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2. Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models.

Author

Lee, Younjoo, Matrai, Patricia, Friedrichs, Marjorie, Saba, Vincent, Aumont, Olivier, Babin, Marcel, Buitenhuis, Erik, Chevallier, Matthieu, de Mora, Lee, Dessert, Morgane, Dunne, John, Ellingsen, Ingrid, Feldman, Doron, Frouin, Robert, Gehlen, Marion, Gorgues, Thomas, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jin, Meibing, John, Jasmin, Lawrence, Jon, Manizza, Manfredi, Menkes, Christophe, Perruche, Coralie, Le Fouest, Vincent, Popova, Ekaterina, Romanou, Anastasia, Samuelsen, Annette, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles, Tjiputra, Jerry, Tremblay, L, Ueyoshi, Kyozo, Vichi, Marcello, Yool, Andrew, and Zhang, Jinlun

Abstract

The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO3), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Zeu), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality-controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959-2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan-Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO3, MLD, and Zeu throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice-free versus ice-influenced) and bottom depth (shelf versus deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and toward the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling.

Published
2016

5. Towards carbon neutrality by 2040 in La Rochelle metropolitan area (France): quantifying the role of wetlands and littoral zone in the capture and sequestration of blue carbon

Author

Dupuy, Christine, Agogué, Hélène, Amann, Benjamin, Azémar, Frédéric, Becu, Nicolas, Bergeon, Lauriane, Bertin, Xavier, Bocher, Pierrick, Bout, Emilie, Brenon, Isabelle, Carpentier, Alexandre, Ceaux, Serge, Chaumillon, Eric, Choquet, Catherine, Colin, Béatrice, Deborde, Jonathan, Dubillot, Emmanuel, Claire, Emery, Ferrari, Sylvie, Gaucherel, Cédric, Geairon, Philippe, Gilbert, Stéphane, Jeannin, Marc, Jourde, J., Kalenitchenko, Dimitri, Lachaussée, Nicolas, Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas, Lanneluc, Isabelle, Lavaud, Laura, Lavaud, Sébastien, Lefrançois, Christel, Le Fouest, Vincent, Le Fur, Inès, Long, Nathalie, Mahieux, Pierre-Yves, Mayen, Jérémy, Marais, Caroline, Metzger, Édouard, Moncelon, Raphaël, Ouisse, Vincent, Péreau, Jean-Christophe, Pétillon, Julien, Philippine, Olivier, Pineau, Philippe, Pignon-Mussaud, Cécilia, Polsenaere, Pierre, Sabot, René, Refait, Philippe, Réveillac, Elodie, Robin, François-Xavier, Rouquette, Hélène, Sablé, Sophie, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy, Tackx, Michèle, Turcry, Philippe, Vagner, Marie, Vincent, Julia, Volto, Natacha, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle (CDA La Rochelle), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Rennes (UR), Mathématiques, Image et Applications - EA 3165 (MIA), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bordeaux Sciences Economiques (BSE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Union des marais de la Charente-Maritime (UNIMA), DDAF LA ROCHELLE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle, Ville de La Rochelle, Banque des Territoires, Le Grand Plan d'InVestissement, Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, Port de Plaisance de La Rochelle, ADEME Agence de la Transition Ecologique, AZTI, and ELSEVIER

Subjects
Vegetated aquatic ecosystems, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Climate mitigation, Blue Carbon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Holistic approach
Abstract

