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Vietnam's trade balance was positive with the United States, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, and Austria. However, it was negative in several countries, including South Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, and Argentina. This paper aims to investigate the asymmetric effects of several macroeconomic factors on Vietnam's trade balance in the post-global financial crisis era. This paper aims to capture better the nuanced effects of free trade agreements on Vietnam's trade balance. Using regression methods like Pooled OLS, Random Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Hausman Taylor, it analyzes factors affecting bilateral trade with Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia nations. These factors include gross domestic product (GDP), population, distance, exchange rates, national borders, and Free Trade Agreements. Findings suggest that GDP, population, and exchange rates significantly influence Vietnam's trade relationships, but free trade agreements have not yielded the expected results. This study's novelty lies in its exploration of comprehensive regression analysis, offering valuable insights into Vietnam's trade dynamics.

From 2011 to 2012, Northern Vietnam suffered its first large-scale hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic. Two sets of official guidelines were issued during the outbreak to handle the HFMD crisis. The city of Hai Phong was used as a model to analyze the impact of the released guidelines. A total of 9621 HFMD cases were reported in Hai Phong city from April 2011 to December 2012. Three distinct waves of HFMD occurred. Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 were successively associated with the epidemics. Two periods, before and after the guidelines’ release, could be distinguished and characterized by different patient patterns. The time to admission and severity changed notably. Guideline publications help the health system refocus on the 0.5–3 years age group with the highest incidence of the disease. The three waves showed different special distribution, but the main routes of infection were rivers and local secondary roads, most likely through local trade and occupational movements of people.

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods: With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed. Results: In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.

IntroductionThis study explores women’s agribusiness by employing feminist theories to gain an understanding of the gender dimension of business beyond economic value, including non-material and non-market aspects associated with social reproduction.MethodsWe conducted fieldwork between July and October 2021 in Vietnam through in-depth interviews with 16 women entrepreneurs in towns on the border with China, who engage in livestock-trading, and in the Central Highlands, who engage in domestic and international horticultural trade.ResultsOur findings confirm that women entrepreneurs manage their business, family, and family relations together as one consolidated commitment in flexible, informal, and creative ways. Research focusing solely on economic analyses obscures not only women’s hidden labor and time in the household that enable men to dominate agribusiness, but also women’s resistance to male-privileged agribusiness.DiscussionPositioning social reproduction at the center of women’s economic activities enables researchers to have a full picture of how male-privileged agri-food systems are sustained, which is the first step towards disrupting existing inequalities in agri-food systems.

Purpose – This paper examines whether guests contribute sWOM (social word of mouth) on different SNSs (social networking sites) regarding various personal motivations. SNSs have changed the way guests eat and experience their food and dishes. Marketing managers have effectively targeted SNSs as a marketing tool, yet have little research about drivers of guests' sWOM contribution on SNSs has been done. A model including the significant motives: (1) experiences, (2) opinion leadership, (3) reflection of self and (4) need for unique is tested to investigate their positive effects on contribution behavior of social media guests. Design/methodology/approach – The data collected from 411 guests by using the snowball method was used for analysis. The structural equation modeling was applied to examine the relationships among the constructs and test the eight proposed hypotheses. Findings – Results reveal that experiences, opinion leadership, reflection of self and need for unique were positively associated with contributing sWOM of restaurants. Furthermore, those who have positive experiences tend to be opinion leadership and reflection of self. And guests who show reflection of self, they are more likely to have opinion leaders and show need for uniqueness. Our study expands the existing frameworks of sWOM contribution by identifying various motivations and labeling sWOM. Findings provide restaurant managers with managerial implications for online marketing strategies on SNSs to attract sWOM contribution among guests. Research limitations/implications – It has some limitations while discovering the motivations of positive sWOM contribution. First, we only focused on the motivation of contributing positive sWOM, while negative sWOM received many arguments in changing attitudes toward buying products or services. Second, we collected data in Vietnam only without comparing with different countries. Future research could explore further cross-cultural perspectives to fill the gap. Third, this study explored sWOM contribution in service environment, sWOM contribution from service context may be slightly different from those of product brands. Practical implications – These findings highlight the motivations of sWOM contribution that restaurant managers must recognize and make use of it. SNSs have given power to consumers to post everything at anytime and anywhere they like, therefore restaurant managers need to deeply understand why their consumers contribute sWOM. In digital era, customers and guests have become the ultimate tools for promoting product or service brands. The marketing managers should create an online platform in order to facilitate their consumers to discuss their brand frequently (Charu et al., 2018). Restaurants should have policies to push positive eWOM maximally and also reduce advertising costs. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies on sWOM contribution of what motivate guests to contribute their sWOM on SNSs. Theoretically, this study offers deep insights into the links between various motivations and sWOM in foodservice context. Managerially, understanding these motivations allow marketing managers create effective policies that motivate guests to contribute positive word of mouth.

