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1. Pharmacogenomic Analysis of CYP3A5&ast;3 and Tacrolimus Trough Concentrations in Vietnamese Renal Transplant Outcomes

Author: Nguyen TVA, Le BH, Nguyen MT, Le VT, Tran VT, Le DT, Vu DAM, Truong QK, Le TH, and Nguyen HTL
Subjects: tacrolimus, population pharmacokinetic, cyp3a5, vietnam., Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Thi Van Anh Nguyen,1,&ast; Ba Hai Le,2,&ast; Minh Thanh Nguyen,2,&ast; Viet Thang Le,3,&ast; Viet Tien Tran,4,&ast; Dinh Tuan Le,5,&ast; Duong Anh Minh Vu,2,&ast; Quy Kien Truong,3,&ast; Trong Hieu Le,2,&ast; Huong Thi Lien Nguyen2,&ast; 1Department of Pharmacy, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Huong Thi Lien Nguyen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84904308406, Email huongntl@hup.edu.vnPurpose: CYP3A5 polymorphisms have been associated with variations in the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus (Tac) in kidney transplant patients. Our study aims to quantify how the CYP3A5 genotype influences tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0) in a Vietnamese outpatient population by selecting an appropriate population pharmacokinetic model of Tac for our patients.Patients and Methods: The external dataset was obtained prospectively from 54 data of adult kidney transplant recipients treated at the 103 Military Hospital. All published Tac population pharmacokinetic models were systematically screened from PubMed and Scopus databases and were selected based on our patient’s available characteristics. Mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), mean prediction error, and goodness-of-fit plots were used to identify the appropriate model for finding the formula that identifies the influence of CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetic data of Vietnamese patients.Results: The model of Zhu et al had a good predictive ability with MAPE of 19.29%. The influence of CYP3A5 genotype on tacrolimus clearance was expressed by the following formulas: . The simulation result showed that Tac C0 was significantly higher in patients not expressing CYP3A5 (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The incorporation of the CYP3A5 phenotype into Zhu’s structural model has significantly enhanced our ability to predict Tacrolimus trough levels in the Vietnamese population. This study’s results underscore the valuable role of CYP3A5 phenotype in optimizing the forecast of Tac concentrations, offering a promising avenue to assist health-care practitioners in their clinical decision-making and ultimately advance patient care outcomes.Keywords: tacrolimus, population pharmacokinetic, CYP3A5, Vietnam
Published: 2024

2. Using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) to Detect Symptoms of Common Mental Disorders among Pregnant Women in Vietnam: a Validation Study

Author: Do TTH, Bui QTT, Ha BTT, Le TM, Le VT, Nguyen QCT, Lakin KJ, Dang TT, Bui LV, Le TC, Tran ATH, Pham HTT, and Nguyen TV
Subjects: srq-20, screening, common mental disorders, pregnant women, vietnam., Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Trang Thi Hanh Do,1 Quyen Thi Tu Bui,2 Bui Thi Thu Ha,3 Thi Minh Le,3 Vui Thi Le,3 Quynh-Chi Thai Nguyen,3 Kimberly Joyce Lakin,4 Tung Thanh Dang,5 Loi Van Bui,5 Thien Cong Le,5 An Thi Ha Tran,5 Hien Thi Thu Pham,5 Tuan Van Nguyen5 1Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Faculty and Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 5The National Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Quyen Thi Tu Bui, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 912 225 245, Fax +84 24 6266 2385, Email btq@huph.edu.vnPurpose: Detection of antenatal common mental disorders in low-resource settings like Vietnam is important and requires a reliable, valid and practical screening tool. Currently, there is no such tool validated for use among pregnant women in Vietnam. This study aims to assess the validity of the Vietnamese version of the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) by evaluating its reliability, factorial structure, and performance in detecting common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, thereby identifying the optimum cut-off score for CMD screening among pregnant women in Vietnam.Participants and Methods: A total of 210 pregnant women from four rural communes participated in a face-to-face interview using the Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20, followed by a clinical diagnostic interview based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria of CMDs. The reliability of the SRQ-20 was assessed by calculating the scale’s Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency. Factor analyses were undertaken to examine the factor structure of the instrument. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of the SRQ-20 against the clinical diagnosis and to identify the optimum cut-off score.Results: Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87. Factor analyses resulted in a 4-factor solution. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for detection of CMDs was 0.90. The optimum cut-off score of the SRQ-20 for detection of CMD symptoms among Vietnamese pregnant women was 5/6.Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20 has the capacity to detect CMDs among pregnant women effectively and is recommended for use as a screening tool for CMDs in antenatal care settings in Vietnam.Keywords: SRQ-20, screening, common mental disorders, pregnant women, Vietnam
Published: 2023

3. Care practices and traditional beliefs related to neonatal jaundice in northern Vietnam: A population-based, cross-sectional descriptive study

Author: Newman, Thomas, Partridge, John, Le, LT, Partridge, JC, Tran, BH, Le, VT, Duong, TK, Nguyen, HT, and Newman, TB
Abstract: Â© 2014 Le et al.Background: The National Hospital of Pediatrics in Vietnam performed >200 exchange transfusions annually (2006-08), often on infants presenting encephalopathic from lower-level hospitals. As factors delaying care-seeking are not known, we
Published: 2014

4. Long-Term Humoral Immune Response in Persons with Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Vietnam

Author: Huynh, KM, Nguyen, BT, Trinh, HL, Hoang, TT, Nguyen, DL, Le, XH, Lam, AN, Dinh, NHM, Anderson, DE, Tran, TT, Nguyen, VVC, Thwaites, G, Lin-Fa, W, Le, VT, Do, TH, Huynh, KM, Nguyen, BT, Trinh, HL, Hoang, TT, Nguyen, DL, Le, XH, Lam, AN, Dinh, NHM, Anderson, DE, Tran, TT, Nguyen, VVC, Thwaites, G, Lin-Fa, W, Le, VT, and Do, TH
Abstract: Antibody response against nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in 11 persons with mild or asymptomatic infection rapidly increased after infection. At weeks 18-30 after diagnosis, all remained seropositive but spike protein-targeting antibody titers declined. These data may be useful for vaccine development.
Published: 2021

5. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma from children and adults in Vietnam

Author: Nguyen, VVC, Le, NTN, Lam, AN, Nguyen, TKT, Nguyen, TTH, Dinh, NHM, Dinh, TBT, Lam, MY, Truong, HK, Du, TQ, Ngo, NQM, Nguyen, THN, Anderson, D, Wang, L-F, van Doorn, HR, Nguyen, TH, Tran, TT, Thwaites, G, Le, VT, Nguyen, VVC, Le, NTN, Lam, AN, Nguyen, TKT, Nguyen, TTH, Dinh, NHM, Dinh, TBT, Lam, MY, Truong, HK, Du, TQ, Ngo, NQM, Nguyen, THN, Anderson, D, Wang, L-F, van Doorn, HR, Nguyen, TH, Tran, TT, Thwaites, G, and Le, VT
Abstract: We tested pre-pandemic (2015--2019) plasma samples from 148 Vietnamese children and 100 Vietnamese adults at high risk of zoonotic infections for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins. None was positive. The data thus demonstrated no evidence of prior serological cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 that might explain the low numbers of COVID-19 in Vietnam. No pre-existing cross-reactivity might explain Vietnam success of COVID-19 control.
Published: 2021

6. Disruption of chromatin folding domains by somatic genomic rearrangements in human cancer

Author: Akdemir, KC, Le, VT, Chandran, S, Li, Y, Verhaak, RG, Beroukhim, R, Campbell, PJ, Chin, L, Dixon, JR, Futreal, PA, Alvarez, EG, Baez-Ortega, A, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DDL, Brors, B, Burns, KH, Chan, K, Chen, K, Cortes-Ciriano, I, Dueso-Barroso, A, Dunford, AJ, Edwards, PA, Estivill, X, Etemadmoghadam, D, Feuerbach, L, Fink, JL, Frenkel-Morgenstern, M, Garsed, DW, Gerstein, M, Gordenin, DA, Haan, D, Haber, JE, Hess, JM, Hutter, B, Imielinski, M, Jones, DTW, Ju, YS, Kazanov, MD, Klimczak, LJ, Koh, Y, Korbel, JO, Kumar, K, Lee, EA, Lee, JJ-K, Lynch, AG, Macintyre, G, Markowetz, F, Martincorena, I, Martinez-Fundichely, A, Meyerson, M, Miyano, S, Nakagawa, H, Navarro, FCP, Ossowski, S, Park, PJ, Pearson, JV, Puiggros, M, Rippe, K, Roberts, ND, Roberts, SA, Rodriguez-Martin, B, Schumacher, SE, Scully, R, Shackleton, M, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Stewart, C, Torrents, D, Tubio, JMC, Villasante, I, Waddell, N, Wala, JA, Weischenfeldt, J, Yang, L, Yao, X, Yoon, S-S, Zamora, J, Zhang, C-Z, Akdemir, KC, Le, VT, Chandran, S, Li, Y, Verhaak, RG, Beroukhim, R, Campbell, PJ, Chin, L, Dixon, JR, Futreal, PA, Alvarez, EG, Baez-Ortega, A, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DDL, Brors, B, Burns, KH, Chan, K, Chen, K, Cortes-Ciriano, I, Dueso-Barroso, A, Dunford, AJ, Edwards, PA, Estivill, X, Etemadmoghadam, D, Feuerbach, L, Fink, JL, Frenkel-Morgenstern, M, Garsed, DW, Gerstein, M, Gordenin, DA, Haan, D, Haber, JE, Hess, JM, Hutter, B, Imielinski, M, Jones, DTW, Ju, YS, Kazanov, MD, Klimczak, LJ, Koh, Y, Korbel, JO, Kumar, K, Lee, EA, Lee, JJ-K, Lynch, AG, Macintyre, G, Markowetz, F, Martincorena, I, Martinez-Fundichely, A, Meyerson, M, Miyano, S, Nakagawa, H, Navarro, FCP, Ossowski, S, Park, PJ, Pearson, JV, Puiggros, M, Rippe, K, Roberts, ND, Roberts, SA, Rodriguez-Martin, B, Schumacher, SE, Scully, R, Shackleton, M, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Stewart, C, Torrents, D, Tubio, JMC, Villasante, I, Waddell, N, Wala, JA, Weischenfeldt, J, Yang, L, Yao, X, Yoon, S-S, Zamora, J, and Zhang, C-Z
Abstract: Chromatin is folded into successive layers to organize linear DNA. Genes within the same topologically associating domains (TADs) demonstrate similar expression and histone-modification profiles, and boundaries separating different domains have important roles in reinforcing the stability of these features. Indeed, domain disruptions in human cancers can lead to misregulation of gene expression. However, the frequency of domain disruptions in human cancers remains unclear. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we analyzed 288,457 somatic structural variations (SVs) to understand the distributions and effects of SVs across TADs. Notably, SVs can lead to the fusion of discrete TADs, and complex rearrangements markedly change chromatin folding maps in the cancer genomes. Notably, only 14% of the boundary deletions resulted in a change in expression in nearby genes of more than twofold.
Published: 2020

7. Economic Burden Attributed to Children Presenting to Hospitals With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Vietnam

Author: Le, NTN, Turner, HC, Truong, HK, Nguyen, TH, Le, BL, Nguyen, TTH, Nguyen, THN, Lam, AN, Tran, TT, Hoang, MTV, Ho, LV, Trinh, HT, Tran, TLP, Devine, A, Thwaites, G, Nguyen, VVC, Thwaites, L, van Doorn, HR, Le, VT, Le, NTN, Turner, HC, Truong, HK, Nguyen, TH, Le, BL, Nguyen, TTH, Nguyen, THN, Lam, AN, Tran, TT, Hoang, MTV, Ho, LV, Trinh, HT, Tran, TLP, Devine, A, Thwaites, G, Nguyen, VVC, Thwaites, L, van Doorn, HR, and Le, VT
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a major public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Knowledge of its economic burden is essential for policy makers in prioritizing the development and implementation of interventions. METHODS: A multi-hospital-based study was prospectively conducted at 3 major hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, during 2016-2017. Data on direct and productivity costs were collected alongside clinical information and samples and demographic information from study participants. RESULTS: A total of 466 patients were enrolled. Two hundred three of 466 (43.6%) patients lived in Ho Chi Minh City, and 72/466 (15.5%) had severe HFMD. An enterovirus was identified in 74% of 466 patients, with EV-A71, CV-A6, CV-A10, and CV-A16 being the most common viruses identified (236/466, 50.6%). The mean economic burden per case was estimated at US$400.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], $353.80-$448.90), of which the total direct (medical) costs accounted for 69.7%. There were considerable differences in direct medical costs between groups of patients with different clinical severities and pathogens (ie, EV-A71 vs non-EV-A71). In Vietnam, during 2016-2017, the economic burden posed by HFMD was US$90 761 749 (95% CI, $79 033 973-$103 009 756). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are of public health significance because for the first time we demonstrate that HFMD causes a substantial economic burden in Vietnam, and although multivalent vaccines are required to control HFMD, effective EV-A71 vaccine could substantially reduce the burden posed by severe HFMD. The results will be helpful for health policy makers in prioritizing resources for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to reduce the burden of HFMD.
Published: 2019

8. A new hybrid sewage treatment system combining a rolled pipe system and membrane bioreactor to improve the biological nitrogen removal efficiency: A pilot study

