Search

Abstract In this study, we use a time-varying parameter vector autoregression in conjunction with the extended joint connectedness approach (TVPVAR-EJC) to examine the interrelationships among five variables, namely digitalization measured by the number of individuals using the Internet (% of the population), mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people), human capital index, CO2 emissions, and GDP, from 1996 to 2019 in Vietnam. Net total directional connectedness of digitalization and other variables suggests that it consistently acts as a net shock transmitter, whereas human capital was found to be a net receiver of corresponding shocks from 1997 to 2019. The emission of CO2 was a net critical receiver in 1998 but remained as a net transmitter for the rest of the period. Pairwise connectedness reveals that digitalization appeared as a net shock transmitter in connection with the human capital index and GDP. In the relationship with human capital, digitalization’s role was critical.

The growing interplay between environmental innovation, digitalization, and total factor productivity (TFP) in agriculture highlights an urgent need to understand their complex relationships. This study utilizes the R2 decomposed linkage method to examine contemporaneous and lagged linkages among environmental innovation, digitalization, and TFP in Vietnam’s agricultural sector from 1994 to 2022. Our findings indicate that digitalization had a weak control on environmental innovation from 2010 to 2015 and in 2022, with a reversal observed during the 2008-2010 period and, more notably, from 2018 onward. Digitalization also dominated agriculture before 2008 and from 2019 to 2020, with significant effects from 2010 to 2016. Environmental innovation primarily influenced TFP from 2014 to the end of the period, with both contemporaneous and lagged effects. Since 2017, digitalization has increasingly driven environmental innovation, exemplified by advancements in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring technologies. These innovations have notably enhanced agricultural TFP, improving efficiency and productivity through digital tools and data analytics. Overall, these results highlight the critical role of digital technologies in advancing agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, suggesting that continued investment in digitalization is essential for fostering growth and innovation in the sector.

In particular, the link between green foreign direct investments (GFDI) and environmental performance (EP) is the focus of this study’s empirical analysis of the effects of GFDI on environmental sustainability. According to measurements like the environmental performance index (EPI) and indicators like health and ecosystem preservation (HLT and ECO), the results show that bigger GFDI sizes benefit environmental performance. Using a variety of econometric approaches, this result is derived using a worldwide sample that includes European nations from 2001 to 2023. Even after adding more explanatory factors and using a variety of econometric techniques, these results hold up well. Furthermore, the research explores the immediate and long-term impacts of GFDI on EP, emphasizing that the relationship between GFDI and EP becomes increasingly evident with time. Additionally, research will investigate how different transmission mechanisms allow green FDI to influence environmental sustainability. These results highlight how GFDI may be used to support industry environmental sustainability.