Bài viết nghiên cứu tác động của chu kỳ chuyển đổi tiền mặt (CCC) đến khả năng sinh lời của 58 doanh nghiệp ngành xây dựng niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam giai đoạn 2014 - 2018. Nghiên cứu sử dụng các phương pháp hồi quy, như: Pooled OLS, REM, FEM và cuối cùng là GLS sau khi thực hiện các kiểm định. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng: Thời gian thu tiền trung bình (ACP), số ngày tồn kho (INT), chu kỳ chuyển đổi tiền mặt (CCC) và đòn bẩy tài chính (LEV) có tác động ngược chiều đến khả năng sinh lời với độ tin cậy cao, được đại diện qua hai chỉ tiêu, gồm: Lợi nhuận trên tổng tài sản (ROA) và lợi nhuận trên vốn chủ sở hữu (ROE) nhưng biến quy mô doanh nghiệp (SIZE) cho kết quả ngược lại. Tuy nhiên, thời gian thanh toán trung bình (APP) lại có tác động cùng chiều với ROE và có ý nghĩa thống kê cao nhưng lại không có ý nghĩa thống kê với ROA. Ngoài ra, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy: Chưa có đủ bằng chứng khoa học về sự ảnh hưởng của khả năng thanh toán ngắn hạn (CR) đến khả năng sinh lời.

Using the stress test, we measured the Comercial banks' withstand under pressure caused by the outbreak of COVID-19, which led to a freeze of the real estate market, a fall of the stock market, and an increase of non-performing loans (NPLs). The findings show positive and hopeful signs. Even though the real estate and stock markets fell by 40%, resulting in a significant devaluation of the banks' loan collaterals, banks do not need to supplement provisions for credit risk. The high number of NPLs, which lead to increased provisioning, erodes net earnings, reducing the capital adequacy ratio (CAR). Banks can still meet both the 9% minimum CAR requirement and the 3% maximum NPL requirement. The study also identifies the maximum safety threshold of the Vietnamese banking system, which averaged up to a 50% increase in NPLs. Two of the country's top 10 banks are even able to maintain a CAR greater than 9% and an NPL ratio below 3%, although NPLs increase to 450% and 215% compared to these before the shock, respectively. JEL: E50, G21

Industry 4.0 and digital technology has been affecting banking activities in most of bank system in emerging markets, esp. in Vietnam, one of the countries having high economic growth in ASEAN nations; so, quality management of technology issues and cyber security management are rising. There are main technologies in 4.0 revolution to process information including: Big Data database technologies, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, IoT, AI, Business Intelligence, Data Mining and Blockchain Technologies. These technologies are successively implemented in developed and improved security procedures IT and cybersecurity risk management. Also changes to the operating environment IT can occur suddenly and without warning, such as under the COVID-19 international emergency. As the critical sector financial is adapting to expanded remote operations, there is the potential for increased vulnerabilities and potential amplification of the effect of cybersecurity threats. Therefore, organizations need to own the ability to make in new ICT and cybersecurity investments to quickly and effectively adapt to address unforeseen circumstances for better quality management of technology.