Author: Bach, QV, Le, VT, Yoon, YS, Bui, XT, Chung, W, Chang, SW, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, and Nguyen, DD
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Abstract: © 2018 Elsevier Ltd A new hybrid pilot plant configuration based on a modularized rolled pipe system (RPS) combined with a submerged flat sheet membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated to enhance the sewage treatment and membrane performance. The system was operated under actual conditions for more than four months, that is, at a constant flow rate of 30 m³/d and with two internal recycling ratios. The results indicate that the hybrid system produces an excellent effluent quality and considerably mitigated membrane fouling. The average concentrations of SS, COD, TN, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and PO43--P remained below 2.81, 8.29, 8.77, 0.15, 8.17, and 1.49 mg/L, respectively. It was estimated that the periodic chemical cleaning of the membrane could be extended to approximately six months. The MBR and RPS can virtually complete nitrification and denitrification, respectively. The highest average denitrification rate of the RPS is 116.95 mg NO3-N/(g MLVSS d), with a hydraulic retention time of 1.05 h. Therefore, the RPS–MBR hybrid system has potential to improve the sewage treatability. The emerging RPS technique can obtain high rates of denitrification coupled with a compact design, ease of installation, and small footprint.
Published: 2018

9. Enterovirus serotypes in patients with central nervous system and respiratory infections in Viet Nam 1997-2010

Author: Nguyen, TTCB, Ngo, NQM, Phan, TQ, Tran, THC, Ho, DTN, Lien, AHD, Nguyen, NN, Nguyen, VVC, Guy, T, Le, VT, van Doorn, HR, Tran, TT, Nguyen, TTCB, Ngo, NQM, Phan, TQ, Tran, THC, Ho, DTN, Lien, AHD, Nguyen, NN, Nguyen, VVC, Guy, T, Le, VT, van Doorn, HR, and Tran, TT
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus A71 and D68), and are of interest as emerging viruses. Here, we typed Enterovirus A-D (EV) from central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory infections in Viet Nam. METHODS: Data and specimens from prospective observational clinical studies conducted between 1997 and 2010 were used. Species and serotypes were determined using type-specific RT-PCR and viral protein 1 or 4 (VP1, VP4) sequencing. RESULTS: Samples from patients with CNS infection (51 children - 10 CSF and 41 respiratory/rectal swabs) and 28 adults (28 CSF) and respiratory infection (124 children - 124 respiratory swabs) were analysed. Twenty-six different serotypes of the four Enterovirus species (A-D) were identified, including EV-A71 and EV-D68. Enterovirus B was associated with viral meningitis in children and adults. Hand, foot and mouth disease associated Enteroviruses A (EV-A71 and Coxsackievirus [CV] A10) were detected in children with encephalitis. Diverse serotypes of all four Enterovirus species were found in respiratory samples, including 2 polio-vaccine viruses, but also 8 CV-A24 and 8 EV-D68. With the exception of EV-D68, the relevance of these viruses in respiratory infection remains unknown. CONCLUSION: We describe the diverse spectrum of enteroviruses from patients with CNS and respiratory infections in Viet Nam between 1997 and 2010. These data confirm the global circulation of Enterovirus genera and their associations and are important for clinical diagnostics, patient management, and outbreak response.
Published: 2018

10. Chikungunya and Zika Virus Cases Detected against a Backdrop of Endemic Dengue Transmission in Vietnam

Author: Nguyen, THQ, Duong, THK, Maia, R, Nguyen, MT, Tran, TV, Le, VT, Nguyen, TH, Ha, MT, Ta, VT, Nguyen, LDH, Han, KQ, Nguyen, QD, Nguyen, VVC, Wills, B, Simmons, CP, Nguyen, THQ, Duong, THK, Maia, R, Nguyen, MT, Tran, TV, Le, VT, Nguyen, TH, Ha, MT, Ta, VT, Nguyen, LDH, Han, KQ, Nguyen, QD, Nguyen, VVC, Wills, B, and Simmons, CP
Abstract: Between 2010 and 2014, four chikungunya and two Zika virus infections were identified among 8,105 febrile children in southern Vietnam. Zika viruses were linked to French Polynesian strains, chikungunya to Cambodian strains. Against a backdrop of endemic dengue transmission, chikungunya and Zika present an additional arboviral disease burden in Vietnam.
Published: 2017

11. A picture archiving and communications system featuring multiple monitors using Windows98.

Author: Ernst R, Le VT, Kawashima A, Caskey C, Zelitt D, Tamm E, and Sandler CM
Abstract: We present an effective approach to manage, review, and distribute Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images with multiple monitors using Windows98 (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA) that can be implemented in an office-based setting. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiographic DICOM images were collected, compressed, and stored using Medweb (Medweb, Inc, San Francisco, CA) software. The Medweb server used the Linux/UNIX operating system on a Pentium 333-MHz processor with 128 MB of RAM. Short-term storage capacity was about 2 weeks with routine usage of an 11-GB hard drive. Images were presented for reading on a dual-monitor Windows98 Pentium display station with 160 MB of RAM using a Medweb/Netscape (Netscape Communications Corp, Mountain View, CA) viewer. There was no significant discrepancy in diagnosis between electronic and conventional film images. Mean reading time for 32 cases was 118 seconds. The Medweb JAVA plug-in viewer loaded the first image within 30 seconds of selecting the case for review. Full uncompressed 16-bit images allowed different window settings to better assess for pathology. Multiple monitors allowed viewing various hanging protocols. Cine viewing was also possible. Key diagnostic images were electronically transmitted to referring physicians. On-call radiologists were able to access images through the Internet. By combining Medweb, DICOM, and web-browser software using desktop personal computers (PCs), an easily accessible picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is available to radiologists and referring physicians. Multiple monitors are easily configured and managed using Windows98. This system can sustain changes and can be extended to provide variable functions using inexpensive PCs. Copyright (c) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1999

12. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Author: Bhangu, Aneel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Alexander, Philip, Al-Saqqa, Sara W., Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Drake, Thomas M., Ntirenganya, Faustin, Fitzgerald, J. Edward, Fergusson, Stuart J., Glasbey, James, Ingabire, J. C. Allen, Ismail, Lawani, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L., Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Adisa, Adewale O., Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thomas, Poskus, Tomas, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, Shaw, Catherine A., Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Harrison, Ewen M., Bhangu, Anna, Verjee, Azmina, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Jaffry, Zahra, Altamini, Afnan, Kirby, Andrew, Soreide, Kjetil, Recinos, Gustavo, Cornick, Jen, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexis, Kalles, Vassilis, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Amandito, Radhian, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donatas, Zilinskas, Justas, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H., Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Ortega, Irene, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Abdulbagi, Omar, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleno, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Ruben, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Francis, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Keke, Kpemahouton Rene, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Denakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Stock, Simon, Jamal, Luai, Azzie, Georges, Kushwaha, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Montes, Irene, Zapata, Felipe, Sierra, Sebastian, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villegas, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Domini, Edgar, Karlo, Robert, Mihanovic, Jakov, Youssef, Mohamed, Elfeki, Hossam, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Tawfik, Gehad, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Abdallah, Emad, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El-Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B., Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd-Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul-Naga, Mariam Saad, El-Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Karkeet, Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El-Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Elfouly, Yasmin, Elfouly, Nesma, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mustafa Mohammed, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Abd Elkhalek, Esraa, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Bin Hasnan, Muhammad, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Bin Adnan, Ahmad, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Amreia, Mahmoud, Al-Marakby, Dina, Salma, Mahmoud, Bin Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman K. Z., Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El-Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A., Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Hantour, Usama, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El-Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, AlaaelDein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel-Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, Abd El-Latif, Nadia Khalid, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M., Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, A. A., Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel-Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Ghanem, Sara, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El-Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El-Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodros, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Leppaniemi, Ari, Sallinen, Ville, Parmentier, Benoit, Peycelon, Matthieu, Irtan, Sabine, Dardenne, Sabrina, Robert, Elsa, Maillot, Betty, Courboin, Etienne, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Hascoet, Juliette, Abbo, Olivier, Kaci, Amir Ait, Prudhomme, Thomas, Ballouhey, Quentin, Grosos, Celine, Fourcade, Laurent, Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois, Colombani, Helene, Francois-Coridon, Delforge, Xavier, Haraux, Elodie, Dousset, Bertrand, Schiavone, Roberto, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Marret, Jean-Baptiste, Haffreingue, Aurore, Rod, Julien, Renaux-Petel, Mariette, Lecompte, Jean-Francois, Breaud, Jean, Gastaldi, Pauline, Taieb, Chouikh, Claire, Raquillet, Anis, Echaieb, Bustangi, Nasir, Lopez, Manuel, Scalabre, Aurelien, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Mariani, Aurora, Podevin, Guillaume, Schmitt, Francoise, Hervieux, Erik, Broch, Aline, Muller, Cecile, Bandoh, Dickson, Abantanga, Francis, Kyereh, Martin, Asumah, Hamza, Appiah, Eric Kofi, Wondoh, Paul, Gyedu, Adam, Dally, Charles, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Amoah, Michael, Yifieyeh, Abiboye, Owusu, Frank, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel, Dayie, Makafui, Hagan, Richmond, Debrah, Sam, Ohene-Yeboah, Micheal, Clegg-Lampety, Joe-Nat, Etwire, Victor, Dakubo, Jonathan, Essoun, Samuel, Bonney, William, Glover-Addy, Hope, Osei-Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu-Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu-Mensah, William, BediakoBowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare-Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku-Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul-Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolaos, Ferousis, Christoforos, Kalles, Vasileios, Agalianos, Christos, Kyriazanos, Ioannis, Barkolias, Christos, Tselos, Angelos, Tzikos, Georgios, Voulgaris, Evangelos, Lytras, Dimitrios, Bamicha, Athanasia, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Stefanopoulos, Anastasios, Patoulias, Ioannis, Sfougaris, Dimitrios, Valioulis, Ioannis, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Georgios, Papaskarlatos, IasonAntonios, Konstantina, Kolonia, Zampitis, Nikolaos, Germanos, Stylianos, Papailia, Aspasia, Theodosopoulos, Theodosios, Gkiokas, Georgios, Mitroudi, Magdalini, Panteli, Christina, Feidantsis, Thomas, Kyziridis, Dimitrios, Ioannidis, Orestis, Parpoudi, Styliani, Gemenetzis, Georgios, Parasyris, Stavros, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Margaritis, Michail, Aguilera-Arevalo, Maria-Lorena, Coyoy-Gaitan, Otto, Rosales, Javier, Tale, Luis, Soley, Rafael, Barrios, Emmanuel, Torres Rodriguez, Servio Tulio, Paz Galvez, Carlos, Herrera Cruz, Danilo, Sanchez Rosenberg, Guillermo, Matheu, Alejandro, Monterroso Cohen, David, Paul, Marie, Charles, Angeline, Lam, Justin Chak Yiu, Yeung, Man Hon Andrew, Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn, Li, Ka Hin Gabriel, Lai, Anthony Chuk-Him, Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric, Wong, Hong Yee, Leung, Ka Wai, Lee, Tien Seng Bryan, Lam, Wai Him, Dao, Weihei, Kwok, Stephanie Hiu-wai, Chan, Tsz-Yan Katie, Ng, Yung Kok, Mak, T. W. C., Foo, Chi Chung, Yang, James, Bhatnagar, Ankur, Upadhyaya, Vijaid, Muddebihal, Uday, Dar, Wasim, Janardha, K. C., Aruldas, Neerav, Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Rulie, Anthonius Santoso, Iskandar, Ferdy, Setiawan, Jonny, Evajelista, Cicilia Viany, Natalie, Hani, Suyadi, Arlindawati, Gunawan, Rudy, Karismaningtyas, Herlin, Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih, Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu, Hasanah, Afifatun, Widiastini, T. Ariani, Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu, Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana, Rahmah, Dina Faizatur, Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda, Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana, Adhitama, Novia, Jeo, Wifanto Saditya, Sutandi, Nathania, Clarissa, Audrey, Gultom, Phebe Anggita, Billy, Matthew, Haloho, Andreass, Johanna, Nadya, Lee, Felix, Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin, Glynn, Martha, Alherz, Mohammad, Goh, Wennweoi, Shiwani, Haaris A., Sproule, Lorraine, Conlon, Kevin C., Bala, Miklosh, Kedar, Asaf, Turati, Luca, Bianco, Federica, Steccanella, Francesca, Gallo, Gaetano, Trompetto, Mario, Clerico, Giuseppe, Papandrea, Matteo, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sacco, Rosario, Benevento, Angelo, Giavarini, Luisa, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Bucci, Luigi, Pagano, Gianluca, Sollazzo, Viviana, Peltrini, Roberto, Luglio, Gaetano, Birindelli, Arianna, Di Saverio, Salomone, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Mingrone, Pietro, Pata, Domenica, Selvaggi, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Pellino, Gianluca, Di Martino, Natale, Curletti, Gianluca, Aonzo, Paolo, Galleano, Raffaele, Berti, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Boni, Silvia, Lorenzon, Laura, lo Conte, Annalisa, Balducci, Genoveffa, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Pesenti, Giovanni, Gavagna, Laura, Vasquez, Giorgio, Targa, Simone, Occhionorelli, Savino, Andreotti, Dario, Pata, Giacomo, Armellini, Andrea, Chiesa, Deborah, Aquilino, Fabrizio, Chetta, Nicola, Picciariello, Arcangelo, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Belli, Andrea, De Franciscis, Silvia, Bigaran, Annamaria, Favero, Alessandro, Basso, Stefano M. M., Salusso, Paola, Perino, Martina, Mochet, Sylvie, Sasia, Diego, Riente, Francesco, Migliore, Marco, Merlini, David, Basilico, Silvia, Corbellini, Carlo, Lazzari, Veronica, Macchitella, Yuri, Bonavina, Luigi, Angelieri, Daniele, Coletta, Diego, Falaschi, Federica, Catani, Marco, Reali, Claudia, Malavenda, Mariastella, Del Basso, Celeste, Ribaldi, Sergio, Coletti, Massimo, Natili, Andrea, Depalma, Norma, Iannone, Immacolata, Antoniozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Davide, Gui, Daniele, Perrotta, Gerardo, Ripa, Matteo, Giardino, Francesco Ruben, Foco, Maurizio, Vicario, Erika, Coccolini, Federico, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Leone, Nicoletta, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Simioni, Andrea, De Boni, Davide, Pasquali, Sandro, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Elena, Ciccioli, Eleonora, Tedeschi, Umberto, Bortolasi, Luca, Violi, Paola, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Conci, Simone, Lazzari, Giovanni, Iacono, Calogero, Gulielmi, Alfredo, Manfreda, Serena, Rinaldi, Anna, Ringressi, Maria Novella, Brunoni, Beatrice, Salamone, Giuseppe, Mangiapane, Mirko, De Marco, Paolino, La Brocca, Antonella, Tutino, Roberta, Silvestri, Vania, Licari, Leo, Fontana, Tommaso, Falco, Nicolo, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Arcudi, Claudio, Bsisu, Isam, Aljboor, Khaled, Abusalem, Lana, Alnusairat, Aseel, Qaissieh, Ahmad, Al-Dakka, Emad, Ababneh, Ali, Halhouli, Oday, Yusufali, Taha, Mohammed, Hussein, Lando, Justus, Parker, Robert, Ndegwa, Wairimu, Jokubauskas, Mantas, Gribauskaite, Jolanta, Kuliavas, Justas, Dulskas, Audrius, Samalavicius, Narimantas E., Jasaitis, Kristijonas, Parseliunas, Audrius, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Montrimaite, Margarita, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvinas, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Subocius, Andrejus, Venclauskas, Linas, Gulbinas, Antanas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindaugas, Jankus, Tomas, Petrikenas, Steponas, Pazuskis, Matas, Urniezius, Zigmantas, Vilcinskas, Mantas, Banaitis, Vincas Jonas, Gaizauskas, Vytautas, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povilas, Rackauskas, Rokas, Drungilas, Mantas, Lagunavicius, Karolis, Lipnickas, Vytautas, Majauskyte, Dovile, Jotautas, Valdemaras, Abaliksta, Tomas, Uscinas, Laimonas, Simutis, Gintaras, Ladukas, Adomas, Danys, Donatas, Laugzemys, Erikas, Mikalauskas, Saulius, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Visinskas, Petras, Zilinskiene, Reda, Dragatas, Deividas, Burmistrovas, Andrius, Tverskis, Zygimantas, Vaicius, Arturas, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antanas, Kaselis, Nerijus, Ziubryte, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Herve, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Cornelius, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Salleh, Afizah, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Roslani, April Camilla, Chong, Hoong-Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat-Seong, Chai, Chu-Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Rajan, Reynu, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Mat, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A. L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, Nasir, Wan Nurul Ain Wan Mohd, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Doris, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro-Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Soledad Merlo, Maria, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Adeniran, James, Habeeb, Olufemi, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adebanjo, Ademola, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Osinowo, Adedapo, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Alakaloko, Felix, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elebute, Olumide, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chris, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Williams, Omolara, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Oludara, Mobolaji, Njokanma, Iloba, Osuoji, Roland, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mohammad, Aminu, Olori, Samson, Mshelbwala, Philip, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Soreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mads, Aahlin, Eirik Kjus, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad-Hansen, Peter Wiel, Naess, Pal Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedrius, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Monteleone, Michela, Moe, Thomas Tetens, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al-taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Abu Qumbos, Amjad, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu-toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Enas, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al-Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al-saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al-farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barraw, Fayez Elian, Al-khatib, Ahmed, Al-faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Butt, Muhammad Talha, ul Razi, Syed Asaat, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani-Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awais, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Machain Vega, Gustavo Miguel, Torres Cardozo, Jorge, O'Higgins Roche, Marcelo, Pertersen Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo, Segovia Lohse, Helmut Alfredo, Paez Lopez, Larissa Ines, Melo Cardozo, Ramon Augusto, Espinoza, Fernando, Perez Rojas, Angel David, Sanchez, Diana, Sanchez Samaniego, Camila, Guevara Torres, Shalon, Canta Calua, Alexander, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel-Saldana, Maria, Alejos Bermudez, Ysabel Esthefany, Carpio, Juan, Ruiz Panez, Walter, Toribio Orbegozo, Pedro Angel, Guzman Duenas, Carolina, Turpo Espinoza, Kevin, Sandoval Barrantes, Ana Maria, Chungui Bravo, Jorge Armando, Fuentes-Rivera, Lorena, Fernandez, Carmen, Malaga, Barbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Ana, Vergara Mejia, Angelica Genoveva, Gonzales Montejo, Maria Soledad, Escalante Salas, Marilia Del Carmen, Alcca Ticona, Willy, Vargas, Marvin, Manrique Sila, George Christian, Mas, Robinson, del Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Roman Velasquez, Armando Jose, Robledo-Rabanal, Alina, Zeta Solis, Ludwing Alexander, Turpo Espinoza, Kenny, Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Jose Luis, Florez Farfan, Erick Samuel, Madrid Barrientos, Linda Alvi, Herrera Matta, Juan Jaime, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Francisco Roxas, Manuel, Mano, Maria Jesusa B., Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie, Carmela Lapitan, Marie, Leanne Almanon, Christel, Waledziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafal, Janik, Michal, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Costa-Maia, Jose, Melo, Renato, Muntean, Liviu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Vartic, Mihaela, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Beuran, Mircea, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Jovine, Elio, Zanini, Nicola, Landolfo, Giovanni, Aljiffry, Murad, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Alkaaki, Aroub, Khoja, Ahmad, Nawawi, Abrar, Turkustani, Sondos, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Najjar, Mohammed, Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Hassanain, Mazen, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Altamimi, Afnan, Nouh, Thamer, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, James, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Tun, Myint, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, D. C., Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Moore, Rachel, Jennings, Vicky, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Kong, Victor, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, du Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz-Tova, Jaime, Garcia-Florez, Luis, Otero-Diez, Jorge L., Ramos Perez, Virginia, Aguado Suarez, Nuria, Minguez Garcia, Javier, Corral Moreno, Sara, Vicenta Collado, Maria, Jimenez Carneros, Virginia, Garcia Septiem, Javier, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin-Basany, Eloy, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Solar Garcia, Lorena, Contreras, Elisa, Garcia Bernardo, Carmen, Pagnozz, Janet, Sanz, Sandra, Miyar de Leon, Alberto, Dorisme, Asnel, Rodicio, Joseluis, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Diaz Vico, Tamara, Fernandez-Vega, Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Maria Garcia-Perez, Jose, Jose Segura-Sampedro, Juan, Pineno-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A. B., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge, P. M. S. N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Bjorklund, Ida, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Thorell, Anders, Wogensen, Fredrik, Sokratous, Arestis, Breistrand, Michaela, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abbas, Hjertberg, Maria, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Sund, Malin, Oswald, Dennis, Peros, Georgios, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Zumbuhl, Lucius, Zuber, Markus, Schmid, Roger, Werder, Gabriela, Nocito, Antonio, Gerosa, Alexandra, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Mueller, Julia, Gubeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adiyaman, Can, Pektas, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Isler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Baris, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Omer Faruk, Cakaloglu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gul, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Guner, Ali, Tomas, Kadir, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Elshaer, Mohamed, Hunter, Kristina, Al-Bahrani, Ahmed, Liew, Ignatius, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Lim, Shujing Jane, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Jones, Catrin, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, Warren, Oliver, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioannis, Currow, Chelise, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Luck, Joshua, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, James, Lund, Jonathan, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Giuliani, Stefano, Bond-Smith, Giles, Pezas, Theodore, Farhangmehr, Neda, Urbonas, Tomas, Perenyei, Miklos, Ireland, Philip, Blencowe, Natalie, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, James, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Alhammali, Tariq, Salama, Yahya, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thomas, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Connor, Katie, Mann, Thomas, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Griffiths, Ewen, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H. G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S., Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D., Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Gravante, Gianpiero, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Dindyal, Shiva, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Baillie, Katie, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Tyler, Robert, Soon, Wai Cheong, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Karandikar, Sharad, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Monaghan, Eimear, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Etchill, Eric, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Swaroop, Mamta, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Schadde, Erik, Hemmila, Mark, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niels, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece-Smith, Alex, Otten, Kars, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloes, Baquero Suarez, Alibeth Andres, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicolas, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrios, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Pena, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B., Luc, Alberto Realis, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Mahmoud, Farah, Strupas, Kestutis, Kondrotas, Paulius, Baltrunas, Robertas, Kutkevicius, Juozas, Ignatavicius, Povilas, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Diaz Zorrilla, Carmina, Majbar, Anass, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksoen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero-Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos-Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobias, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Wolf, Bernhard, Fairfield, Cameron, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K., Olivier, James, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M. H., Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, Collaborative, GlobalSurg, Bhangu, Aneel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Alexander, Philip, Al-Saqqa, Sara W, Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Drake, Thomas M, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fergusson, Stuart J, Glasbey, Jame, Ingabire, JC Allen, Ismaïl, Lawani, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L, Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Adisa, Adewale O, Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thoma, Poškus, Toma, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Harrison, Ewen M, Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Jaffry, Zahra, Altamini, Afnan, Kirby, Andrew, Søreide, Kjetil, Recinos, Gustavo, Cornick, Jen, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexi, Kalles, Vassili, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Amandito, Radhian, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donata, Zilinskas, Justa, Poskus, Toma, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H, Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Ortega, Irene, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Senanayake, Kithsiri J, Abdulbagi, Omar, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Mendoza Beleño, Alvaro Enrique, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F, Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Hamid Kanta, Tasnia, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Imorou Souaibou, Yacoubou, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Ginbo Bedada, Alemayehu, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Stock, Simon, Jamal, Luai, Azzie, George, Kushwaha, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Montes, Irene, Zapata, Felipe, Sierra, Sebastian, Villegas Lanau, Maria Isabel, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza Restrepo, Ivan, Restrepo Giraldo, Ruben Santiago, Domini, Edgar, Karlo, Robert, Mihanovic, Jakov, Youssef, Mohamed, Elfeki, Hossam, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Tawfik, Gehad, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Abdallah, Emad, Denewer, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mamdouh Mohamed, Amna, Saied Nagy, Ghada, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Said Badr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Eldosouky Mohammed, Amany, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Samir Elbanby, Esraa, Elmasry, Maha, Morsy Farahat, Mahitab, Yahya Mansor, Eman, Magdy Hegazy, Eman, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Maher Abdelrouf, Doaa, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El-Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Abd-Elrazek, Aly, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Hassab Alnaby, Mohamed, Magdy, Eman, Abd-Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Ibrahim Mahmoud, Moustafa, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, Halim El Gendy, Noran, Saad Aboul-Naga, Mariam, Alaa El-Din, Reham, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Adel Elsharkawy, Aya, Elsayed Moghazy, Mahmoud, Hesham Elbisomy, Khaled, Abdel Gawad Shakshouk, Hend, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Karkeet, Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Adel Awad, Sawsan, Salem, Menatalla, Abdellatif Elsherif, Fawzia, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R, Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Ahmed, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Hosny Asar, Yomna, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Mohamed Morshedy, Eman, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El-Sehily, Ahmed, Abdalmageed Kasem, Esraa, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Elfouly, Yasmin, Elfouly, Nesma, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Abd Elkhalek, Esraa, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, Abo El Dahab, Ali, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Osama, Mohamed Badwi, Nermin, Saber Sleem, Ahmad, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abozed Abdullah, Mohamed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Rady Abdelazeam, Anan, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Bin Hasnan, Muhammad, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Bin Adnan, Ahmad, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Haji Abdul Majid, Aminah Hanum, Amreia, Mahmoud, Al-Marakby, Dina, Salma, Mahmoud, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Mohd Basir, Elissa Rifhan, Mohd Ali, Citra Dewi, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, 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Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, Ghaben, Ahed, Machain Vega, Gustavo Miguel, Cardozo, Jorge Torre, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgin, Pertersen Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo, Segovia Lohse, Helmut Alfredo, Páez Lopez, Larissa Ine, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Pérez Rojas, Angel David, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Guevara Torres, Shalon, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Shibao Miyasato, Hector, Valcarcel-Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejo, Carpio, Juan, Ruiz Panez, Walter, Toribio Orbegozo, Pedro Angel, Guzmán Dueñas, Carolina, Turpo Espinoza, Kevin, Sandoval Barrantes, Ana Maria, Chungui Bravo, Jorge Armando, Fuentes-Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras-Vergara, Ana Lucia, Vergara Mejia, Angelica Genoveva, Gonzales Montejo, Maria Soledad, Escalante Salas, Marilia del Carmen, Alcca Ticona, Willy, Vargas, Marvin, Manrique Sila, George Christian, Mas, Robinson, del Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Román Velásquez, Armando José, Robledo-Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Turpo Espinoza, Kenny, Hamasaki Hamaguchi, José Lui, Florez Farfan, Erick Samuel, Madrid Barrientos, Linda Alvi, Herrera Matta, Juan Jaime, Mora, John Jemuel V, Redota, Menold Archee P, Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B, Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Costa-Maia, Jose, Melo, Renato, Muntean, Liviu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Vartic, Mihaela, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Beuran, Mircea, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Jovine, Elio, Zanini, Nicola, Landolfo, Giovanni, Aljiffry, Murad, 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Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther HG, Ravishankar, Ramanish, Mcintosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, Mcgarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Aki, Gravante, Gianpiero, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Dindyal, Shiva, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Baillie, Katie, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Tyler, Robert, Soon, Wai Cheong, Jama, Guled M, Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, 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Swaroop, M, Myers, J, Deal, R, Schadde, E, Hemmila, M, Napolitano, L, To, K, Makupe, A, Musowoya, J, van der Naald, N, Kumwenda, D, Reece-Smith, A, Otten, K, Verbeek, A, Prins, M, Baquero Suarez, Aa, Deane, C, Dijan, E, Elfiky, M, Koskenvuo, L, Thollot, A, Limoges, B, Capito, C, Alexandre, C, Kotobi, H, Leroux, J, Pinnagoda, K, Henric, N, Azzis, O, Rosello, O, Francois, P, Etienne, S, Buisson, P, Hmila, S, Clegg-Lamptey, Jn, Imoro, O, Abem, Oe, Papageorgiou, D, Soulou, V, Asturias, S, Peña, L, O'Connor, Db, Luc, Ar, Russo, Aa, Ruzzenente, A, Taddei, A, Cona, C, Bottini, C, Pascale, G, Rotunno, G, Solaini, L, Pascale, Mm, Notarnicola, M, Corbellino, M, Sacco, M, Ubiali, P, Cautiero, R, Bocchetti, T, Muzio, E, Guglielmo, V, Morandi, E, Mao, P, de Luca, E, Ali, Fm, Žilinskas, J, Strupas, K, Kondrotas, P, Baltrunas, R, Kutkevicius, J, Ignatavicius, P, Tan, Cl, Siaw, Jy, Yam, Sy, Wilson, L, Aziz, Mra, Bondin, J, Zorrilla, Cd, Majbar, A, Sale, D, Abdullahi, L, Osagie, O, Faboya, O, Fatuga, A, Taiwo, A, Nwabuoku, E, Bliksøen, M, Khan, Za, Coronel, J, Miranda, C, Vasquez, I, Helguero-Santin, Lm, Rickard, J, Adedeji, A, Alqahtani, S, Rath, M, Van Niekerk, M, Koto, Mz, Matos-Puig, R, Israelsson, L, Schuetz, T, Yuksek, Ma, Mericliler, M, Wolf, B, Fairfield, C, Yong, Gl, Whitehurst, K, Redgrave, N, Musyoka, Ck, Olivier, J, Lee, K, Cox, M, Farhan-Alanie, Mmh, Callan, R, Chibuye, C, Ali, Tha, Rekhis, S, Rommaneh, M, Sam, Zh, Pugliesi, Tb, Pardo, G, Blanco, R., R. Tutino, G. Salamone, G. Cocorullo, Essam, AA, Mak, TWC, Janardhan, KC, Zaa'treh, Rula, Grobler, DC, Jayathilake, AB, Thalgaspitiya, SPB, Wijayarathna, LS, Wimalge, PMSN, McIntosh, Kirsten, and McGarvie, Susan
Subjects: Male, humanos, factores socioeconómicos, países desarrollados, Global Health, global suregry, incidencia, Article, NO, Cohort Studies, Risk Factors, países en desarrollo, estudios prospectivos, surgical site infection, human development index, factores de riesgo, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, gastrointestinal surgery, Prospective Studies, estudios de cohortes, Developing Countries, Poverty, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Cross Infection, Developed Countries, Incidence, surgical site infections, infection, procedimientos quirúrgicos del sistema digestivo, Infectious Diseases, surgical site, infection, gastrointestinal surgery, Infectious Diseases, Socioeconomic Factors, infección de la herida operatoria, surgical site, Female, infección hospitalaria
Abstract: Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT02662231. Findings Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58.5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31.2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (1.2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12.3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9.4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14.0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23.2%] of 1282) HDI (p, DFID-MRC-Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trial Development Grant, National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Unit Grant.
Published: 2018