Purpose – This paper aims to study the interlinkages between cryptocurrency and the stock market by characterizing their connectedness and the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on their relations. Design/methodology/approach – The author employs a quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) to identify the connectedness of nine indicators from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, in an effort to examine the relationships between cryptocurrency and stock markets. Findings – The results demonstrate that the pandemic shocks appear to have influences on the system-wide dynamic connectedness. Dynamic net total directional connectedness implies that Bitcoin (BTC) is a net short-duration shock transmitter during the sample. BTC is a long-duration net receiver of shocks during the 2018–2020 period and turns into a long-duration net transmitter of shocks in late 2021. Ethereum is a net shock transmitter in both durations. Binance turns into a net short-duration shock transmitter during the COVID-19 outbreak before receiving net shocks in 2021. The stock market in different areas plays various roles in the short run and long run. During the COVID-19 pandemic shock, pairwise connectedness reveals that cryptocurrencies can explain the volatility of the stock markets with the most severe impact at the beginning of 2020. Practical implications – Insightful knowledge about key antecedents of contagion among these markets also help policymakers design adequate policies to reduce these markets' vulnerabilities and minimize the spread of risk or uncertainty across these markets. Originality/value – The author is the first to investigate the interlinkages between the cryptocurrency and the stock market and assess the influences of uncertain events like the COVID-19 health crisis on the dynamic interlinkages between these two markets. 研究目的 – 本學術論文擬透過找出加密貨幣與股票市場兩者相互關聯之特徵,來探討這個聯繫;文章亦擬探究2019冠狀病毒病全球大流行對這相互關聯的影響。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 作者以分量向量自我迴歸法、來找出2018年1月1日至2021年12月31日期間九個指標的關聯,藉此探討加密貨幣與股票市場之間的關係。 研究結果 – 研究結果顯示,全球大流行的驚愕,似對全系統動態關聯產生了影響。動態總淨值定向關聯暗示了就我們的樣本而言,比特幣是一個純短期衝擊發送器。比特幣在2018年至 2020年期間是一個衝擊的長期純接收器,並進而於2021年年底成為一個衝擊的長期純發送器。以太坊則為短期以及長期之純衝擊發送器。幣安在2019冠狀病毒病爆發期間,在2021年接收純衝擊前、成為一個純短期衝擊發送器。位於不同地區的股票市場,無論在短期抑或長期而言均扮演各種不同的角色。在2019冠狀病毒病全球大流行的驚愕期間,成對的關聯顯示了加密貨幣可以以2020年年初最嚴重的影響去解釋和說明股票市場的波動。 實務方面的啟示 – 研究結果使我們能深入認識有關的市場之間不同情緒和看法的蔓延所帶來的影響的主要先例,這些知識、亦能幫助決策者制定適當的政策,以減少有關的市場的弱點,並把這些市場間的風險和不確定性的散播減到最低。 研究的原創性/價值 – 作者是首位研究加密貨幣與股票市場之間的相互關聯的學者,亦是首位學者、去評估像2019冠狀病毒病健康危機的不確定事件,會如何影響有關的兩個市場之間的動態相互關聯。

The blue economy (BE) development has recently grown in importance, but scholars have kept silent on their determinants, especially in developing countries. This article focuses on the role of green innovation (EI). Utilizing the R2 decomposed linkage method, our investigation aims to delineate connections, particularly differentiating between contemporaneous and lagged linkages. This innovative approach is employed to examine the return transmission mechanism among the Ocean Health Index (OHI), green innovation (EI), nonrenewable energy (NONRENEW), and CO2 emissions (CO2). The dynamic total linkage, subject to temporal variation, is contingent on economic events. Our findings emphasize the heightened influence of lagged linkage prevailing over contemporaneous linkage for all four variables. As observed before 2019, ocean health was acknowledged for its prominent role as a net receiver. Subsequently, ocean health was recognized as a net receiver in contemporaneous dynamics, while its significant impact as a net transmitter in lagged linkage persisted. The results have important policy implications for governments in promoting the use of green innovation to enhance blue health performance in Vietnam.

The relationship between environmental externalities and green innovation is being increasingly explored in the literature but there is no paper exploring the nexus between green innovation (GI) and sustainable development. This article sheds light on the connection between GI and mineral rents from 2007 to 2021. In order to verify our results, we conduct a robustness assessment using a variety of natural resource rents, encompassing coal rents, gas rents, and forest rents. Our research furnishes evidence indicating that the adoption of environmental innovation is poised to curtail the consumption of most mineral resources, with the exception of forest rents in the PCSE and FGLS estimates. While GI does not exhibit statistical significance in the short term, its long-term impact reduce reliance on mineral rents. These findings maintain their robustness and reliability when accounting for endogeneity, fixed effects, and heterogeneity. To illuminate the relationship between institutional quality and mineral rents (MR), we incorporate six different indicators of institutions: voice and accountability (VA), government effectiveness (GE), rule of law (RL), regulatory quality (RQ), political stability and absence of violence/terrorism (PV), and control of corruption (CC). Our findings underscore the fact that integrating GI with institutions diminishes activities associated with mineral rents; from this we provide important policy recommendations for promoting GI development to use mineral resources more efficiently.