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease with a case fatality rate approaching 100% in domestic pigs. The main objectives of this study were to describe the spatiotemporal analysis as well as to assess the potential risk factors along the pig value chain in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. A total of 925 outbreaks were reported from 2019 to 2020. The three clusters (primary, secondary and 5th) were observed near the Chinese border. The most temporal clusters were detected between May and August during the study period. In addition, we evaluated the association between ASF outbreak locations to the nearest main roads and elevation. For ASF outbreak locations to the nearest main roads, compared with the reference (1,500 m), the farm locations with

COVID-19 pandemic currently affects nearly all countries and regions in the world. Washing hands, together with other preventive measures, to be considered one of the most important measures to prevent the disease. This study aimed to characterize reported handwashing practices of Vietnamese people during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. Kobo Toolbox platform was used to design the online survey. There were 837 people participating in this survey. All independent variables were described by calculating frequencies and percentages. Univariate linear regression was used with a significant level of 0.05. Multiple linear regression was conducted to provide a theoretical model with collected predictors. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents used soap as the primary choice when washing their hands. Sixty percent of the participants washed their hands at all essential times, however, only 26.3% practiced washing their hands correctly, and only 28.4% washed their hands for at least 20 seconds. Although 92.1% washed hands after contacting with surfaces at public places (e.g., lifts, knob doors), only 66.3% practiced handwashing after removing masks. Females had better reported handwashing practices than male participants (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.15–3.09). Better knowledge of handwashing contributed to improving reported handwashing practice (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20–1.41). Poorer handwashing practices were likely due, at least in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic information on the internet, social media, newspapers, and television. Although the number of people reported practicing their handwashing was rather high, only a quarter of them had corrected reported handwashing practices. Communication strategy on handwashing should emphasize on the minimum time required for handwashing as well as the six handwashing steps.

Vietnam is facing a shortage of skilled Environmental health workforce. A Training Needs Assessment was conducted to develop a list of environmental health tasks, a list of core competencies and assess the need for a Master of Environmental Health training program in Vietnam. To answer these questions, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Vietnam in 2017, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study involved a desk review, 29 in-depth interviews, two consultative workshops, and two expert meetings. For the quantitative component, 298 environmental health staff working at different levels completed a structured postal questionnaire. Results showed that different sectors were implementing various environmental health tasks but that there was currently no training program focusing on environmental health in Vietnam. Thirteen core competencies for a Master of Environmental Health were recommended. An urgent need to develop training programs to help building environmental health competencies at the Masters degree level was uniformly expressed. This could be achieved by developing a Master of Public Health with an Environmental Health stream in the short-term and a Master of Environmental Health program in the long-term.

Cây Đìa đụm (Heliciopsis lobata (Merr.) Sleum) có nhiều tác dụng trong điều trị bệnh và được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các bài thuốc y học cổ truyền của người dân tộc thiểu số. Trong nghiên cứu này, dịch chiết methanol từ lá của cây Đìa đụm được sử dụng để đánh giá khả năng ức chế các tế bào ung thư vú và ung thư gan bằng phương pháp sàng lọc MTT, phân tích hình thái tế bào và hình thái kiểu nhân apoptosis bằng thuốc nhuộm nhân tế bào DAPI. Kết quả cho thấy dịch chiết methanol của lá cây Đìa đụm đã ức chế sự tăng sinh tế bào ung thư gan dòng HepG2 và ung vú dòng MCF7 với giá trị IC50 tương ứng là 0,084 mg/mL và 0,812 mg/mL. Dịch chiết này cảm ứng quá trình apoptosis đối với dòng tế bào HepG2 mạnh hơn so với dòng tế bào MCF7, và như vậy có tiềm năng chống lại sự tăng sinh của các tế bào ung thư gan.