13. MCNN-AAPT: accurate classification and functional prediction of amino acid and peptide transporters in secondary active transporters using protein language models and multi-window deep learning.

Author: Malik MS, Le VT, Shah SMA, and Ou YY
Abstract: Secondary active transporters play a crucial role in cellular physiology by facilitating the movement of molecules across cell membranes. Identifying the functional classes of these transporters, particularly amino acid and peptide transporters, is essential for understanding their involvement in various physiological processes and disease pathways, including cancer. This study aims to develop a robust computational framework that integrates pre-trained protein language models and deep learning techniques to classify amino acid and peptide transporters within the secondary active transporter (SAT) family and predict their functional association with solute carrier (SLC) proteins. The study leverages a comprehensive dataset of 448 secondary active transporters, including 36 solute carrier proteins, obtained from UniProt and the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB). Three state-of-the-art protein language models, ProtTrans, ESM-1b, and ESM-2, are evaluated within a deep learning neural network architecture that employs a multi-window scanning technique to capture local and global sequence patterns. The ProtTrans-based feature set demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.21% with 87.32% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity for distinguishing amino acid and peptide transporters from other SATs. Furthermore, the model maintains strong predictive ability for SLC proteins, with an overall accuracy of 88.89% and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.7750. This study showcases the power of integrating pre-trained protein language models and deep learning techniques for the functional classification of secondary active transporters and the prediction of associated solute carrier proteins. The findings have significant implications for drug development, disease research, and the broader understanding of cellular transport mechanisms.
Published: 2024
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14. Psychological difficulties and the needs for psychological services for high school students.

Author: Le CM, Huynh SV, Nguyen VHA, Le VT, Luu-Thi HT, and Tran-Chi VL
Abstract: Adolescents experience numerous changes, both psychologically and physically, and they are also the age group with a high prevalence of mental problems that need counseling help. The study aims to assess the difficulties and the needs for psychological support, factors affecting the need to use psychological services among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 672 high school students in Thu Duc City, Vietnam. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between grades 10-12 in student's difficulties (DS) and a statistically significant difference in needs for psychological services (NPS, RPS). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in academic performance for DS. The findings also implied that RPS was predicted by a DS, NPS, and factors affecting the need to use psychological services (FA), in which NPS and DS were mediators in the relationship between FA and RPS. The study significantly contributes to research practices and the theoretical framework that the parliament and the government use to make counselors mandatory in schools. Meanwhile, the study suggested that school counselors, educators, and teachers must appropriately evaluate students' counseling needs and psychological difficulties; this is essential to providing support and interventions when students deal with challenges promptly., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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15. Pathogen producing aflatoxin in contaminated sandwich: Identification and preservation.

Author: Tran QH, Pham QT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen DV, Le VT, Tran VD, Phan H, Nguyen VH, and Nguyen TD
Subjects: Spores, Fungal growth & development, Ethanol metabolism, Colony Count, Microbial, Fungi metabolism, Fungi isolation & purification, Fungi drug effects, Food Preservation methods, Aspergillus flavus metabolism, Aspergillus flavus growth & development, Aflatoxin B1 metabolism, Aflatoxin B1 analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Food Microbiology, Aflatoxins analysis, Aflatoxins metabolism
Abstract: The toxicity of the contaminated powder contributed to toxic aflatoxins has been well-known in the literature. However, before this study, the specific fungal strain behind aflatoxin production remained unidentified. Our research aimed to isolate and identify fungi from the tainted sandwiches while also assessing the preservation of sandwiches in ambient conditions. The study pinpointed Aspergillus flavus as the fungus responsible for aflatoxin production. Analysis revealed that the sandwich samples contaminated with pure A. flavus exhibited a significant Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration of 55.2 ± 0.21 ng/g, accompanied by a spore count of 2 × 10 6 Colony-Forming Unit (CFU)/g after ten days. In contrast, sandwich samples contaminated with the unspecified fungi displayed a lower AFB1 content of 16.21 ± 0.42 ng/g, with a spore count of 2.2 × 10 2 CFU/g after the same duration. In the prevention study, the efficacy of the ethanol spray method for inhibiting aflatoxin from A. flavus was investigated. Results demonstrated that a 70 % ethanol concentration at a ratio of 2.0 % total weight of the sandwich proved highly effective, significantly impeding fungal growth. This method extended the preservation time by sevenfold compared to the control. Importantly, tests at 2.0 % ethanol of the sandwich weight did not detect aflatoxin presence., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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16. Effect of pore structure in bismuth metal-organic framework nanorod derivatives on adsorption and organic pollutant degradation.

Author: Tran VA, Sang TT, Thu NA, Vo V, Le VT, Doan VD, Thi Vo TT, and Dat ND
Abstract: This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of bismuth metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) nanorods and their derivatives such as Ag/Bi-MOF and Ag/Bi 2 O 3 . Bi-MOF nanorods exhibit significant photocatalytic activity under visible light, with the addition of silver (Ag) enhancing electron-hole pair separation and reducing their recombination. This leads to improved photocatalytic performance, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB). The results show that Bi-MOF and its derivatives demonstrate excellent chemical stability and high performance in photocatalytic applications, even when subjected to high temperatures and tested across a wide pH range. The large surface area and microporous structure facilitate selective adsorption of small organic molecules like MB. The pores and large surface area not only provide numerous active sites but also enhance the interaction between reactants and the catalyst surface, improving photocatalytic efficiency. Bi-MOF and its derivatives perform optimally across a broad pH range, from acidic to alkaline environments, where strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are easily formed, aiding in the effective degradation of organic compounds. The study also shows that Bi-MOF and its derivatives can be reused multiple times without significant loss in performance. This research contributes to the development of advanced materials for environmental remediation, highlighting the potential of Bi-MOF-based nanocomposites in practical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
Published: 2024
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17. VesiMCNN: Using pre-trained protein language models and multiple window scanning convolutional neural networks to identify vesicular transport proteins.

Author: Le VT, Tseng YH, Liu YC, Malik MS, and Ou YY
Abstract: Vesicular transport is a critical cellular process responsible for the proper organization and functioning of eukaryotic cells. This mechanism relies on specialized vesicles that shuttle macromolecules, such as proteins, across the cellular landscape, a process pivotal to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Disruptions in vesicular transport have been linked to various disease mechanisms, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we present vesiMCNN, a novel computational approach that integrates pre-trained protein language models with a multi-window scanning convolutional neural network architecture to accurately identify vesicular transport proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to leverage the power of pre-trained language models in combination with the multi-window scanning technique for this task. Our method achieved a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.558 and an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.933, outperforming existing state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, we have curated a comprehensive benchmark dataset for the study of vesicular transport proteins, which can facilitate further research in this field. The remarkable performance of our model, combined with the comprehensive dataset and novel deep learning model, marks a significant advancement in the field of vesicular transport protein research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest I, Le Van The, hereby declare that I have no financial interests or relationships with any organizations that could potentially influence the subject matter of this work. I also confirm that I do not hold any professional or personal affiliations that may be perceived as affecting the impartiality and objectivity of my research. I have received no funding, grants, or honoraria related to the research presented in this work. Additionally, I have no personal relationships or collaborations that might pose a conflict of interest. This work is conducted with complete transparency, and I am committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity in my scholarly contributions., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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18. Safety evaluation of Plukenetia volubilis seeds: a metabolomic profiling and network toxicology approach.

Author: Le VT, Huynh TH, Chen LY, Praristiya MRS, Lin HY, Lai KH, Lee YL, Chen LG, and Wang CC
Abstract: Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis ) seeds and oil have been integrated into daily diets. However, scientific reports have raised concerns regarding potential health risks associated with saponins and alkaloids in this seeds. This study employed a combination analysis using proton-NMR, GC-MS, LC-QTOF, and GNPS molecular networking to evaluate the chemical composition of these seeds. In silico toxicology analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted to investigate the potential toxicity effects of Sacha Inchi seeds and their contained metabolites. The results revealed that major components of these seeds are oils (linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids) and sugars, with minor amounts of phytosterols and trigonelline, a pyridine alkaloid. GNPS analysis suggested the absence of saponins, instead, it identified trigonelline and a few other nitrogen-containing metabolites (amino acids and oligopeptides). In silico toxicology analysis indicated that this sample did not exhibit toxicity. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity screening demonstrated no cytotoxic effects against NIH-3T3 cells, even at 400 μg mL -1 . In general, these findings collectively indicated the absence of saponins, the presence of phytosterols and trigonellin (a pyridine alkaloid), and a low safety risk related to saponin and alkaloid content in the Sacha Inchi seeds., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no any conflict of interest related to this study., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
Published: 2024
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19. MCNN_MC: Computational Prediction of Mitochondrial Carriers and Investigation of Bongkrekic Acid Toxicity Using Protein Language Models and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Author: Malik MS, Chang YY, Liu YC, Le VT, and Ou YY
Abstract: Mitochondrial carriers (MCs) are essential proteins that transport metabolites across mitochondrial membranes and play a critical role in cellular metabolism. ADP/ATP (adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate) is one of the most important carriers as it contributes to cellular energy production and is susceptible to the powerful toxin bongkrekic acid. This toxin has claimed several lives; for example, a recent foodborne outbreak in Taipei, Taiwan, has caused four deaths and sickened 30 people. The issue of bongkrekic acid poisoning has been a long-standing problem in Indonesia, with reports as early as 1895 detailing numerous deaths from contaminated coconut fermented cakes. In bioinformatics, significant advances have been made in understanding biological processes through computational methods; however, no established computational method has been developed for identifying mitochondrial carriers. We propose a computational bioinformatics approach for predicting MCs from a broader class of secondary active transporters with a focus on the ADP/ATP carrier and its interaction with bongkrekic acid. The proposed model combines protein language models (PLMs) with multiwindow scanning convolutional neural networks (mCNNs). While PLM embeddings capture contextual information within proteins, mCNN scans multiple windows to identify potential binding sites and extract local features. Our results show 96.66% sensitivity, 95.76% specificity, 96.12% accuracy, 91.83% Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), 94.63% F1-Score, and 98.55% area under the curve (AUC). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting MCs and elucidating their functions, particularly in the context of bongkrekic acid toxicity. This study presents a valuable approach for identifying novel mitochondrial complexes, characterizing their functional roles, and understanding mitochondrial toxicology mechanisms. Our findings, that utilize computational methods to improve our understanding of cellular processes and drug-target interactions, contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial disorders, reducing the devastating effects of bongkrekic acid poisoning.
Published: 2024
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20. The Roles of Alcohol Availability, Overserving, and Enforcement in Recreational and Social Settings on Alcohol Misuse and Harms: A Comparison of Australia and the United States.

