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Objectives: Pregnant women and new mothers are among the most vulnerable to seasonal influenza; however, little is known about their preferences for flu vaccination. We examined the rural–urban differences in uptake, demand and willingness to pay (WTP) for influenza vaccination among women of childbearing age, to assess the feasibility of implementing locally produced vaccines in Vietnam. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed in both urban and rural areas of Hanoi in 2018. Socio‐demographic characteristics, history of vaccination, demand and WTP for influenza vaccines were obtained. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the associated factors. Results: Of 750 participants, 29.9% had had flu shots in the current or previous flu season and 64.3% indicated demand for this vaccine. The median of the maximum amount of WTP for influenza vaccination services was US$ 8.5 (IQR: 8.5–17.0). Women living in rural areas had a significantly lower uptake and higher demand, and were willing to pay less than women in urban locations (21.1% vs. 36.6%; 69% vs. 60.2%; and US $8.5 vs. US $11.7, respectively). For urban participants, factors associated with higher demand and WTP for flu shots included having ANC in health facilities and having been vaccinated against influenza in the past; for rural women, these factors were having suffered from influenza and hearing about it. Conclusions: This study informs the feasibility of implementing locally produced influenza vaccines in Vietnam. Educational programs, along with counselling services and government subsidies, should be implemented to improve the coverage, demand and WTP for the vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Mechanism for HCCO+OH was studied with CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO and W1U. [•] The CO+ 1,3HCOH products were found to be dominant over broad T,P-conditions. [•] Product branching ratios have been predicted by variational RRKM calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Optimization algorithms (OAs) are a vital tool to deal with complex problems, and the improvement of OA is inseparable from practical strategies and mechanisms. Among the OAs, Bee Algorithm (BA) is an intelligent algorithm with a simple mechanism and easy implementation, in which effectiveness has been proven when handling optimization problems. Nevertheless, BA still has some fundamental drawbacks, which can hinder its effectiveness and accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel approach to tackle the shortcomings of BA by combining it with Genetic Algorithm (GA). The main intention is to combine the strengths of both optimization techniques, which are the exploitative search ability of BA and the robustness with the crossover and mutation capacity of GA. An investigation of a real-life suspension footbridge is considered to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. A baseline Finite Element model of the bridge is constructed based on vibration measurement data and model updating, which is used to generate different hypothetical damage scenarios. The proposed HBGA is tested against BA, GA, and PSO to showcase its effectiveness in detecting damage for each scenario. The results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in dealing with the damage assessment problems of SHM., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The expression of emotions in human communication plays a very important role in the information that needs to be conveyed to the partner. The forms of expression of human emotions are very rich. It could be body language, facial expressions, eye contact, laughter, and tone of voice. The languages of the world's peoples are different, but even without understanding a language in communication, people can almost understand part of the message that the other partner wants to convey with emotional expressions as mentioned. Among the forms of human emotional expression, the expression of emotions through voice is perhaps the most studied. This article presents our research on speech emotion recognition using deep neural networks such as CNN, CRNN, and GRU. We used the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) corpus for the study with four emotions: anger, happiness, sadness, and neutrality. The feature parameters used for recognition include the Mel spectral coefficients and other parameters related to the spectrum and the intensity of the speech signal. The data augmentation was used by changing the voice and adding white noise. The results show that the GRU model gave the highest average recognition accuracy of 97.47%. This result is superior to existing studies on speech emotion recognition with the IEMOCAP corpus.

Waste plastic today is a global threat. The rapid increase in global production and use has led to increasing quantities of plastics in industrial and municipal waste streams. While in industrialized countries plastic waste is taken up by a waste management system and at least partly recycled, in low-income countries adequate infrastructure to collect and treat waste adequately is often not in place. This paper analyzes how plastic waste is handled in Vietnam, a country with a fast-growing industry and growing consumption. The recycling of plastic waste typically takes place in an informal context. To demonstrate this in more detail, two rural settlements-so-called craft villages-are taken as case studies. Technologies and processes for plastic recycling are described and related risks for human health and the environment are shown, as well as the potential for the improvement of this situation.

In an attempt to construct detailed kinetic mechanisms for biodiesel fuels on the fly, high-pressure rate rules for the concerted HO 2 elimination reaction class were derived using a comprehensive training reaction set of more than 60 reactions involving different alkyl methyl/ethyl ester peroxy radicals (RCOOR')-OO • . Using the composite electronic structure method CBS-QB3 in combination with classical statistical mechanics and the transition state theory (TST) rate model, high-pressure rate constants for the reactions in the training set as well as thermodynamic properties for the species involved were calculated. The corrections from Eckart tunneling and hindered internal rotation (HIR) treatments were also included in the calculations. The results reveal that the ester group (-COO-) selectively promotes the reaction when compared with the traditional hydrocarbon fuels; thus it is recommended that the seven derived rate rules for the title reaction class (including the thermodynamic data of the species involved in the NASA format) should be used for construction of detailed kinetic mechanisms for real biodiesel molecules.

153 asthmatic children from 5 to 36 months (mean age: 26 months) were investigated. The aim of the study was twofold: 1) to determine the reliability and limits of an allergologic diagnosis before 36 months of age; 2) to compare the predictive value of skin-tests with other allergologic tests. Results were expressed according to a score involving 5 parameters derived from the allergologic investigation. Each parameter represented one point: atopic past history, increased level of total IgE antibodies related to the age, presence of blood specific IgE antibodies, blood hypereosinophilia. Infants were considered allergic if their score level was greater than or equal to 3. Concordance between this score level and each parameter was as follows: Positive skin-test 83%; Blood hypereosinophilia 82%; Presence of specific IgE antibodies 80%; Increased level of total IgE 78%; Familial history of atopy 54%. It is concluded that, in allergic infants, a significative link exists between positive skin-test plus the presence of specific IgE antibodies and an atopic disease. However, more children have to be enrolled in a multivariant analysis to assess definitively the predictive value to this score.

Authors using D.C. (direct current)--have produced shock experimentally- at 28 dogs. In the control animals (8 dogs) no histological, EKG and enzymatic changes could be revealed. In the dogs after the application of D.C of 1 X 2.5 W. sec/kg histological and EKG changes were not revealed, although the level of GOT and CPK increased significantly. After the application of D.C. of 4 X 5 W. sec/kg significant increase of the level of the following enzymes occurred: GOT, isoenzyme- LDH5, total-LDH and CPK. In 7 dogs--out of 8 showing histological changes in the myocard--activity of the serum isoenzyme-LDH1 increased and alterations of the EKG occurred. Thoracic musculature of six experimental dogs was investigated histologically. All of them revealed pathological changes. Correlation between the level of the isoenzyme- LDH1, the histological and EKG alterations were found. Increase of the level of serum enzymes seems to be the consequence of the injury of the thoracic-musculature by D.C. shock, and has clinical significance only in cases when pathologic changes of the EKG and increase of the insoenzyme-LDH1 are also present.