Background: Achieving access to clean water and basic sanitation remains as major challenges in Vietnam, especially for vulnerable groups such as minority people, despite all the progress made by the Millennium Development Goal number 7.C. Objectives: The study aimed to describe the access to improved water sources and sanitation of the ethnic minority people in Vietnam based on a national survey and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with a sample size of 1385 ethnic minority households in 12 provinces in Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the probability of having access to improved water sources and sanitation and sociodemographic status at a significance level of P

Background: The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030. Methods: The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5. Results: The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017. Conclusions: Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.

Abstract Background In 2011–2012, Northern Vietnam experienced its first large scale hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic. In 2011, a major HFMD epidemic was also reported in South Vietnam with fatal cases. This 2011–2012 outbreak was the first one to occur in North Vietnam providing grounds to study the etiology, origin and dynamic of the disease. We report here the analysis of the VP1 gene of strains isolated throughout North Vietnam during the 2011–2012 outbreak and before. Methods The VP1 gene of 106 EV-A71 isolates from North Vietnam and 2 from Central Vietnam were sequenced. Sequence alignments were analyzed at the nucleic acid and protein level. Gene polymorphism was also analyzed. A Factorial Correspondence Analysis was performed to correlate amino acid mutations with clinical parameters. Results The sequences were distributed into four phylogenetic clusters. Three clusters corresponded to the subgenogroup C4 and the last one corresponded to the subgenogroup C5. Each cluster displayed different polymorphism characteristics. Proteins were highly conserved but three sites bearing only Isoleucine (I) or Valine (V) were characterized. The isoleucine/valine variability matched the clusters. Spatiotemporal analysis of the I/V variants showed that all variants which emerged in 2011 and then in 2012 were not the same but were all present in the region prior to the 2011–2012 outbreak. Some correlation was found between certain I/V variants and ethnicity and severity. Conclusions The 2011–2012 outbreak was not caused by an exogenous strain coming from South Vietnam or elsewhere but by strains already present and circulating at low level in North Vietnam. However, what triggered the outbreak remains unclear. A selective pressure is applied on I/V variants which matches the genetic clusters. I/V variants were shown on other viruses to correlate with pathogenicity. This should be investigated in EV-A71. I/V variants are an easy and efficient way to survey and identify circulating EV-A71 strains.

Objective: This study aims to characterize household trends in access to improved water sources and sanitaton in Chi Linh Town, Hai Duong Province, Vietnam, and to identify factors affecting those trends. Method: Data were extracted from the Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHILILAB HDSS) database from 2004–2014, which included household access to improved water sources, household access to improved sanitation, and household demographic data. Descriptive statistical analysis and multinominal logistic regression were used. The results showed that over a 10-year period (2004–2014), the proportion of households with access to improved water and improved sanitation increased by 3.7% and 28.3%, respectively. As such, the 2015 Millennium Development Goal targets for safe drinking water and basic sanitation were met. However, 13.5% of households still had unimproved water and sanitation. People who are retired, work in trade or services, or other occupations were 1.49, 1.97, and 1.34 times more likely to have access to improved water and sanitation facilities than farming households, respectively (p < 0.001). Households living in urban areas were 1.84 times more likely than those living in rural areas to have access to improved water sources and improved sanitation facilities (OR =1.84; 95% CI = 1.73–1.96). Non-poor households were 2.12 times more likely to have access to improved water sources and improved sanitation facilities compared to the poor group (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 2.00–2.25). More efforts are required to increase household access to both improved water and sanitation in Chi Linh Town, focusing on the 13.5% of households currently without access. Similar to situations observed elsewhere in Vietnam and other low- and middle- income countries, there is a need to address socio-economic factors that are associated with inadequate access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities.

