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270 results on '"LeBlanc, Stephen J."'

12. An investigation of the effects of ketoprofen following rumen fistulation surgery in lactating dairy cows.

Author

Newby, Nathalie C, Tucker, Cassandra B, Pearl, David L, LeBlanc, Stephen J, Leslie, Ken E, von Keyserlingk, Marina AG, and Duffield, Todd F

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Animal Production, Pain Research, Chronic Pain, 6.4 Surgery, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Musculoskeletal, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cattle, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Female, Ketoprofen, Pain, Postoperative, Rumen, Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary sciences
Abstract

Post-operative pain management following rumen surgery is not common practice. We examined the effect of providing the pain medication ketoprofen to dairy cattle following the first stage of a rumen cannulation surgery, which involves an incision in the body wall and exteriorizing and clamping the rumen. The results of this study provide clear evidence that the first stage of the surgery was painful and ketoprofen at the time of and 24 h following surgery, alleviated some, but not all, of the post-surgical pain. Pain mitigation should be included when performing flank surgery in cattle.

Published
2014

19. Reproductive tract size and position score: Estimation of genetic parameters for a novel fertility trait in dairy cows

Author

Martin, Audrey A A, de Oliveira, Gerson, Madureira, Augusto M L, Miglior, Filippo, LeBlanc, Stephen J, Cerri, Ronaldo L A, Baes, Christine F, and Schenkel, Flavio S

Subjects
630 Agriculture, Reproduction, Bayes Theorem, Fertility, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, 590 Animals (Zoology), Cattle, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science
Abstract

The dairy industry is moving toward selecting animals with better fertility to decrease the economic losses linked to reproductive issues. The reproductive tract size and position score (SPS) was recently developed in physiological studies as an indicator of pregnancy rate and the number of services to conception. Cows are scored as SPS 1, 2, or 3 based on the size of their reproductive tract and its position in the pelvis, as determined by transrectal palpation. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for SPS to assess its potential as a novel fertility trait. Phenotypes were collected at the University of British Columbia's research herd from 2017 to 2020, consisting of 3,247 within- and across-lactation SPS records from 490 Holstein cows. A univariate animal model was used to estimate the variance components for SPS. Both threshold and linear models were fit under a Bayesian approach and the results were compared using the Spearman rank correlation (r) between the estimated breeding values. The 2 models ranked the animals very similarly (r = 0.99), and the linear model was selected for further analysis. Genetic correlations with other currently evaluated traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. The posterior means (± posterior standard deviation) for heritability and repeatability within- and across-lactation were 0.113 (± 0.013), 0.242 (± 0.012), and 0.134 (± 0.014), respectively. The SPS showed null correlations with production traits and favorable correlations with traditional fertility traits, varying from -0.730 (nonreturn rate) to 0.931 (number of services). Although preliminary, these results are encouraging because SPS seems to be more heritable than and strongly genetically correlated with number of services, nonreturn rate, and first service to conception, indicating potential for effective indirect selection response on these traits from SPS genetic selection. Therefore, further studies with larger data sets to validate these findings are warranted.

Published
2022

26. Effects of source of supplementary trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on reproductive biology and performance in dairy cows

Author

Mion, Bruna, Madureira, Guilherme, Sprícigo, Jose F. W., King, Kristina, Van Winters, Bryn, LaMarre, Jonathan, LeBlanc, Stephen J., Steele, Michael A., and Ribeiro, Eduardo S.

Abstract

Supplementary tables of the article entitled'Effects of source of supplementary trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on reproductive biology and performance in dairy cows' published in 2023 in the Journal of Dairy Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22784 Authors: B. Mion,G. Madureira,J. F. W. Spricigo,K. King,B. Van Winters,J. LaMarre,S. J. LeBlanc, M. A. Steele,and E. S. Ribeiro

Published
2023
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28. Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in the pre- and postpartum diets on mineral status, antioxidant biomarkers, and health of dairy cows

Author

Mion, Bruna, primary, Ogilvie, Lori, additional, Van Winters, Bryn, additional, Spricigo, Jose F W, additional, Anan, Sanjana, additional, Duplessis, Mélissa, additional, McBride, Brian W, additional, LeBlanc, Stephen J, additional, Steele, Michael A, additional, and Ribeiro, Eduardo de Souza, additional

Published
2023
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30. Genesis of clinical and subclinical endometritis in dairy cows.

Author

Pascottini, Osvaldo Bogado, LeBlanc, Stephen J., Gnemi, Giovanni, Leroy, Jo L. M. R., and Opsomer, Geert

Subjects
DAIRY cattle, ENDOMETRITIS, ACETONEMIA, GENITALIA, LYSIS, UTERINE diseases
Abstract

In brief: Clinical and subclinical endometritis are different manifestations of reproductive tract inflammatory disease in dairy cows. This review addresses the genesis of clinical and subclinical endometritis considering metabolic stress, innate immune dysfunction, and shifts in the composition of the uterine microbiota in the postpartum period. Up to half of dairy cows may develop one or more types of reproductive tract inflammatory disease within 5 weeks after calving. Clinical endometritis (CE) results from uterine bacterial dysbiosis with increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria associated with luminal epithelial damage. These bacteria cause endometrial stromal cell lysis, followed by massive polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration, and pyogenesis. CE is defined as endometrial inflammation accompanied by purulent discharge. Purulent discharge is not always accompanied by uterine inflammation (being (rarely) vaginitis or (commonly) cervicitis), hence referred to as purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is an asymptomatic uterine disease defined by a threshold of PMN on cytology that is associated with worse reproductive performance; it has not been linked with bacterial dysbiosis. Current evidence suggests that SCE is a result of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction that impairs innate immune function and the ability of endometrial PMN to undergo apoptosis, necrosis, and ultimately achieve resolution of inflammation. CE and SCE are diagnosed between 3 and 5 weeks postpartum and commonly overlap, but they are considered distinct manifestations of reproductive tract inflammatory disease. This review addresses the genesis of CE and SCE in postpartum dairy cows considering metabolic stress, innate immune dysfunction, and shifts in the composition of the uterine microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial use and treatment decision for preweaning Canadian dairy calves

Author

Uyama, Tamaki, primary, Kelton, David F., additional, Morrison, Emma I., additional, de Jong, Ellen, additional, McCubbin, Kayley D., additional, Barkema, Herman W., additional, Dufour, Simon, additional, Sanchez, Javier, additional, Heider, Luke C., additional, LeBlanc, Stephen J., additional, Winder, Charlotte B., additional, McClure, J.T., additional, and Renaud, David L., additional

Published
2022
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48. Effect of Implementation of a Systematic Reproduction Management Program in Dairy Herds

Author

LeBlanc, Stephen J.

Abstract

The objective of this field study was to measure the effect of implementing a simple systematic reproduction management program in dairy herds with reproductive performance near or below typical in the industry. Thirty-nine herds across Canada that had annual herd 21-day pregnancy rates (PR) between 8 and 15%, and did not have a systematic reproduction program, were enrolled in a program that consisted of: enrollment of cows that were not inseminated by 70 days-in-milk into a timed insemination program (Ovsynch); enrollment of cows diagnosed not pregnant on Ovsynch; and a change to biweekly veterinary visits for reproductive management. Annual herd PR was compared one year after implementation of the program. On average, the systematic management program was associated with a mean increase in PR of 3.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 4. 7; P, The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 42, No. 2 (2008 Summer)

Published
2019
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