International audience; Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing increasing worldwide impacts and changes on climate patterns, sea level, food production, human lives and livelihoods. Maintaining or improving the ability of coastal aquatic ecosystems and oceans to remove CO2 from the atmosphere is a crucial aspect for climate mitigation. The vegetated coastal ecosystems are able to catch and to sequestrate carbon, the so-called Blue Carbon. These ecosystems are key exchange zones that mediate the biogeochemical cycles across the continent, the ocean and the atmosphere. Given the importance of these ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles and their sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic pressures, the carbon cycle within and between compartments (e.g. pelagos, benthos…) and across the interfaces (e.g. atmosphere, ocean…) need to be addressed. On a regional scale, in the extended urban area of La Rochelle located on the French Atlantic coast (La Rochelle metropolitan area), lack in situ measurements within the wetlands and littoral zone make very uncertain their role as a sink or a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. We will first present a vast research project “La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone” project (https://www.agglo-larochelle.fr/projet-de-territoire/territoire-zero-carbone), that target the ambition of carbon neutrality in La Rochelle metropolitan area by 2040 through a holistic approach (from measuring CO2 to raising people's awareness and assessing the impact of exogenous natural factors). Second, we will present some first results on the Blue Carbon dynamics within the freshwater and salt marshes, and seagrasses.

Published
2022

8. Mapping the Intertidal Microphytobenthos Gross Primary Production Part I: Coupling Multispectral Remote Sensing and Physical Modeling

Author

Méléder, Vona, primary, Savelli, Raphael, additional, Barnett, Alexandre, additional, Polsenaere, Pierre, additional, Gernez, Pierre, additional, Cugier, Philippe, additional, Lerouxel, Astrid, additional, Le Bris, Anthony, additional, Dupuy, Christine, additional, Le Fouest, Vincent, additional, and Lavaud, Johann, additional

Published
2020
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9. Potential Impact of Photoinhibition on Microphytobenthic Primary Production on a Large Intertidal Mudflat.

Author

Savelli, Raphaël, Serôdio, João, Cugier, Philippe, Méléder, Vona, Polsenaere, Pierre, Dupuy, Christine, and Le Fouest, Vincent

Subjects
MICROALGAE, ALGAE photoinhibition, TIDAL flats, INTERTIDAL ecology, BENTHOS
Abstract

Microphytobenthos (MPB) are a key primary producer of intertidal mudflats. MPB face strong variability in incident irradiance during low tides. Despite photoprotection and photoacclimation, such variations can translate into the photoinhibition of MPB cells. This study explores the effect of photoinhibition on MPB primary production (PP) over a large and productive temperate mudflat (Brouage mudflat, NW France). We used a regional and high‐resolution tri‐dimensional hydrodynamic model coupled to an MPB model with or without photoinhibition. Photoinhibition leads to a 20% (−0.79 × 103 t C) decrease of the simulated MPB PP over the entire mudflat. As the upper shore is exposed to light more frequently and longer than the lower shore, the decrease of MPB PP is higher on the upper shore (−29%) than on the lower shore (−5%). With the highest photosynthetically active radiation cumulated over the mudflat, the decrease of MPB PP due to photoinhibition is the highest during spring and spring tides (−22% and −23%, respectively). The model suggests MPB photoinhibition is sensitive to the photoacclimation status of MPB cells through the light saturation parameter. This first modeling attempt to account for MPB photoinhibition is highly constrained by our current theoretical knowledge and limitations on the MPB growth physiology, but it suggests that this process can have a substantial impact on the MPB PP. As such, assessing the MPB photosynthetic response to the highly variable environmental conditions that prevail in large and productive intertidal mudflats is a real challenge for quantifying MPB PP from a synoptic to inter‐annual time scale. Plain Language Summary: Benthic micro‐algae or microphytobenthos (MPB) inhabiting the surficial sediment sustain the high biological production of intertidal mudflats. MPB achieve photosynthesis by aggregating into a dense biofilm at the mud surface during daytime low tides. As MPB can be exposed to short‐term variations and high light levels, they change their short‐term physiology and position within the sediment to protect themselves. However, such strategies can be outbalanced by a too long stressful light exposure. In this study, we explore with a numerical model the impact of photoinhibition on MPB primary production (PP) over a large and very productive mudflat (NW France). The model suggests that photoinhibition can strongly impact MPB PP. With photoinhibition, the yearly PP decreases by 20% over the whole mudflat. The model suggests MPB PP is sensitive to the photoacclimation status of MPB cells, that is, their light use efficiency at a given light level. This first modeling attempt to account for MPB photoinhibition is highly constrained by our current theoretical knowledge and limitations on the MPB growth physiology, but it suggests that this process can have a substantial impact on the MPB PP. Key Points: With or without photoinhibition, simulated yearly MPB PP is higher on the upper and middle shores than on the lower shorePhotoinhibition leads to a 20% (−0.79×103 t C yr−1) decrease of MPB PP over the entire mudflatThe photoinhibition process in the model is sensitive to the photoacclimation status of MPB cells [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models