ABSTRACTThis paper shows the importance of environmental innovation on the circularity performance of each country that creates favorable conditions to help countries move towards the circular economy. Six measures are used to reflect environmental innovation, including the percentage of enterprises that invest in environmental innovation, the percentage of enterprises implementing environmental innovation activities, the number of ISO 14001 certificates, patents related to environmental innovation, the total R&D personnel and researchers, and the amount of green early-stage investments. We provide empirical evidence that innovation in environmental activities is crucial for an economy’s circularity performance, especially in the long term. Environmental innovation is also an essential enable of circularity.

We investigate time-varying network interlinkages between artificial intelligence development and green energy market dynamics during the War in a Pandemic. While regarding AI development, we use First Trust NASDAQ Artificial Intelligence and Robotics ETF, Global X Robotics and Artificial Intelligence and ishares Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, and the green energy market, including green bonds, clean energy, wind energy, solar energy, natural gas, and crude oil using seven Bayesian vector heterogeneous autoregression fashions. During the short, medium, and long run, this paper differentiates dynamically between network interlinkages between these markets. We found some noteworthy results in our study. We show that network interlinkages exhibit remarkable differences over time. Interlinkages between networks are increased in the short, medium, and long term due to transient events occurring in markets during the studied period. As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the long-term ties within the system are significantly impacted. Additionally, based on net directional linkages, market directional links indicate a shift in roles (from shock receiver to shock transmitter) during the epidemic and at the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Observations of short- and medium-term trends reveal that all three indexes for artificial intelligence development are shock receivers from outside, which is transmitted to the green energy sector. The results indicate that artificial intelligence development persists as shock receivers in terms of long-horizon measures but become shocking transmitters during the illness crisis of COVID-19 (from January 2019 to January 2020) and the Russia-Ukraine conflict (from early 2022).

By identifying the connectedness of seven indicators from January 1, 2019, to June 13, 2022, we choose an extended joint connectedness approach to a vector autoregression model with time-varying parameter (TVP-VAR) to analyze interlinkages between Crypto Volatility (CV) and Energy Volatility (EV). Our findings show that the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have an impact on the dynamic connectedness of the whole system, which peaks at about 60% toward the end of 2019. According to net total directional connectedness over a quantile, throughout the 2020–2022 timeframe, natural gas and crude oil are net shock transmitters, while the CV, clean energy, solar energy, and green bonds consistently receive all other indicators. Specifically, pairwise connectedness indicates that the CV appears to be a net transmitter of shocks to all energy indicators before the COVID-19 outbreak but acts as a net receiver of shocks from clean energy, wind energy, and green bonds in late 2020. The CV mostly has spillover effects on green bonds. The primary net transmitter of shocks to the Crypto market is crude oil. Our findings are critical in helping investors and authorities design the most effective policies to lessen the vulnerabilities of these indicators and reduce the spread of risk or uncertainty.

Our paper presents the first attempt to examine the non-linear relationship between the trade value of environmental commodities (TVEC) and energy security (ESP). Seven indicators are used in this article to illustrate four aspects of energy security, namely availability, acceptability, developability, and sustainability. We conducted our analysis by applying a variety of econometric techniques to a sample of 49 countries with low-incomes and low-middle-incomes (LI&LMICs), 33 countries with upper-middle-incomes (UMICs), and 42 countries with high-incomes (HICs). A nonlinear relationship has been demonstrated between the trade of environmental commodities (TVEC) and non-fossil energy consumption, energy intensity, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy consumption, indicating that the trade of green goods is beneficial for energy system acceptability, develop-ability, and sustainability. There is also evidence that TVEC and ESP exhibit long-term cointegration, and our results confirm this. The effect of TVEC on ESP varies dramatically between the subsamples by income level, with high-income countries showing a more apparent nonlinear relationship between TVEC and ESP.