Author: Le VT, Bailey JA, Heerde JA, Merrin GJ, Batmaz EA, Kelly AB, and Toumbourou JW
Abstract: Objective: To examine how alcohol availability, overserving, and enforcement in recreational and social settings are related to alcohol misuse and alcohol-impaired driving among young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States., Method: Longitudinal data came from 1,430 participants in Victoria (n = 757; 52% female) and Washington (n = 673; 53% female), surveyed in 2014 (age 25) and 2018 (age 29) from the International Youth Development Study, a population-based, cross-national study to examine factors influencing substance use. Path modeling tested associations between age 25 perceptions of the alcohol environment, age 25 social alcohol consumption, and age 31 alcohol-related harms. Multiple-group modeling examined differences in parameter estimates across both states., Results: Age 25 perceptions of the alcohol environment (alcohol availability, overservice in evening social venues, legal enforcement) and alcohol consumption in evening social settings were similar between the two states. Higher alcohol availability and perceived tendency of evening social venues to overserve were associated with higher alcohol consumption in these contexts. In turn, higher alcohol consumption in these settings was associated with more problematic alcohol use and an increased likelihood of alcohol-impaired driving 4 years later. Perceived likelihood of legal enforcement in evening social settings was not related to alcohol consumption in these contexts., Conclusions: The recreational and social settings commonly frequented by young adults can influence drinking behaviors and alcohol-related harms. Reducing alcohol availability and over-servicing in settings where young adults often congregate and socialize could reduce problematic alcohol use and alcohol-impaired driving.
Published: 2024
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21. Ultrasound-guided posterior lateral branches steroid injections of the sacral foramina for chronic new-onset sacroiliac joint pain management after spinal fusion surgery: A prospective study of single-center in Vietnam.

Author: Pham TA, Nguyen AM, Nguyen PL, and Le VT
Subjects: Humans, Prospective Studies, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Vietnam, Steroids therapeutic use, Steroids administration & dosage, Adult, Aged, Pain Management methods, Ultrasonography, Interventional methods, Sacroiliac Joint diagnostic imaging, Spinal Fusion methods
Published: 2024
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22. Gallbladder volvulus misdiagnosed as acute acalculous cholecystitis: A case report.

Author: Vo NT, Le VT, and Nguyen QV
Abstract: Introduction and Importance: Gallbladder volvulus is a rare surgical disease with clinical manifestations similar to acute acalculous cholecystitis. Diagnosing gallbladder volvulus is critical as delayed surgical intervention in gallbladder volvulus is associated with high morbidity and mortality., Case Presentation: A 62-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient department for right upper quadrant pain of one-month duration. Taking into consideration the patient's clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and imaging findings, we diagnosed the patient with acute acalculous cholecystitis and started intravenous antibiotics. After 3 days, the clinical progress was unfavorable, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and the final diagnosis of gallbladder was done intraoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the second day after surgery., Clinical Discussion: The cause of gallbladder volvulus may be related to abnormal embryological development, resulting in a long mesentery gallbladder and consequently leading to a floating gallbladder. Patients with gallbladder volvulus often do not exhibit specific signs, and the symptoms typically resemble those of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Once gallbladder volvulus is diagnosed, the surgical intervention must be conducted immediately., Conclusion: Gallbladder volvulus is a relatively rare and challenging condition to diagnose. It should be considered in cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis, especially in elderly, thin patients who do not respond to antibiotic treatment. Cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment for gallbladder volvulus. In particular, laparoscopic surgery should be chosen initially., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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23. JACC: Advances Expert Panel Perspective: Shared Decision-Making in Multidisciplinary Team-Based Cardiovascular Care.

Author: Perpetua EM, Palmer R, Le VT, Al-Khatib SM, Beavers CJ, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, Coylewright M, Lloyd Doherty C, Guibone KA, Hawkey M, Keegan PA, Kirkpatrick JN, Laperle J, Lauck SB, Levine G, Lindman BR, Mack MJ, Price AL, Strong S, Wyman JF, Youmans QR, and Gulati M
Abstract: Shared decision-making (SDM) and multidisciplinary team-based care delivery are recommended across several cardiology clinical practice guidelines. However, evidence for benefit and guidance on implementation are limited. Informed consent, the use of patient decision aids, or the documentation of these elements for governmental or societal agencies may be conflated as SDM. SDM is a bidirectional exchange between experts: patients are the experts on their goals, values, and preferences, and clinicians provide their expertise on clinical factors. In this Expert Panel perspective, we review the current state of SDM in team-based cardiovascular care and propose best practice recommendations for multidisciplinary team implementation of SDM., Competing Interests: Dr Perpetua has been a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences and is a consultant for Abbott Vascular. Ms. Palmer is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Beckman is a consultant for Norvartis, Janssen, and JanOne. Dr Keegan is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences and Abbott Vascular. Dr Guibone is a consultant for Medtronic and Abbott Vascular. Dr Lauck is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Le has received research grant funding from Janssen and is a consultant for 10.13039/100008272Novartis. Dr Lindman is supported by R01AG073633 from the 10.13039/100000002National Institutes of Health and has been a consultant for and received investigator-initiated research grants from 10.13039/100006520Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Wyman has been a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences and Boston Scientific. Dr Gulati has been a consultant for Esperion, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Medtronic. There was no funding support for this expert panel. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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24. ProtTrans and multi-window scanning convolutional neural networks for the prediction of protein-peptide interaction sites.

Author: Le VT, Zhan ZJ, Vu TT, Malik MS, and Ou YY
Subjects: Humans, Machine Learning, Protein Binding, Binding Sites, Algorithms, Databases, Protein, Neural Networks, Computer, Peptides chemistry, Proteins chemistry, Computational Biology methods
Abstract: This study delves into the prediction of protein-peptide interactions using advanced machine learning techniques, comparing models such as sequence-based, standard CNNs, and traditional classifiers. Leveraging pre-trained language models and multi-view window scanning CNNs, our approach yields significant improvements, with ProtTrans standing out based on 2.1 billion protein sequences and 393 billion amino acids. The integrated model demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving an AUC of 0.856 and 0.823 on the PepBCL Set_1 and Set_2 datasets, respectively. Additionally, it attains a Precision of 0.564 in PepBCL Set 1 and 0.527 in PepBCL Set 2, surpassing the performance of previous methods. Beyond this, we explore the application of this model in cancer therapy, particularly in identifying peptide interactions for selective targeting of cancer cells, and other fields. The findings of this study contribute to bioinformatics, providing valuable insights for drug discovery and therapeutic development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest I, Van The Le, hereby declare that I have no financial interests or relationships with any organizations that could potentially influence the subject matter of this work. I also confirm that I do not hold any professional or personal affiliations that may be perceived as affecting the impartiality and objectivity of my research. I have received no funding, grants, or honoraria related to the research presented in this work. Additionally, I have no personal relationships or collaborations that might pose a conflict of interest. This work is conducted with complete transparency, and I am committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity in my scholarly contributions., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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25. Periodic Fasting and Acute Cardiac Events in Patients Evaluated for COVID-19: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study.

Author: Horne BD, Anderson JL, Haddad F, May HT, Le VT, Knight S, Bair TL, and Knowlton KU
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Aged, Adult, Risk Factors, Registries, Proportional Hazards Models, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 complications, Fasting, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2, Heart Failure epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Periodic fasting was previously associated with greater longevity and a lower incidence of heart failure (HF) in a pre-pandemic population. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), periodic fasting was associated with a lower risk of death or hospitalization. This study evaluated the association between periodic fasting and HF hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)., Methods: Patients enrolled in the INSPIRE registry from February 2013 to March 2020 provided periodic fasting information and were followed into the pandemic ( n = 5227). Between March 2020 and February 2023, N = 2373 patients were studied, with n = 601 COVID-positive patients being the primary study population (2836 had no COVID-19 test; 18 were excluded due to fasting <5 years). A Cox regression was used to evaluate HF admissions, MACEs, and other endpoints through March 2023, adjusting for covariables, including time-varying COVID-19 vaccination., Results: In patients positive for COVID-19, periodic fasting was reported by 180 (30.0% of 601), who periodically fasted over 43.1 ± 19.2 years (min: 7, max: 83). HF hospitalization ( n = 117, 19.5%) occurred in 13.3% of fasters and 22.1% of non-fasters [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.63, CI = 0.40, 0.99; p = 0.044]. Most HF admissions were exacerbations, with a prior HF diagnosis in 111 (94.9%) patients hospitalized for HF. Fasting was also associated with a lower MACE risk (aHR = 0.64, CI = 0.43, 0.96; p = 0.030). In n = 1772 COVID-negative patients (29.7% fasters), fasting was not associated with HF hospitalization (aHR = 0.82, CI = 0.64, 1.05; p = 0.12). In COVID-positive and negative patients combined, periodic fasting was associated with lower mortality (aHR = 0.60, CI = 0.39, 0.93; p = 0.021)., Conclusions: Routine periodic fasting was associated with less HF hospitalization in patients positive for COVID-19.
Published: 2024
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26. OsPUB9 Gene Edited by CRISPR/Cas9 Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.).

Author: Kim MS, Le VT, Jung YJ, Kang KK, and Cho YG
Subjects: Plants, Genetically Modified genetics, Oryza genetics, Oryza microbiology, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Gene Editing methods, Disease Resistance genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Diseases genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating signal pathways during the post-translation stage of protein synthesis in response to various environmental stresses. E3 ubiquitin ligase has been discovered to ultimately control various intracellular activities by imparting specificity to proteins to be degraded. This study was conducted to confirm biological and genetic functions of the U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase (PUB) gene against biotic stress in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). OsPUB9 gene-specific sgRNA were designed and transformants were developed through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Deep sequencing using callus was performed to confirm the mutation type of T 0 plants, and a total of three steps were performed to select null individuals without T-DNA insertion. In the case of the OsPUB9 gene-edited line, a one bp insertion was generated by gene editing, and it was confirmed that early stop codon and multiple open reading frame (ORF) sites were created by inserting thymine. It is presumed that ubiquitination function also changed according to the change in protein structure of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. The OsPUB9 gene-edited null lines were inoculated with bacterial leaf blight, and finally confirmed to have a resistance phenotype similar to Jinbaek, a bacterial blight-resistant cultivar. Therefore, it is assumed that the amino acid sequence derived from the OsPUB9 gene is greatly changed, resulting in a loss of the original protein functions related to biological mechanisms. Comprehensively, it was confirmed that resistance to bacterial leaf blight stress was enhanced when a mutation occurred at a specific site of the OsPUB9 gene.
Published: 2024
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27. DeepPLM_mCNN: An approach for enhancing ion channel and ion transporter recognition by multi-window CNN based on features from pre-trained language models.

Author: Le VT, Malik MS, Tseng YH, Lee YC, Huang CI, and Ou YY
Subjects: Deep Learning, Ion Transport, Ion Channels metabolism, Ion Channels chemistry, Neural Networks, Computer
Abstract: Accurate classification of membrane proteins like ion channels and transporters is critical for elucidating cellular processes and drug development. We present DeepPLM_mCNN, a novel framework combining Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and multi-window convolutional neural networks (mCNNs) for effective classification of membrane proteins into ion channels and ion transporters. Our approach extracts informative features from protein sequences by utilizing various PLMs, including TAPE, ProtT5_XL_U50, ESM-1b, ESM-2_480, and ESM-2_1280. These PLM-derived features are then input into a mCNN architecture to learn conserved motifs important for classification. When evaluated on ion transporters, our best performing model utilizing ProtT5 achieved 90% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and 95.4% overall accuracy. For ion channels, we obtained 88.3% sensitivity, 95.7% specificity, and 95.2% overall accuracy using ESM-1b features. Our proposed DeepPLM_mCNN framework demonstrates significant improvements over previous methods on unseen test data. This study illustrates the potential of combining PLMs and deep learning for accurate computational identification of membrane proteins from sequence data alone. Our findings have important implications for membrane protein research and drug development targeting ion channels and transporters. The data and source codes in this study are publicly available at the following link: https://github.com/s1129108/DeepPLM_mCNN., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest I, Van The Le, hereby declare that I have no financial interests or relationships with any organizations that could potentially influence the subject matter of this work. I also confirm that I do not hold any professional or personal affiliations that may be perceived as affecting the impartiality and objectivity of my research. I have received no funding, grants, or honoraria related to the research presented in this work. Additionally, I have no personal relationships or collaborations that might pose a conflict of interest. This work is conducted with complete transparency, and I am committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity in my scholarly contributions., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States.

