith, J. K., Turko, J., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A high-precision half-life measurement for the superallowed Fermi $\beta^+$ emitter $^{22}$Mg was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility using a 4$\pi$ proportional gas counter. The result of $T_{1/2} = 3.87400 \pm 0.00079$ s is a factor of 3 more precise than the previously adopted world average and resolves a discrepancy between the two previously published $^{22}$Mg half-life measurements., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2017
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49. Dawning of the N=32 shell closure seen through precision mass measurements of neutron-rich titanium isotopes

Author: Leistenschneider, E., Reiter, M. P., Andrés, S. Ayet San, Kootte, B., Holt, J. D., Navrátil, P., Babcock, C., Barbieri, C., Barquest, B. R., Bergmann, J., Bollig, J., Brunner, T., Dunling, E., Finlay, A., Geissel, H., Graham, L., Greiner, F., Hergert, H., Hornung, C., Jesch, C., Klawitter, R., Lan, Y., Lascar, D., Leach, K. G., Lippert, W., McKay, J. E., Paul, S. F., Schwenk, A., Short, D., Simonis, J., Somà, V., Steinbrügge, R., Stroberg, S. R., Thompson, R., Wieser, M. E., Will, C., Yavor, M., Andreoiu, C., Dickel, T., Dillmann, I., Gwinner, G., Plaß, W. R., Scheidenberger, C., Kwiatkowski, A. A., and Dilling, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: A precision mass investigation of the neutron-rich titanium isotopes $^{51-55}$Ti was performed at TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). The range of the measurements covers the $N=32$ shell closure and the overall uncertainties of the $^{52-55}$Ti mass values were significantly reduced. Our results confirm the existence of a weak shell effect at $N=32$, establishing the abrupt onset of this shell closure. Our data were compared with state-of-the-art \textit{ab-initio} shell model calculations which, despite very successfully describing where the $N=32$ shell gap is strong, overpredict its strength and extent in titanium and heavier isotones. These measurements also represent the first scientific results of TITAN using the newly commissioned Multiple-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS), substantiated by independent measurements from TITAN's Penning trap mass spectrometer.
Published: 2017
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50. High-precision $Q_{EC}$-value measurement of the superallowed $\beta^+$ emitter $^{22}$Mg and an evaluation of the $A=22$ isobaric triplet

Author: Reiter, M. P., Leach, K. G., Drozdowski, O. M., Stroberg, S. R., Holt, J. D., Andreoiu, C., Babcock, C., Barquest, B., Brodeur, M., Finlay, A., Foster, M., Gallant, A. T., Gwinner, G., Klawitter, R., Kootte, B., Kwiatkowski, A. A, Lan, Y., Lascar, D., Leistenschneider, E., Lennarz, A., Paul, S., Steinbrügge, R., Thompson, R. I., Wieser, M., and Dilling, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: A direct $Q_{EC}$-value measurement of the superallowed $\beta^+$ emitter $^{22}$Mg was performed using TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). The direct ground-state to ground-state atomic mass difference between $^{22}$Mg and $^{22}$Na was determined to be $Q_{EC}=4781.40(22)$~keV, representing the most precise single measurement of this quantity to date. In a continued push towards calculating superallowed isospin-symmetry-breaking (ISB) corrections from first principles, ab-initio shell-model calculations of the $A=22$ IMME are also presented for the first time using the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group formalism. With particular starting two- and three-nucleon forces, this approach demonstrates a level of agreement with the experimental data that suggests reliable ab-initio calculations of superallowed ISB corrections are now possible.
Published: 2017
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