This article examines the impact of cross-border economic sanctions (CES) on the quality of national health – proxied by life expectancy. Structural gravity models are employed for a sample of 148 sanctioned countries (108 developing countries and 40 developed countries) during the 1995–2018 period. We consider various forms of sanction, including arms, military, trade, finance and travel. The results reveal that the imposition of sanctions, especially arm, financial, travel and other sanctions, has a significant negative effect on the national health of the targeted countries. The effects are largely heterogeneous across sanctioned countries in terms of their economic development. Furthermore, financial market development and institutional quality of the sanctioned countries critically affect the relationship between CES and national health. Particularly, more developed financial markets, the higher degree of financial openness and central bank independence, as well as higher institutional quality, help targeted countries alleviate the consequences of CES on national health. These empirical findings are expected to provide insightful lessons for economists and policymakers in the targeted countries facing the risk of economic degradation.

The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide, especially in European countries, suffered a steep fall due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus. This article is the first effort to empirically investigate the nexus between digital transformation and FDI inflows, thereby finding a way to help countries overcome the current situation. Using the data of 23 European countries pre-COVID (2015–2019) and during the COVID health crisis (2020), we demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between digitalization and FDI inflows, implying that a certain extent of digital transformation could promote the inflows of FDI. Before the COVID-19 health crisis, digital business played a critical role in attracting FDI inflows. E-commercial activities also enhanced FDI flows during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and digital public services may be an effective tool to help countries overcome the health crisis. Furthermore, digitalization plays a critical role in promoting FDI inflows in both the short term and long term. Hence, digital transformation is an inevitable process that countries need to embrace in order to overcome the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and resolve the delay or lack of foreign investments.

Our study is the first to empirically analyze the nonlinear relationship between digitalization and export value and diversification. This paper measures the digital transformation process in terms of digital connectivity, uses of the internet, e-business, e-commerce, and e-government. The various econometrics techniques are applied for the database of 23 European countries during the period 2015–2020. The vital findings should be conveyed here. First, the bottlenecks of export values could be resolved by promoting digital transformation. However, the non-linear reverted U-shaped relationship between digitalization and export diversification suggests that positive effects only appear when the digital activities, especially in digital connectivity, humans with digital skills, use of internet services, or digital public services reaches a certain threshold. Second, the positive influence of digitalization on exports stems from a reduction in export cost and export time to deal with documentary and border compliance as well as improvements in competence and quality of logistic services and quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure, thus enhancing exports. Third, the role of digital connectivity and the integration of digital technology into business and commerce become especially important for export diversification.

By applying novel partial wavelet coherency, this paper investigates the transmission mechanism of the volatility from the oil, gold, and silver sector to the energy sector in the time and frequency dimensions as well as the influence of the COVID-19 health crisis on this linkage. The multiple coherencies suggest at least five multiple cycles, which are located at high frequencies (the 52 – 132-day frequency band). Among these cycles, the largest one occurs at the low frequency (the 120 – 132-day frequency band), and this cycle is persistently prolonged. Notably, the four sectors' remarkable interlinkages of the volatility are presented more clearly since the COVID-19 pandemic first appeared and hit the globe (from the end of 2019 to the middle of 2020). The partial coherency between the volatility of the energy sector and the volatility of the oil sector reveals that the relations between two sectors are relatively persistent, which changes in the energy sector's volatility cause the oil sector to become more volatile. The partial coherency between the volatility of the energy sector and the volatility of the gold and silver sector suggests their interlinkages are time-varying and can be divided into four phases. The relationships are either positive or negative, and the energy sector or the silver or gold sector could be an attendant of other market's rising volatility. During the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy sector's volatility is in-phase with the oil and silver sector's volatility leading, whilst the gold sector's volatility leads to the energy sector's volatility, and the relation is negative.