Author: Bailey JA, Le VT, McMorris BJ, Merrin GJ, Heerde JA, Batmaz EA, and Toumbourou JW
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Adolescent, United States epidemiology, Female, Male, Victoria epidemiology, Washington epidemiology, Alcoholism epidemiology, Alcoholism prevention & control, Underage Drinking, Substance-Related Disorders
Abstract: Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020). Cross-nationally matched samples were compared in Washington State, USA (n = 961) and Victoria, Australia (n = 1,957; total N = 2,918, 55 % female, 83 % White), where adult-supervised adolescent alcohol use was more common. Multilevel analyses adjusted for state, sex, adolescent drinking, parent education, family management, family history of substance use problems, and parent alcohol-related norms. Adult supervised drinking in adolescence (at dinner or parties, on holidays) predicted more adult alcohol misuse (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score; b[SE] 0.07[0.03]; p = 0.004) and higher rates of alcohol-impaired driving (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.501, p = 0.034) and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (OR 1.669, p = 0.005), but not the use of strategies to moderate alcohol intake (e.g., counting drinks). Better family management (monitoring, clear rules) in adolescence predicted less adult alcohol misuse. Associations were similar in the two states. Reducing the frequency of adult supervised drinking and improving family management practices in adolescence may help to decrease alcohol misuse well into adulthood. Findings support the widespread implementation of substance use prevention and family management training programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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29. Coronary Calcium Is Elevated in Patients with Myocardial Infarction without Standard Modifiable Risk Factors.

Author: Anderson JL, Knight S, Dong L, May HT, Le VT, Bair TL, and Knowlton KU
Abstract: Objectives : Recent reports have highlighted myocardial infarction (MI) patients without standard modifiable risk factors (SMRF), noting them to be surprisingly common and to have a substantial risk of adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to address the challenge of identifying at-risk patients without SMRF and providing preventive therapy. Methods : Patients presenting between 2001 and 2021 to Intermountain Health catheterization laboratories with a diagnosis of MI were included if they also had a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan by computed tomography within 2 years. SMRF were defined as a clinical diagnosis or treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, or smoking. The co-primary endpoints in SMRF-less patients were: (1) proportion of patients with an elevated (>50%ile) CAC score, and (2) an indication for statin therapy (i.e., CAC ≥ 100 AU or ≥75%ile). The 60-day and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events were determined. A comparison set included MI patients with SMRF. Results : We identified 429 MI patients with a concurrent CAC scan, of which 60 had no SMRF. SMRF status did not distinguish most risk factors or interventions. No-SMRF patients had a high CAC prevalence and percentile (82% ≥ 50%ile; median, 80%ile), and 77% met criteria for preventive therapy. As expected, patients with SMRF had high CAC scores and percentiles. Outcomes were more favorable for No-SMRF status and for lower CAC scores. Conclusions : Patients without SMRF presenting with an MI have a high prevalence and percentile of CAC. Wider application of CAC scans, including in those without SMRF, is promising as a method to identify an additional at-risk population for MI and to provide primary preventive therapy.
Published: 2024
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30. Transforaminal pulsed radiofrequency and epidural steroid injection on chronic lumbar radiculopathy: A prospective observational study from a tertiary care hospital in Vietnam.

Author: Le VT, Do PT, Nguyen VD, and Nguyen Dao LT
Subjects: Humans, Vietnam, Tertiary Care Centers, Treatment Outcome, Steroids therapeutic use, Radiculopathy drug therapy, Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment methods, Chronic Pain therapy, Chronic Pain complications
Abstract: Background: Lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) is probably the most frequent neuropathic pain syndrome, exaggerating medical and economy burden on developing countries, such as Vietnam. As a result, the urgence to find an approach which is both affordable and effective always puts great demand on medical researchers., Objectives: Evaluate the effectiveness of transforaminal pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) stimulation on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and epidural steroid injection (ESI) in management of chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy., Methods: Seventy-six patients with chronic radicular pain were performed transforaminal PRF + ESI by neurosurgeons. Demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes were recorded on admission, pre-procedural and post-procedural for 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Primary outcome was measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT). Secondary outcome was subjectively collected based on short assessment of patients' satisfaction (SAPS)., Results: Patients who received transforaminal PRF and ESI showed significant improvements on all three evaluation tools (VAS, ODI, SLRT), compared to that before treatment (p<0.001). Pain relief was achievable and long-lasting, which met patients' expectation. No significant complications were observed for 12 months follow-up., Conclusion: Transforaminal PRF combined with ESI in management of lumbosacral radiculopathy should be a good method of choice for its effectiveness and safety in management of pain., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Le et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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31. Risk Factors for In-Hospital Seizure and New-Onset Epilepsy in Coiling and Clipping Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Author: Le VT, Nguyen AM, and Nguyen PL
Subjects: Humans, Retrospective Studies, Seizures etiology, Seizures complications, Risk Factors, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage complications, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage surgery, Epilepsy etiology, Epilepsy complications, Intracranial Aneurysm complications, Intracranial Aneurysm surgery
Abstract: Objective: To identify risk factors associated with in-hospital seizures and new-onset epilepsy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent coiling embolization or clipping surgery., Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 195 patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH and treated with coiling embolization or clipping surgery between January 2018 and June 2022., Results: Among the 195 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 9 experienced an onset seizure at the time of SAH. In-hospital seizures were observed in 33 patients, of which 24 were electrographic seizures detected in 24 patients with suspected subclinical seizures. After 12 months of follow-up, 11 patients met criteria for diagnosis of epilepsy. The incidence of epilepsy after discharge at 12 months was 2.41% in the coiling group and 8.03% in the clipping group. The risk of in-hospital seizures was significantly higher in the clipping group (P = 0.007), although the difference was not statistically significant after 12 months of follow-up (P = 0.121)., Conclusions: Epilepsy following aneurysmal SAH was relatively common. Clipping surgery and brain edema emerged as independent predictive factors for in-hospital seizures, while onset seizures and in-hospital seizures were identified as independent predictors of epilepsy during follow-up. Patients presenting with these risk factors may benefit from long-term electroencephalogram monitoring and should be considered for prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. Additionally, lumbar drainage proved effective in improving both early and late epileptic outcomes in the group with Fisher grades 3 and 4., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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32. Imaging characteristics of posterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

Author: Tuan HX, Minh HT, Cong NV, Hien MM, Le VT, Hung ND, and Duc NM
Abstract: Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome (PINs) is a rare nerve compression syndrome that affects the deep branch of the radial nerve in the supinator muscle region. In this article, we aimed to report a case of a 58-year-old male who had clinical symptoms, electromyographic, ultrasound, and MRI features suggestive of PINs due to compressing the arcade of Frohse. He subsequently underwent surgical correlation at our hospital, and the clinical symptoms were improved significantly., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)
Published: 2024
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33. Guidance of Nerve Stimulator and Ultrasound for Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection in Lumbosacral Radicular Pain : A Single Institution Experience in Vietnam.

Author: Le VT, Nguyen CH, Do PT, Nguyen AM, and Vo KH
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of the combination of ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance in transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TESIs) to manage lumbosacral chronic radicular pain., Methods: Using the combination of nerve stimulator and ultrasound guidance, TESIs were performed in 125 segments of 78 patients who presented with chronic lumbar radicular pain. Demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes were recorded on admission, pre-procedural and post-procedural for 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. The result was measured using the Numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI)., Results: Patients who received TESIs showed significant improvements on two evaluation tools (NRS, ODI), compared to that before procedure (p<0.001). No significant complications were observed for 6 months' follow-up., Conclusion: The result suggests that a combination of ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance in transforaminal epidural injections is safe, reliable and effective for short-term management of lumbar disc herniation. It is a promising technique and has shown good results in providing intermediate pain relief.
Published: 2024
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34. Effect of Donors' Biliary Variation on Postoperative Biliary Complications in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Observational Study in Vietnam.

Author: Ho CT, Vu VQ, Dang KK, Pham HM, Le VT, Le TH, Nguyen HNA, Ho VL, Vu NT, and Nguyen CT
Subjects: Male, Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Female, Living Donors, Retrospective Studies, Vietnam epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Liver Transplantation adverse effects, End Stage Liver Disease etiology
Abstract: Background: Our study aims to evaluate the biliary anatomy variation according to the Varotti classification and its correlation with surgical outcomes for both donors and recipients undergoing living donor liver transplants (LDLTs)., Methods: A retrospective analysis of 150 LDLT cases performed at a single center in Vietnam with preoperative radiologic evaluations and intraoperative surgical assessments to identify biliary variant anatomy. Postoperative biliary complications were documented and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine any significant associations between biliary variations and post-transplant outcomes., Results: One hundred fifty cases of LDLT at 108 Military Central Hospital from October 2017 to December 2022 were included in our study. Among the donors, the mean age was 30.89 ± 7.23, with male predominance (77.3%). The prevalence of type 1 biliary anatomy was 84.67%. Type 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b accounted for 5.33%, 2.67%, 5.33%, 0.67%, and 1.33% of cases, respectively. Donors' complications were witnessed in 7 cases (4.67%), and all needed intervention (Clavien-Dindo grade 3). Biliary complications were found in 36 (24.0%) recipients, with 22 (14.67%) cases of biliary stenosis and 16 (10.67%) cases of biliary leak, including 2 cases encountering both complications. Age, gender, graft type, preoperative liver function, biliary variant anatomy, number of graft orifices, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and blood loss were not significant risk factors for recipients' biliary complications. Cold ischemia time significantly increased the biliary complication rate., Conclusions: This study shows that biliary variant anatomy is common in living liver donors. Such variations should not be a contraindication to liver donation. However, accurate pre- and intraoperative radiologic and surgical evaluations are fundamental for a careful reconstruction plan., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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35. Laparoscopic-cholangioscopic cooperative modified tunnel technique for hepatolithiasis combined with dilated common bile duct: A case report and literature review.

Author: Ho CT, Le TH, Le VT, Vu VQ, Nguyen HNA, and Tran MT
Abstract: Introduction: Intrahepatic and extrahepatic lithiasis, a condition characterized by the presence of stones in the liver and bile ducts, is a common disease in Asia, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. We report a case with laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct using a flexible cholangioscope and modified trans-common bile duct tunnel for hepatolithiasis combined with the dilated common bile duct., Presentation of Case: A 35-year-old male patient has had chronic epigastric and right upper quadrant pain. The common bile duct was 11 mm dilated, and hepatolithiasis was also present, according to an upper abdomen MRI. The largest stone measured between 14 and 21 mm. A modified trans-common bile duct tunnel from the abdominal wall into the common bile duct was used in a laparoscopic procedure to examine the common bile duct. Complications during the procedure or following it were not present. The procedure took 120 min, and the blood loss was about 50 ml. The patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day, and a follow-up visit one month later revealed that single-session stone clearance had been accomplished., Discussion: Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct using a cholangioscope and modified trans-choledochal tube is applicable in selected patients and can be effectively and safely used to treat hepatolithiasis combined with the dilated common bile duct., Conclusion: In this case, we present an innovative approach for hepatolithiasis when combined with dilated common bile duct., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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36. Long-term Effects of the Raising Healthy Children Intervention on Family Functioning in Adulthood: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Le VT, Bailey JA, Pandika DM, Epstein M, and Satchell K
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Black or African American, Parents, Washington, Family Relations ethnology, Caregivers, Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, White, Parenting, Healthy People Programs
Abstract: Some universal prevention programs, such as Raising Healthy Children (RHC), have shown persisting and wide-ranging benefits in adulthood, long after the intervention has ended. Recent studies suggest that benefits may continue into the next generation as well. This study examines whether the RHC intervention, delivered in childhood, may promote healthy family functioning among participants who now have families of their own. Participants were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), a nonrandomized controlled trial of the RHC intervention prospectively following youths from 18 elementary schools in Seattle, Washington from 1985 to 2014. Participants who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study, along with their oldest biological child and an additional caregiver who shared responsibility for raising the child. Ten waves of data were collected between 2002 and 2018. The present analysis includes 298 SSDP parents, 258 caregivers who identified as a parent or partner of SSDP parent ("co-parent"), and 231 offspring. The SSDP parent sample was composed of 41.6% male, 21.1% Asian or Pacific Islander, 24.2% Black or African American, 6.4% Native American, and 48.3% white individuals. No significant intervention effects were found on adult romantic relationship quality; offspring bonding to co-parent; or co-parent past-month use of cannabis, cigarettes, or binge drinking. Findings highlight the continued need to understand how the benefits of theory-guided universal preventive interventions are sustained across the life course and how they may or may not shape family functioning for those who go on to have families and children of their own.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
Published: 2024
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37. Degradation of Triazole Fungicides by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria from Contaminated Agricultural Soil.

Author: Luong TT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen TD, Le VT, Pham THT, Ho TT, and Nguyen NL
Subjects: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Bacteria, Soil chemistry, Biodegradation, Environmental, Triazoles pharmacology, Triazoles metabolism, Soil Microbiology, Fungicides, Industrial pharmacology, Soil Pollutants metabolism
Abstract: The widespread application of triazole fungicides (TFs) in agricultural practices can result in the considerable accumulation of active compound residues in the soil and a subsequent negative impact on the soil microbiota and crop health. In this study, we isolated three TF-degrading bacterial strains from contaminated agricultural soils and identified them as Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Citrobacter sp. based on analysis of morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains used three common TFs, namely hexaconazole, difenoconazole, and propiconazole, as their only sources of carbon and energy for growth in a liquid mineral salt medium, with high concentrations (~ 500 mg/l) of each TF. In addition to the ability to degrade fungicides, the isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics, such as nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid production, phosphate dissolution, and cellulose degradation. The synergistic combination of three bacterial isolates significantly improved plant growth and development with an increased survival rate (57%), and achieved TF degradation ranging from 85.83 to 96.59% at a concentration of approximately 50 mg/kg of each TF within 45 days in the soil-plant system. Based on these findings, the three strains and their microbial consortium show promise for application in biofertilizers, to improve soil health and facilitate optimal plant growth.
Published: 2024
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38. 153 Sm-labeled Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib nanoparticles as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer: synthesis, quality control, and in vivo evaluation.