It is indicated that children are involuntarily exposed to secondhand smoke from adults, mainly at their home environment. This study aimed at describing the effectiveness of the school-based intervention to decrease the in-home smoking situation of adults so as to decrease children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home during the year 2011–2012 in a rural district in Hanoi, Viet Nam. This school-based intervention program (intervention and control group) involved 804 children aged 8 to 11 years from August 2011 to May 2012 in a rural district of Hanoi, Viet Nam. Children were taught in class about the harmful effects of secondhand smoke and about how to negotiate with fathers not to smoke in-home. Then children applied what they learnt, including staying away from secondhand smoke and persuading fathers not to smoke in-home in order to decrease children’s exposure to secondhand smoke. Chi square test, t-test and multinominal logistic regression were applied in data analysis. The results showed that children’s reported their father’s in-home smoking decreased from 83.0% pre-intervention to 59.8% post-intervention (p < 0.001) in the intervention school while no change happened in the control school. The study found that the better changed smoking location of adult smokers as reported by children associated with the school who received intervention activities (adjusted OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.28–3.24). Poorer changed attitudes towards secondhand smoke of children associated with a lower percentage of better change in smoking location of their fathers/other adult smokers (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.96). Children’s poorer changed knowledge towards secondhand smoke also associated with poorer changed smoking location of adult smokers (aOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.07–7.76). It is recommended by this study that similar school based intervention approaches should be applied in primary schools in Viet Nam to increase children’s awareness on the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke and to help them to be able to avoid their exposure to secondhand smoke at their home environment.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện dựa vào việc khảo sát 66 hộ nuôi ở 2 huyện Châu Phú và Phú Tân của tỉnh An Giang và sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hàm biên ngẫu nhiên (SFA- Stochastic Frontier Analysis) để đo lường hiệu quả chi phí (CE – Cost Efficiency) của các hộ nuôi cá tra ở tỉnh An Giang. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, CE bình quân của các hộ nuôi đạt 71% và có sự khác biệt về CE giữa các hộ nuôi. Những yếu tố có tác động tích cực đến CE của các hộ nuôi bao gồm: việc sử dụng con giống được chứng nhận sạch bệnh và trình độ học vấn cao của người nuôi chính. Chính vì vậy, việc phát triển lượng cung con giống sạch bệnh cho hộ nuôi là một chính sách cần thiết để cải thiện CE cho các hộ nuôi cá tra ở An Giang.

Đề tài nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của liều lượng kali bón kết hợp với đạm đến chất lượng củ khoai lang Tím Nhật (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) ở tỉnh Vĩnh Long được thực hiện nhằm tìm ra liều lượng kali và đạm bón thích hợp để khoai lang cho củ có phẩm chất tốt và tăng thời gian bảo quản. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo thể thức khối hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên, với 3 lần lặp lại, gồm 7 nghiệm thức, mỗi lần lặp lại là 35 m2. Các nghiệm thức là 100 kg N/ha và 80 kg P2O5/ha kết hợp với 5 liều lượng bón kali (0, 100, 150, 200 và 250 kg K2O/ha) và nghiệm thức bón 80 P2O5 - 250 K2O kết hợp với 2 liều lượng đạm (125 kg N/ha và 187 kg N/ha). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy kali bón ở mức 200 kg K2O/ha cho khoai lang Tím Nhật có phẩm chất củ như hàm lượng đường tổng số, tinh bột, hàm lượng anthocyanin cao nhất, chất xơ thô thấp và có thời gian bảo quản dài. Vì vậy, trong canh tác khoai lang Tím Nhật ở tỉnh Vĩnh Long, nông dân có thể bón kali ở mức 200 kg K2O/ha kết hợp với 100 kg N/ha - 80 kg P2O5/ha để tăng phẩm chất và thời gian bảo quản củ.