Author

Lee, Younjoo J., Matrai, Patricia A., Friedrichs, Marjorie A.M., Saba, Vincent S., Aumount, Olivier, Babin, Marcel, Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chevallier, Matthieu, de Mora, Lee, Dessert, Morgane, Dunne, John P., Ellingsen, Ingrid H., Feldman, Doron, Frouin, Robert, Gehlen, Marion, Gorguess, Thomas, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jin, Meibing, John, Jasmin G., Lawrence, Jon, Manizza, Manfredi, Menkes, Christophe E., Perruche, Coralie, Le Fouest, Vincent, Popova, Ekaterina E., Romanou, Anastasia, Samuelsen, Annette, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles A., Tjiputra, Jerry, Tremblay, L. Bruno, Ueyoshi, Kyozo, Vichi, Marcello, Yool, Andrew, Zhang, Jinlun, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), and Oceanography

Subjects
Arctic models underestimated net primary productivity (NPP) but overestimated nitrate, mixed layer depth, and euphotic depth, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Arctic NPP model skill was greatest in low production regions, Arctic NPP model skill was constrained by different environmental factors in different Arctic Ocean regions, Article, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011993 Upon publication, the in situ data will be available for academic purposes through the NASA SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (http:// seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/), including NPP, NO3, and Zeu. The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO3), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Zeu), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality-controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959–2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan-Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO3, MLD, and Zeu throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice-free versus ice-influenced) and bottom depth (shelf versus deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and toward the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling. National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OBB) The project ‘‘Green Mercator’’ National Program CNRS/LEFE/INSU. NSF Office of Polar Programs FP7 MyOcean2 PAVE (Polish-Norwegian Research Program) Norwegian Supercomputing Project (NOTUR2) Research Council of Norway funded project ORGANIC NASA Cryosphere program CNRM-CM climate model Météo-France/DSI supercomputing Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OBB) NNX13AE81G NSF Office of Polar Programs PLR- 1417925 NSF Office of Polar Programs PLR-1416920 FP7 MyOcean2 (project number 283367) Research Council of Norway funded project ORGANIC (239965/RU) NASA Cryosphere program (NNX15AG68G).

Published
2016

18. Towards an assessment of riverine dissolved organic carbon in surface waters of the Western Arctic Ocean based on remote sensing and biogeochemical modeling.

Author

Le Fouest, Vincent, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Manizza, Manfredi, Shernetsky, Mona, Tremblay, Bruno, and Babin, Marcel

Subjects
CARBON compounds, WATER, REMOTE sensing, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, MARINE ecology
Abstract

Future climate warming of the Arctic could potentially enhance the load of riverine dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) of Arctic rivers due to increased carbon mobilization within watersheds. A greater flux of RDOC might thus impact the biogeochemical processes of the coastal Arctic Ocean (AO). In this study, we show that estimates of RDOC concentrations in the surface waters of the Canadian Beaufort Sea computed for 2003-2011 by both optical remote sensing and a physical-biogeochemical coupled model compare favorably. Our results suggest that, over spring-summer, RDOC contributes to 35% of primary production and that an equivalent of ∼ 10% of the riverine RDOC is exported westwards with a potential for fueling the biological production of the eastern Alaskan nearshore waters. The combination of model and satellite data can be extended to the entire AO to quantify the expected changes in RDOC fluxes and their potential impact on AO biogeochemistry. This is left for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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