Author: Pham TM, Cao DV, Dang HHQ, Mai PMT, Nguyen TB, Dinh NBN, Nguyen TKG, Le TMH, Doan VD, Nguyen DT, and Le VT
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Mice, Female, Lapatinib, Tissue Distribution, Quality Control, Breast Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Nanoparticles
Abstract: The present study introduces Fe 3 O 4 -coated lapatinib-labeled 153 Sm nanoparticles (denoted as Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm) as a promising avenue for advancing breast cancer treatment. The radiolabeled nanoparticles combine various attributes, offering enhanced therapeutic precision. The integration of lapatinib confers therapeutic effects and targeted delivery. The inherent magnetic characteristics of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles contribute to improved imaging contrast and targeted localization. Incorporating the gamma-emitting 153 Sm isotope permits single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and radiation dose evaluation, while its beta-emitting nature ensures targeted cancer cell eradication. The synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm was meticulously optimized by investigating the effects of parameters on radiolabeling efficiency. Physicochemical attributes were scrutinized using several analytical techniques. In-depth in vivo assessment evaluated the biocompatibility, toxicity, and biodistribution in a murine model, illuminating clinical utility. Optimal conditions ( 153 SmCl 3 concentration of 10 mCi mL -1 , pH 7.4, a reaction time of 30 min, and a temperature of 25 °C) achieved >99% labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. The TEM analysis indicated that the diameter of Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm nanoparticles ranged from 10 to 40 nm. Vibrating-sample magnetometry verified their superparamagnetic behaviour with a saturation magnetization of 41.4 emu g -1 . The synthesized radiopharmaceutical exhibited high sterility and in vitro stability. Acute toxicity studies showed the mild effects of Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm at a dose of 20 mCi kg -1 , with no observed mortality. Notably, lesions from Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm use recovered naturally over time. Radiation doses below 20 mCi kg -1 were recommended for clinical trials. The biodistribution study in BT474 xenograft mice revealed rapid clearance of Fe 3 O 4 @lapatinib- 153 Sm within 48 h. Significant accumulation occurred in the liver, spleen, and tumor tissue, while minimal accumulation was found in other tissues. Future steps involve studying biocorona formation and therapeutic efficacy on tumour models, refining its clinical potential.
Published: 2024
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39. RNA therapeutics history and future perspectives.

Author: Duong HQ, Hoang MC, Nguyen TH, Ngo VL, and Le VT
Subjects: Humans, Pandemics, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, RNA, Small Interfering therapeutic use, Oligonucleotides, Antisense therapeutic use, RNA, Messenger, RNA, MicroRNAs genetics
Abstract: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics have significantly used RNA-based drugs to the prevention and treatment of diseases as effective messenger RNA-based vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The RNA therapeutics with five classes including antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, APTAMER and messenger RNAs are being quickly developed to treat various human diseases as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, genetic and rare disease, cancer disease, coronavirus disease… which cannot be treated by other conventional drugs as small molecule-based drugs and antibodies. Therefore, the discovery of these RNA therapeutics created a new avenue for treatment of various human diseases. This chapter demonstrates the history of important discoveries in RNA biology and their impact on key developments in RNA therapeutics as well as the advantages of RNA therapeutics; RNA therapeutics describes the action mechanisms and examples of RNA-based drugs approved for treatment of various disease; and RNA therapeutics discusses delivery methods for RNA therapeutics to target organs and cells. In conclusion, this chapter is designed to offer an updated important development and advance of RNA therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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40. RNA therapeutics for β-thalassemia.

Author: Duong HQ, Nguyen TH, Hoang MC, Ngo VL, and Le VT
Subjects: Humans, RNA metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA Splicing genetics, beta-Globins genetics, beta-Globins metabolism, beta-Thalassemia genetics, beta-Thalassemia therapy
Abstract: β-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by one or more mutations in the β-globin gene that reduces or abolishes β-globin chain synthesis causing an imbalance in the ratio of α- and β-globin chain. Therefore, the ability to target mutations will provide a good result in the treatment of β-thalassemia. RNA therapeutics represents a promising class of drugs inclusive antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and APTAMER have investigated in clinical trials for treatment of human diseases as β-thalassemia; Especially, ASO therapeutics can completely treat β-thalassemia patients by the way of making ASO infiltrating through erythrocyte progenitor cells, migrating to the nucleus and hybridizing with abnormal splicing sites to suppress an abnormal splicing pattern of β-globin pre-mRNA. As a result, the exactly splicing process is restored to increase the expression of β-globin which increases the amount of mature hemoglobin of red blood cells of β-thalassemia patients. Furthermore, current study demonstrates that RNA-based therapeutics get lots of good results for β-thalassemia patients. Then, this chapter focuses on current advances of RNA-based therapeutics and addresses current challenges with their development and application for treatment of β-thalassemia patients., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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41. Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam.

Author: Nguyen NPT, Nguyen HPA, Dang CK, Phan MT, Quynh HHN, Le VT, Dang CV, Ho TH, Phan VT, Dinh TV, Phan T, and Dang TAT
Subjects: Humans, Vietnam epidemiology, Mental Health, Pandemics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression epidemiology, Health Personnel, Anxiety epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize mental health issues among Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify related factors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 990 HCWs in 2021. Their mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale., Results: In total, 49.9%, 52.3%, and 29.8% of respondents were found to have depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model revealed that factors associated with increased anxiety scores included depression scores (β, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.51) and stress scores (β, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52). Factors associated with increased depression scores included being frontline HCWs (β, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.10), stress scores (β, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56), and anxiety scores (β, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.47), while working experience was associated with reduced depression scores (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.01). Factors associated with increased stress scores included working experience (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.16), personal protective equipment interference with daily activities (β, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.00), depression scores (β, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59), and anxiety scores (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.50), while age was associated with reduced stress scores (β, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.05)., Conclusions: Specific interventions are necessary to enhance and promote the mental health of HCWs so they can successfully cope with the circumstances of the pandemic.
Published: 2024
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42. Impact of Active vs Passive Statin Selection for Primary Prevention: The CorCal Vanguard Trial.

Author: Anderson JL, Knowlton KU, May HT, Le VT, Lappe' DL, Cripps ST, Schwab LH, Winslow T, Bair TL, and Muhlestein JB
Abstract: Background: Statins can improve outcomes in high-risk primary prevention populations. However, application in clinical practice has lagged., Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare an active vs a passive strategy (ie, usual care) to statin prescription for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)., Methods: A total of 3,770 patients ≥50 years of age without a history of ASCVD or statin use were invited to enroll in CorCal, with 601 consenting to participate. These patients were randomized 1:1 to statin initiation guided by the pooled cohort equation or by coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS). Outcomes (2.8-year follow-up) compared patients managed actively vs passively (randomly invited but declined or did not respond)., Results: Patient demographics were well matched. Statin recommendation was common among enrolled patients (41.7%). During follow-up, 25.3% of active patients were taking a statin vs 9.8% managed passively ( P < 0.0001). Active patients had more lipid panels (median 2.0 vs 1.0), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (109 vs 117 mg/dL) (both P < 0.0001), and a low rate of major adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up (0.6% vs 1.0%, P = 0.47). Statistical comparisons included t -tests, chi-squared tests, nonparametric tests, and time-to-event tests as appropriate., Conclusions: An active approach to statin selection for primary ASCVD prevention identified a large treatment opportunity and led to over twice as many patients on statins compared to passive (usual care) management. A large CorCal Outcomes Trial is underway to more definitively assess the impact on outcomes of active management of statins for primary prevention., Competing Interests: This study was supported by departmental funds. The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (© 2023 The Authors.)
Published: 2023
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43. Detection and molecular characterization of virulent Newcastle disease virus (subgenotype VII.2) in broiler chickens in Northern Vietnam.

Author: Tran THG, Dong VH, Le VT, Vu TN, Dang HA, and Huynh TML
Abstract: Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a major viral disease of poultry worldwide. However, data on the molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Vietnam are limited. This study aimed to identify the molecular characteristics of NDV strains from the vaccinated chickens farmed in Northern Vietnam., Materials and Methods: We used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to characterize NDV strains from vaccinated chicken farms in Northern Vietnam., Results: Seven out of 72 (9.7%) chicken tissue samples collected from seven chicken farms in the four cities/provinces in northern Vietnam were positive for the NDV genome by PCR method. The complete sequences of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of NDVs isolated in the North of Vietnam from 2021 to 2022 were further evaluated. The results indicated that all seven Vietnamese isolates obtained were reported as virulent NDV strains with the amino acid (AA) sequence of the F0 protein proteolytic cleavage site motif ( 112 RRRKRF 117 ). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were grouped with other NDV class II from subgenotype VII.2, including the two previous Vietnamese NDV (2015), the Chinese (2017), and Southern African (2013) NDV strains. In addition, some AA substitutions were observed in the neutralizing epitopes of the F and HN proteins of the current Vietnamese NDV strains., Conclusion: The present findings provide useful information for future studies of the evolution of NDVs and improve strategies for ND-controlling programs in Vietnam., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Tran, et al.)
Published: 2023
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44. Testing Cross-Generational Effects of the Raising Healthy Children Intervention on Young Adult Offspring of Intervention Participants.

Author: Bailey JA, Pandika D, Le VT, Epstein M, Steeger CM, and Hawkins JD
Subjects: Child, Young Adult, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Adult, Male, Follow-Up Studies, Parents education, Schools, Adult Children, Substance-Related Disorders prevention & control
Abstract: This study tested whether effects of a preventive intervention delivered in elementary school showed benefits for the young adult offspring of intervention recipients over 20 years later. The Raising Healthy Children (RHC) intervention, trialed in 18 public schools in Seattle, Washington, from 1980-1986 (grades 1-6), sought to build strong bonds to family and school to promote school success and avoidance of substance use and illegal behavior. Four intervention groups were constituted: full, late, parent training only, and control. Participants were followed through 2014 (age 39 years). Those who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study along with their oldest offspring (10 assessments between 2002 and 2018). This study includes young adult offspring (ages 18-25 years; n = 169; 52% female; 4% Asian, 25% Black, 40% multiracial, 4% Native American, 2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25% White, and 14% Hispanic/Latinx) of participants in the original RHC trial. Offspring outcome measures included high school noncompletion, financial functioning, alcohol misuse, cannabis misuse, cigarette use, criminal behavior, internalizing behavior, social skills, and social bonding. A global test across all young adult outcome measures showed that offspring of parents who received the full RHC intervention reported better overall functioning compared to offspring of control group parents. Analyses of individual outcomes showed that offspring of full intervention group parents reported better financial functioning than offspring of control group parents. Findings show the potential of universal preventive interventions to provide long-term benefits that reach into the next generation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019; retrospectively registered in 2019., (© 2023. Society for Prevention Research.)
Published: 2023
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45. Cu 2 O/Fe 3 O 4 /UiO-66 nanocomposite as an efficient fenton-like catalyst: Performance in organic pollutant degradation and influencing factors based machinelearning.