Vietnam is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. The country suffers from many kinds of natural disasters, of which the most common and serious one is flooding. Long and heavy rainfall during the last days of October and the first week of November 2008 resulted in a devastating flood unseen for over three decades in the capital city of Hanoi. It caused a substantial health impact on residents in and around the city and compromised the capacity of local health services. The aim of this study is to ascertain the vulnerability and health impacts of the devastating flood in Hanoi by identifying the differences in mortality, injuries, and morbidity patterns (dengue, pink eye, dermatitis, psychological problems, and hypertension) between flood affected and non-affected households. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 871 households in four selected communes (two heavily flood affected and two comparatively less affected) from two severely flooded districts of Hanoi. Participants were interviewed and information collected on the social, economic, and health impacts of the devastation within 1 month after the flood. The self-reported number of deaths and injuries reported in this study within 1 month after the heavy rainfall were a bit higher in severely affected communes as compared to that of the less affected communes of our study. The findings showed higher incidences of dengue fever, pink eye, dermatitis, and psychological problems in communes severely affected by flood as compared to that of the controlled communes. For people in flood prone areas (at risk for flooding), flood prevention and mitigation strategies need to be seriously thought through and acted upon, as these people are exposed to greater health problems such as psychological issues and communicable diseases such as pink eye or dermatitis.

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định các thuộc tính cảm quan và thị hiếu của người tiêu dùng đối với các sản phẩm sữa chua bổ sung các loại mứt trái cây gồm mứt khóm - chanh dây, mứt mít và mứt thanh long ruột đỏ (thuộc dự án RIP do Bộ môn Công nghệ thực phẩm điều phối), kết hợp với việc so sánh với hai loại sữa chua trên thị trường gồm sữa chua trái cây Vinamilk và sữa chua dâu Zottinos.Kết quả phân tích mô tả các thuộc tính cho thấy các thuộc tính này của năm loại sữa chua là có sự khác biệt nhau. Màu trắng, trạng thái xơ nhám, mùi trái cây là các thuộc tính phân biệt. Các thuộc tính mùi sữa, cấu trúc cứng chắc, vị ngọt, trạng thái đồng nhất là các thuộc tính góp phần tạo nên sản phẩm có chất lượng cao.Sự chấp nhận năm sản phẩm trên được dự đoán bởi mùi vị, mức độ ưa thích sản phẩm nói chung và chất lượng sản phẩm. Việc chấp nhận các sản phẩm không có sự khác biệt bởi giới tính nhưng lại có sự khác biệt bởi các nhóm tuổi dựa vào mức độ thích sản phẩm nói chung. Thứ tự sản phẩm được ưu thích theo trật tự giảm dần là sữa chua Vinamilk trái cây, sữa chua Zottinos dâu, sữa chua khóm-chanh dây, sữa chua mít và sữa chua thanh long ruột đỏ.

Từ 10 mẫu cây thuốc được đồng bào dân tộc Mường xã Quang Lạc, huyện Nho Quan, tỉnh Ninh Bình sử dụng để làm thuốc, chúng tôi đã tiến hành định tính để xác định sự có mặt của coumarin bằng cả hai phương pháp sắc ký lớp mỏng và phản ứng hoá học của nhóm lacton. Kết quả cho thấy hầu hết các mẫu nghiên cứu đều có thể chứa coumarin hoặc dẫn xuất của chúng. Tiếp theo, dịch chiết từ 10 cây thuốc này được đánh giá khả năng kháng khuẩn, kết quả cho thấy 8/10 loài nghiên cứu đều có khả năng kháng lại đồng thời cả 4 loại vi khuẩn gây bệnh. Trong đó, hai loài Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. và Pterolobium integrum Craib thể hiện tính kháng rất rõ rệt.