Our paper is the first attempt to analyze the environmental consequences and energy security of foreign aid in Vietnam during the 1987–2019 period. We apply various modern econometric techniques, including the multivariate Wavelet model and an extended time-varying vector autoregression (TVP-VAR). By using the multivariate wavelet model, we find that there are cycles of period 3–4 years in the 1988–1992 sample and 18–25 years in the 1985–2001 and 1989–2009 sample for the nexus between foreign aid growth and nonrenewable, renewable energy consumption. The region (from 1989 to 1992) implies that changes in foreign aid adversely led to changes in renewable energy consumption. In those regions, the phase (1993–2005) suggests the anti-phase relation with renewable consumption leading. The phase (2006–2011) implies that changes in foreign aid adversely led to changes in renewable energy consumption. By using an extended TVP-VAR, we reveal that nearly 61% of error variance within the system stems from idiosyncratic effects. We demonstrate that there are changes in the roles of foreign aid over time. Foreign aid plays a role as a net transmitter of shocks from 1988 to 2003 and net transmitter of shocks from 1988 to 2003 and transforms into a net receiver of shocks from 2004 to 2019. In 1989, foreign aid also transmits the greatest shocks to the use of renewable energy. Furthermore, from 1988 to 1995, nonrenewable energy shocks affect the inflows of foreign aid, which then acts as a shock transmitter of these shock to the economy since 1995.

We empirically examine the influences of the digital business and digital public services on environmental innovation (EI) performance in the European region during the 2011-2019 period. We use four diverse measures to capture the performance of EIs of 24 European countries, including the percentage of enterprises implementing EI investment (% of surveyed firms); the percentage of enterprises implementing EI activities (e.g., implementation of resource efficiency actions, sustainable products, or ISO 14001 certificates) measured, a number of enterprises having new ISO 14001 registration and a number of EI related patents. There are four measures of e-Commerce, including online selling, e-Commerce sales, e-Commerce web sales, e-Commerce turnover, and two measures of e-Business, including CRM usage and cloud usage. Digital public service performance is captured by three indicators, including user centricity, business mobility and key enabler. Our study provides the theoretical framework to explain the link between digitalization and environmental performance. The nexus between digitalization and environmental innovations is empirically analyzed by using the panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model and the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model for the panel data featuring the cross-sectional dependency. Our estimation results highlight the importance of digital businesses, including e-commerce sales, e-commerce turnover, e-business (including CRP and cloud usage), in improving the EI investments, EI activities, EI related patents, and the number of enterprises with new ISO 14001 registration during the 2011-2019 period in the European region. Digital public services are less crucial in promoting EI performance as compared to digital businesses as these variables are not statistically significant in some cases. We also provide empirical evidence on the mechanism to explain the improvements in EI. Digitalization appears to have favorable impacts on EI investments of firms and government's financial support, and the public's awareness regarding the importance of EI.

Our paper is the first attempt to examine the non-linear relationship between global value chains (GVC) participation and energy security performance (ESP). This article utilizes seven indicators to reflect four aspects of energy security, including availability, acceptability, develop-ability, and sustainability. By applying diverse econometric techniques to a global sample of 26 low-income & lower-middle-income (LI&LMICs) and 24 upper-middle-income (UMICs) and 35 high-income (HICs) during the 2000–2018 period, our estimates reveal critical findings. We confirm the existence of the nonlinear association between GVC participation and non-fossil energy consumption, energy intensity, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy consumption. The results suggest that the GVC involvement is beneficiary for the acceptability, develop-ability, and sustainability of the energy system after GVC values reach a certain threshold. Furthermore, there is evidence on the long-term cointegration between GVC and ESP and our results confirm its effects in the long term. Notably, there are stark contrasts in the impact of GVC on the ESP in the subsamples by income levels, and the presence of a nonlinear relationship between GVC and ESP is more likely to be evident in high-income countries. Similar findings are found when we reexamine the effects of backward and forward GVC participation on the ESP.