Author: Le TTN, Truong HB, Thi Hoa L, Le HS, Tran TTT, Manh TD, Le VT, Dinh QK, and Nguyen XC
Abstract: The persistent presence of organic pollutants like dyes in water environment necessitates innovative approaches for efficient degradation. In this research, we developed an advanced hybrid catalyst by combining metal oxides (Cu 2 O, Fe 3 O 4 ) with UiO-66, serving as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for for efficient RB19 breakdown in water with H 2 O 2 . The control factors to the catalytic behavior were also quantified by machine learning. Experimental results show that the catalytic performance was much better than its individual components (P < 0.05 & non-zero 95% C.I). The improved catalytic efficiency was linked to the occurrence of active metal centers (Fe, Cu, and Zr), with Cu(I) from Cu 2 O playing a crucial role in promoting increased production of HO • . Also, UiO-66 served as a catalyst support, attracting pollutants to the reaction center, while magnetic Fe 3 O 4 aids catalyst recovery. The optimal experimental parameters for best performance were pH at 7, catalyst loading of 1.6 g/L, H 2 O 2 strength of 0.16 M, and reaction temperature of 25 °C. The catalyst can be magnetically separated and regenerated after five recycling times without significantly reducing catalytic activity. The reaction time and pH were ranked as the most influencing factors on catalytic efficiency via Random Forest and SHapley Additive exPlanations models. The findings show that developed catalyst is a suitable candidate to remove dyes in water by Fenton heterogeneous reaction., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)
Published: 2023
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46. Intermittent fasting and changes in clinical risk scores: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Horne BD, Anderson JL, May HT, Le VT, Bair TL, Bennett ST, Knowlton KU, and Muhlestein JB
Abstract: Background: Intermittent fasting may increase longevity and lower cardiometabolic risk. This study evaluated whether fasting modifies clinical risk scores for mortality [i.e., Intermountain Mortality Risk Score (IMRS)] or chronic diseases [e.g., Pooled Cohort Risk Equations (PCRE), Intermountain Chronic Disease score (ICHRON)]., Methods and Results: Subjects (N = 71) completing the WONDERFUL trial were aged 21-70 years, had ≥1 metabolic syndrome criteria, elevated cholesterol, and no anti-diabetes medications, statins, or chronic diseases. The intermittent fasting arm underwent 24-h water-only fasting twice-per-week for 4 weeks and once-per-week for 22 weeks (26 weeks total). Analyses examined the IMRS change score at 26 weeks vs. baseline between intermittent fasting (n = 38) and ad libitum controls (n = 33), and change scores for PCRE, ICHRON, HOMA-IR, and a metabolic syndrome score (MSS). Age averaged 49 years; 65% were female. Intermittent fasting increased IMRS (0.78 ± 2.14 vs. controls: -0.61 ± 2.56; p = 0.010) but interacted with baseline IMRS (p-interaction = 0.010) to reduce HOMA-IR (but not MSS) more in subjects with higher baseline IMRS (median HOMA-IR change: fasters, -0.95; controls, +0.05) vs. lower baseline IMRS (-0.29 vs. -0.32, respectively). Intermittent fasting reduced ICHRON (-0.92 ± 2.96 vs. 0.58 ± 3.07; p = 0.035) and tended to reduce PCRE (-0.20 ± 0.22 vs. -0.14 ± 0.21; p = 0.054)., Conclusions: Intermittent fasting increased 1-year IMRS mortality risk, but decreased 10-year chronic disease risk (PCRE and ICHRON). It also reduced HOMA-IR more in subjects with higher baseline IMRS. Increased IMRS suggests fasting may elevate short-term mortality risk as a central trigger for myriad physiological responses that elicit long-term health improvements. Increased IMRS may also reveal short-term fasting-induced safety concerns., Competing Interests: BDH, HTM, and JLA are inventors of risk scores (including IMRS; not ICHRON) licensed by Intermountain to Alluceo and CareCentra. BDH is a member of the advisory boards of Opsis Health and Lab Me Analytics, a consultant to Pfizer regarding risk scores (funds paid to Intermountain), PI of a risk prediction grant from 10.13039/100004325AstraZeneca, and site PI of a grant funded by the Task Force for Global Health. KUK and BDH are site PIs of grants from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the NIH RECOVER initiative. The authors declare no other potential conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)
Published: 2023
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47. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events.

Author: Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, McCubrey RO, Bair TL, Horne BD, May HT, Muhlestein JB, Nelson JR, Carlquist JF, Knowlton KU, Jain M, and Anderson JL
Abstract: Introduction: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (OM3 PUFA) are commonly used for cardiovascular disease prevention. High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is reported to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); however, a combined EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has not been proven to do so. This study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction between EPA and DHA levels on long-term MACE., Methods: We studied a cohort of 987 randomly selected subjects enrolled in the INSPIRE biobank registry who underwent coronary angiography. We used rapid throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the EPA and DHA plasma levels and examined their impact unadjusted, adjusted for one another, and fully adjusted for comorbidities, EPA + DHA, and the EPA/DHA ratio on long-term (10-year) MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization)., Results: The average subject age was 61.5 ± 12.2 years, 57% were male, 41% were obese, 42% had severe coronary artery disease (CAD), and 311 (31.5%) had a MACE. The 10-year MACE unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest (fourth) vs. lowest (first) quartile (Q) of EPA was HR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.67). The adjustment for DHA changed the HR to 0.30 (CI: 0.19, 0.49), and an additional adjustment for baseline differences changed the HR to 0.36 (CI: 0.22, 0.58). Conversely, unadjusted DHA did not significantly predict MACE, but adjustment for EPA resulted in a 1.81-fold higher risk of MACE (CI: 1.14, 2.90) for Q4 vs. Q1. However, after the adjustment for baseline differences, the risk of MACE was not significant for DHA (HR = 1.37; CI: 0.85, 2.20). An EPA/DHA ratio ≥1 resulted in a lower rate of 10-year MACE outcomes (27% vs. 37%, adjusted p -value = 0.013)., Conclusions: Higher levels of EPA, but not DHA, are associated with a lower risk of MACE. When combined with EPA, higher DHA blunts the benefit of EPA and is associated with a higher risk of MACE in the presence of low EPA. These findings can help explain the discrepant results of EPA-only and EPA/DHA mixed clinical supplementation trials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor (MB) declared a past coauthorship with the authors (JN and VL)., (© 2023 Le, Knight, Watrous, Najhawan, Dao, Mccubrey, Bair, Horne, May, Muhlestein, Nelson, Carlquist, Knowlton, Jain and Anderson.)
Published: 2023
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48. Quantitative imaging biomarkers of coronary plaque morphology: insights from EVAPORATE.

Author: Buckler AJ, Doros G, Kinninger A, Lakshmanan S, Le VT, Libby P, May HT, Muhlestein JB, Nelson JR, Nicolaou A, Roy SK, Shaikh K, Shekar C, Tayek JA, Zheng L, Bhatt DL, and Budoff MJ
Abstract: Aims: Residual cardiovascular risk persists despite statin therapy. In REDUCE-IT, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced total events, but the mechanisms of benefit are not fully understood. EVAPORATE evaluated the effects of IPE on plaque characteristics by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Given the conclusion that the IPE-treated patients demonstrate that plaque burden decreases has already been published in the primary study analysis, we aimed to demonstrate whether the use of an analytic technique defined and validated in histological terms could extend the primary study in terms of whether such changes could be reliably seen in less time on drug, at the individual (rather than only at the cohort) level, or both, as neither of these were established by the primary study result., Methods and Results: EVAPORATE randomized the patients to IPE 4 g/day or placebo. Plaque morphology, including lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), fibrous cap thickness, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), was assessed using the ElucidVivo® (Elucid Bioimaging Inc.) on CCTA. The changes in plaque morphology between the treatment groups were analyzed. A neural network to predict treatment assignment was used to infer patient representation that encodes significant morphological changes. Fifty-five patients completed the 18-month visit in EVAPORATE with interpretable images at each of the three time points. The decrease of LRNC between the patients on IPE vs. placebo at 9 months (reduction of 2 mm 3 vs. an increase of 41 mm 3 , p = 0.008), widening at 18 months (6 mm 3 vs. 58 mm 3 increase, p = 0.015) were observed. While not statistically significant on a univariable basis, reductions in wall thickness and increases in cap thickness motivated multivariable modeling on an individual patient basis. The per-patient response assessment was possible using a multivariable model of lipid-rich phenotype at the 9-month follow-up, p < 0.01 (sustained at 18 months), generalizing well to a validation cohort., Conclusion: Plaques in the IPE-treated patients acquired more characteristics of stability. Reliable assessment using histologically validated analysis of individual response is possible at 9 months, with sustained stabilization at 18 months, providing a quantitative basis to elucidate drug mechanism and assess individual patient response., Competing Interests: MB receives grant support from Amarin, participates in its speaker's bureau, and receives grant support from General Electric. AB is the founder and shareholder of Elucid Bioimaging, Inc. PL is an unpaid consultant to or involved in clinical trials for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Baim Institute, Beren Therapeutics, Esperion Therapeutics, Genentech, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Regeneron. PL is a member of the scientific advisory board for Amgen, Caristo, Cartesian, CSL Behring, DalCor Pharmaceuticals, Dewpoint, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Olatec Therapeutics, MedImmune, Novartis, PlaqueTec, and XBiotech, Inc. PL's laboratory has received research funding from Novartis, Genentech, and Novo Nordisk in the last 2 years. PL is on the Board of Directors of XBiotech, Inc. PL has a financial interest in Xbiotech, a company developing therapeutic human antibodies. DB discloses the following relationships—Advisory Board: Angiowave, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, High Enroll, Janssen, Level Ex, McKinsey, Medscape Cardiology, Merck, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novo Nordisk, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regado Biosciences, Stasys; Board of Directors: Angiowave (stock options), Boston VA Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb (stock), DRS.LINQ (stock options), High Enroll (stock), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; Chair: Inaugural Chair, American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Consultant: Broadview Ventures, Hims; Data Monitoring Committees: Acesion Pharma, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Boston Scientific (Chair, PEITHO trial), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Contego Medical (Chair, PERFORMANCE 2), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo; for the ABILITY-DM trial, funded by Concept Medical), Novartis, Population Health Research Institute; Rutgers University (for the NIH-funded MINT Trial); Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; Chair, ACC Accreditation Oversight Committee), Arnold and Porter law firm (work related to Sanofi/Bristol-Myers Squibb clopidogrel litigation), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group (clinical trial steering committees), CSL Behring (AHA lecture), Cowen and Company, Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), Level Ex, Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), MJH Life Sciences, Oakstone CME (Course Director, Comprehensive Review of Interventional Cardiology), Piper Sandler, Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national co-leader, funded by Bayer); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Patent: Sotagliflozin (named on a patent for sotagliflozin assigned to Brigham and Women's Hospital who assigned to Lexicon; neither I nor Brigham and Women's Hospital receive any income from this patent); Research Funding: Abbott, Acesion Pharma, Afimmune, Aker Biomarine, Alnylam, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beren, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Chiesi, CinCor, Cleerly, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Garmin, HLS Therapeutics, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Janssen, Javelin, Lexicon, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Moderna, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Owkin, Pfizer, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Recardio, Regeneron, Reid Hoffman Foundation, Roche, Sanofi, Stasys, Synaptic, The Medicines Company, Youngene, 89Bio; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Braunwald's Heart Disease); Site Co-Investigator: Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, Endotronix, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Philips, SpectraWAVE, Svelte, Vascular Solutions; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, Takeda. JN discloses the following: Amarin, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Boston Heart Diagnostic speaker bureaus. Consultant and advisor to and stock shareholder of Amarin Pharma and Amgen. AN was employed by Elucid Bioimaging Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Buckler, Doros, Kinninger, Lakshmanan, Le, Libby, May, Muhlestein, Nelson, Nicolaou, Roy, Shaikh, Shekar, Tayek, Zheng, Bhatt and Budoff.)
Published: 2023
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49. The association between cannabis use and risk of non-medical pain reliever misuse onset among young adults in a legal cannabis context.

Author: Rhew IC, Le VT, Ramirez JJ, Fleming CB, Kilmer JR, Delawalla MLM, Hultgren BA, Lee CM, Larimer ME, and Guttmannova K
Subjects: Humans, Young Adult, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Prospective Studies, Pain drug therapy, Cannabis, Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy, Medical Marijuana, Prescription Drug Misuse
Abstract: Background: Little is known about the prospective relationship between cannabis use and pain reliever misuse. This study examined associations of non-medical and medical cannabis use with onset of non-medical pain reliever misuse among young adults in Washington State (WA), where non-medical cannabis is legal., Methods: Data were from a cohort-sequential study of adults 18-25 residing in WA. Four annual surveys were used from cohorts recruited in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Participants who had not reported non-medical pain reliever misuse at baseline were included in discrete time survival analyses (N = 4,236). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for new onset of non-medical pain reliever misuse in any given follow-up year over the course of three years according to baseline non-medical and medical cannabis use., Results: When included separately in models, non-medical and medical cannabis use at baseline were associated with increased risk of non-medical pain reliever misuse adjusting for demographic characteristics as well as past year cigarette use and alcohol use (non-medical OR = 5.27; 95 % CI: 3.28, 8.48; medical OR = 2.21; 95 % CI: 1.39, 3.52). Including both forms of use in the model, associations of non-medical and medical cannabis use with non-medical pain reliever misuse onset remained (non-medical OR = 4.64; 95 % CI: 2.88, 7.49; medical OR = 1.65; 95 % CI: 1.04, 2.62)., Conclusions: Despite claims that cannabis use may reduce opioid use and related harms, findings suggest that cannabis use, including medical use, may not be protective, but instead may increase risk for non-medical pain reliever misuse., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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50. Tumor-related epilepsy and post-surgical outcomes: tertiary hospital experience in Vietnam.

Author: Le VT, Nguyen AM, Pham TA, and Nguyen PL
Subjects: Humans, Quality of Life, Vietnam, Tertiary Care Centers, Treatment Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Seizures etiology, Glioma pathology, Epilepsy epidemiology, Epilepsy surgery, Epilepsy complications, Brain Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Seizures have a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer. This study aimed to evaluate the variables that influence the incidence of seizures during the perioperative period and effective measures to enhance epilepsy outcomes among individuals undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors. The authors carried out a prospective observational analysis of all patients who experienced seizures before their brain tumor surgery at UMC, HCMC between 2020 and 2022. 54 cases presented with seizures were enrolled for the study, generalized seizure was the most prevalent seizure type (61.1%), followed by focal seizure (29.6%). The majority of patients presented with seizures are those who were diagnosed with glioma. Low-grade gliomas and frontotemporal lobe tumors increase the postoperative risk of seizure. Other predictive factors are a prolonged history of seizure, especially resistant epilepsy and major peritumoral edema. In contrast, gross total resection reduces postoperative seizure incidence. There was correlation between Ki67 proliferation index and seizure incidence in both low-grade and high-grade gliomas. ECoG made insubstantial difference in enhancing the epilepsy surgery outcome. Overall, 88.9% of patients were seizure-free at 6 months of follow-up (Engel Class I), 7.4% were almost seizure-free (Class II), and 3.7% had significant improvement (Class III), figures for 12-month follow-up were 87.0%, 9.3%, and 3.7% respectively. A shorter history of seizure and gross-total resection appear to be associated with a favorable prognosis for seizure control., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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