The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the obstacles for HIV/AIDS programs in limited-resource countries like Vietnam to achieve the HIV/AIDS-related Sustainable Development target. The paper aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of HIV/AIDS services-a pathway to achieving universal health coverage for key populations (KPs). Employing mix-methods, we conducted a desk study, one focus group discussion, and ten in-depth interviews with participants from the Ministry of Health, Provincial Centres for Disease Control, and HIV/AIDS-related facilities. The results showed the reduced coverage of KPs with access to prevention (i.e., harm-reduction services, counselling), testing, and treatment services (i.e., antiretroviral therapy, isoniazid preventive therapy). It also showed the reduced coverage of quality essential services, mainly in skipping consultation and testing, delaying un-emergency services, and redirecting KPs to non-HIV-specialised facilities. There was a gap in providing support for mental health, violence/abuse, and reproductive health. Financial risk protection for KPs was reduced due to uncertain local budget allocation; decreasing their ability to pay for HIV/AIDS-related services and social health insurance premiums; and increased out-of-pocket payments to comply with the COVID-19 control measures. This paper provides recommendations for strategic planning to ensure universal health coverage for KPs in the post COVID-19 era, especially for limited-resource countries like Vietnam., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder in children characterized by a normal neurodevelopmental process in the first 6-18 months followed by a period of motor and vocal deterioration with stereotypic hand movements. Incidence of RTT is mostly due to de novo mutation in the MECP2 gene (methyl-CpG-binding protein 2)., Methods: The study assessed 27 female patients presented with classical RTT phenotype age range from 18 months to 48 months. Specialist carried out the clinical evaluation and diagnosis according to RTT diagnosis criteria. Blood samples from patients were then collected for genomic DNA extraction. We next performed MECP2 gene amplification and sequencing of the whole coding region to screen for mutations., Result: MECP2 mutation was found in 20 patients (74%) including: 2 missense, 4 nonsense, 6 frameshift and 2 deletion mutation. The study identified 14 pathogenic mutations which we found 4 mutation, to our knowledge and extensive search, not priory reported in any mutation database or publication: c.1384-1385DelGT, c.1205insT, c.717delC and c.1132&#95;1207del77. High percentage of C > T (70%) in CpG sites mutation was found., Conclusion: Our result reveals a high percentage of C > T mutation in CpG hot spot, which is more prone to modification and more likely to be detected in RTT as a disorder is strictly due to de novo mutations. The study is the first to identify the mutation spectrum of MECP2 gene in Vietnamese patients and also an important step toward better diagnosis and care for RTT patients in Vietnam.

Objective: The thalassemias is a group of hereditary disorders with impaired production of functional hemoglobin. In this report we described a rare case of compound heterozygous mutation of South-East Asia type hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (SEA-HPFH) and β -thalassemia that allowed prenatal diagnosis to be performed in a subsequent pregnancy in the family., Case Report: The father showed a SEA-HPFH thalassemia trait phenotype, while his genotype revealed that he was heterozygous for the SEA-HPFH deletion; The mother genotype was heterozygote for IVS-II-654 mutation; the second child had co-inherited both parental mutations and was, thus, a compound heterozygote for β-thalassemia (IVS-II-654)/SEA-HPFH deletion. His phenotype was intermediate β-thalassemia. Prenatal genotyping of a fetal sample during the third pregnancy confirmed the fetus was only heterozygote for SEA-HPFH deletion and the parents elected to continue the pregnancy., Conclusion: We described the clinical and molecular characterization of the first detected case of compound β-Thalassemia/SEA-HPFH deletion in Northern Vietnam. The report also highlighted the accuracy and necessity of mutation screening for families with thalassemia to inform accurate genetic counseling and targeted prenatal diagnosis when desired., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objectives: We studied the influence of different additive materials (lime, and rice husk) and aeration conditions on Ascaris lumbricoides egg die-off in 24 vaults of an experimental excreta storage unit., Methods: Excreta samples were collected once every two weeks over a 181-day period. Temperature, pH, and moisture content were recorded. A. lumbricoides eggs were quantitatively analyzed by the Romanenko method, which identified and counted live and dead eggs., Results: From the first sampling (0 storage day) to the final sampling (181 storage days) the average percentage of viable A. lumbricoides eggs decreased gradually from 76.72 ± 11.23% (mean ± SD) to 8.26 ± 5.20%. The storage time and the high pH value significantly increased the die-off of helminth eggs. Over 181 storage days, all vaults option effectively reduced A. lumbricoides eggs die-off., Conclusions: The best vault option, with aeration and 10% lime per total weight, met the WHO standard for excreta treatment on the 111th storage day.