Innovative marketing practices are essential for firms to increase sales and profitability. This paper aims to investigate the determinants of firms’ marketing innovation based on the employment of resource-based view and stakeholder theory. A probit regression model linking marketing innovation with proxies of firms’ resources and pressures from firms’ stakeholders was tested based on a dataset of 5,857 Vietnamese enterprises taken from a survey by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam in 2016. The findings indicate that firms’ size decreases the probability of marketing innovation by 1%, while internal knowledge gained from internal R&D causes the probability of marketing innovation to increase by 0.18%. Besides, the political connection and collaborations with competitors and private consultants drive the probability that firms implement the marketing innovation up by 0.09%, 0.12%, and 0.09%, respectively. On the other hand, export-oriented firms are more likely to implement marketing innovation by 0.03%, while foreign ownership reduces the chance of this decision by 0.05%. This research also reveals the essential role of the firm’s market pressures to enter into new markets or improve product quality in encouraging marketing innovation by 0.16% and 0.13%, respectively. AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by National Economics University, Grant Number: 343-QĐ-ĐHKTQD.

We employ a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) combined with an extended joint connectedness approach to study interlinkages between renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emission by characterizing connectedness of four markets starting from 1985 to 2019. Our results demonstrate that the financial crisis appears to have influences on the system-wide dynamic connectedness, which reaches a peak during 1989. The total directional connectedness suggests that nonrenewable and renewable sources of energy consumption tend to be net recipients of spillover shocks. Throughout the studied period, growth in the economy and CO2 emissions seem to be influential net shock transmitters. Pairwise connectedness reveals that nonrenewable consumption primarily receives spillover effects of economic and environmental shocks. Since the crisis, CO2 emission has been a net receiver of shocks from other variables.

This paper empirically analyses the influences of the digital transformation process in the business and public sector on natural resources rents. Our paper employs the digital businesses (e-Commerce, including the value of online selling, e-Commerce turnover, e-Commerce web sales, and e-Business, including customer relationship management (CRM) usage and cloud usage) and the digital public services (user-centricity, business mobility, and key enablers), while we deal with the total natural rents (coal rents, mineral rents, natural gas rents, and forest rents). The various econometric techniques are applied to a sample of 26 European Union countries during the 2011-2019 period. Our estimation results demonstrate that both digital businesses and digital public services lead to a rise in total natural rents. More specifically, the digital businesses appear to have increased influences on coal rents, and gas rents, while the digital public services drive mineral rents, gas rents, and forest rents up. Conversely, digital public services tend to reduce coal rents and digital businesses lead to a decrease in mineral rents and forest rents. Notably, the economic complexity or the quality and diversification of the production system is the key variable for the digital economy aiming at shirking natural rent-seeking. The findings are consistent when we consider the specific type of natural resource rent regardless of whether they are affected differently by digital transformation.

In this paper, we present an experimental image quality assessment (IQA) method for image/video patches with compression artifacts. Using the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, we create a new database of image patches with compression artifacts. Then, we conduct a completed subjective testing process to obtain the `ground truth' quality scores for the mentioned database. Finally, we employ an end-to-end learning method to estimate the IQA model for the patches with HEVC compression artifacts. In such proposed method, a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is exploited for feature extraction while an adaptive moment estimation optimizer solution is used to perform the training process. Experimental results show that the proposed end-to-end IQA method significantly outperforms the relevant IQA benchmarks, especially when the compression artifacts are strongly realized in image/video patches. The proposed IQA method is expected to drive a new set of image/video compression solutions in future image/video coding and transmissions.

This is the first attempt to examine empirically the effects of the implementation of digital public services (DPS) on the value of trade in green goods (TGG). By applying diverse econometric techniques to a sample of 25 European economies for the period 2012–2019, the results show that DPS captured by three indices (user-centricity, business mobility, and key enabler) has a modest influence on the level of TGG. The results are robust. A higher level of DPS implementation appears to drive up the export value of green goods, and there is evidence of the long-term cointegration of DPS and TGG. Furthermore, the nexus between DPS and TGG is evident in two subsamples of developing and developed economies, but the importance of DPS is more pronounced in the former. Finally, the effects of DPS on TGG value become more significant in the European economies with a well-developed institutional system.

Thanh Hoa is aiming at developing tourism as a key economic industry in 2030, creating a motivation to impulse socio-economic development, making Thanh Hoa one of the top tourism development provinces of the country. With an aim to attract more domestic and international visitors, apart from improving quality and business environment, diversifying tourism products, Thanh Hoa needs to focus on training and capacity building for tourism human resources of the province. It requires a more professional tourism human resource that is equipped with essential skills to adapt and meet the demand of tourism development at the current period of time. Hence, this article analyses the real situation of tourism human resources in Thanh Hoa Province with a view to presenting relevant forecasts and recommendations on solutions in order to improve the quality of the tourism human resource of Thanh Hoa Province in the current context.

Background: Covid - 19 is a global pandemic, affecting all areas of social life in every country. In the current conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, individual health behaviors are of primary importance. Each citizen consciously implements their health behaviors not only to prevent them from being infected but also to help the country's prevention of Covid-19 effective. The study of factors predicting people’s health behaviors in the community will help managers come up with appropriate measures to improve public health and to quickly repel the pandemic. Objectives: The research analyzes factors predicting personal health behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam, including: pandemic awareness, self-assessment of the possibility of becoming infected, fear of disease, quality of life, and mental health (anxiety). Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 572 people in Vietnam (118 males, 451 females; M age =27.0 (sd = 10.0) ) by a means of an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was constructed based on the YouGov Behavior Change questionnaire; the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale (FCV-19), WHOQOL-BREF, the Moral Foundation Questionnaire, and Knowledge of Covid-19. This study performed multivariate regression analysis to explore effects of moral, quality of life, knowledge and fear of Coronavirus-19 on health behaviors of participants. Result: The result showed that fear and sex factors explain 4% (R2-adj = 4%) of health behavior change in the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, there is a signìicant relationship between health behaviors and fear, age, gender, and occupation. Conclusion: People's health behaviors are particularly concerned during the Covid-19 pandemic. Community healthcare activities for the people should be tailored to suit different population groups such as gender, age or emotional experiences. More in-depth studies are needed to find out the causes of these differences, thereby proposing practical solutions to help people practice more effective health behaviors, contributing to preventing and combating the outbreak.

This article uses panel data with 6,743 country-year observations to investigate the effects of participation in the global value chain (GVC) on export survival rate for the period 2005–2014. GVC participation is measured as the value addition embedded in exports, looking both backward and forward from a reference country. The empirical results show that both backward and forward linkages have positive effects on the chance of export survival; these effects are persistent and increasing over time, and they become more pronounced when taking the endogeneity issue into account. On the policy front, the preceding findings suggest that governments should implement policies to upgrade a country to GVC integration in order to enhance the sustainability of exports. JEL Codes: F10, F14, C41 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Dr. Margaret Chan [29], approximately 15% of the world's population faces significant challenges in life due to severe disabilities. The majority of these individuals have mobility impairments, significantly impacting their mobility and self-care abilities. Two main groups affected by these disabilities are individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and those who have had a stroke. In a study referenced as [28], it was revealed that ALS accounts for 80% of cases involving severe mobility impairments. The incidence rates of ALS and stroke are reported to be 4/100,000 people and 600/100,000–1,000/100,000 people, respectively. In Vietnam, the ALS incidence rate is approximately 2–3 cases per 100,000 people, while over 200,000 individuals suffer from strokes each year. Roughly 25–30% of individuals with mobility impairments are at risk of experiencing communication difficulties, which can manifest as speech difficulties, slurred speech, or aphasia [20]. In addition to limited mobility and communication challenges, interacting with the living environment poses a significant obstacle for these individuals. Therefore, in addition to assistive communication systems, it is crucial to develop an effective and user-friendly control system for home IoT devices which enable people with severe mobility impairments to gain greater independence in their daily lives. This study presents the development and testing of an assistive IoT smart control system that allows individuals with severe mobility impairments to control familiar electronic devices using their eyes and brain. The test results demonstrate the realistic and feasible nature of the proposed system. Users rated the system above 2.78 out of 5.00 according to the HMI questionnaire. The score for attitudes, which reflects users' trust in the system, was 3.76 out of 5.00. Therefore, the proposed approach holds promise in assisting individuals with severe mobility disabilities to effectively interact with the IoT devices in their surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]