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24. High levels of polycyclic aromatic compounds in outdoor and indoor PM10 of an urban residential environment during a winter pollution event in Strasbourg, France.

Author

Galmiche, Mathieu, Delhomme, Olivier, le Calvé, Stéphane, François, Yannis-Nicolas, and Millet, Maurice

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are major airborne pollutants. However, their assessment has mostly been restricted to 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this work, 76 PACs including PAHs, oxy-PAHs, nitro-PAHs, azaarenes, and thiaarenes were monitored in an urban residential environment. A short-term campaign was conducted at three dwellings in Strasbourg, France, with low-volume PM10 samplers operated simultaneously outdoors and indoors. Household dust was also sampled in these dwellings. The PACs of interest were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction in toluene and acetonitrile, and quantified by GC-MS/MS. The total concentration of PACs in PM10 was between 67 and 179 ng·m−3 outdoors and between 62 and 401 ng·m−3 indoors. Total PAC levels in settled dust varied from 3.5 to 31 μg·g−1, and from 0.44 to 3.88 μg·m−2. Due to the high influence of surfaces dust load, the interpretation of PAC concentrations in settled dust was different if mass concentrations or surface concentrations were studied. This sampling campaign concurrent with a winter pollution event led to exceptionally high concentrations of PACs. The samples of this work set maximum values for PAHs and oxy-PAHs in airborne particles among recent European studies, and an absolute maximum value for azaarenes. However, the acute short-term exposure of Strasbourg inhabitants to PACs during this pollution event is balanced by the normal concentrations of PACs in household dust, which characterizes better the long-term exposure. Source apportionment was performed thanks to PAH diagnostic ratios. It indicated a prevalence of road traffic and a possibility of PAH photochemical aging in dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Atmospheric dispersion modelling of gaseous emissions from Beirutinternational airport activities

Author

Mokalled, Tharwat, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Badaro-Saliba, Nada, Abboud, Maher, Zaarour, Rita, Farah, Wehbeh, Adjizian-Gérard, Jocelyne, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Études Mathématiques [Beyrouth] (UR-EGFEM), This research was funded by the Research Council at Saint Joseph University and supported by Strasbourg University and Campus France., and Le Calvé, Stéphane

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, volatile organic compound, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Beirut, nitrogen dioxide, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, aviation emission, atmospheric dispersion modelling system (ADMS), [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The projected increase of civil aviation activity, the degradation of air quality and the location of Beirut Airport embedded in a very urbanized area, in addition to the special geography and topography surrounding the airport which plays a significant role in drawing emissions to larger distances, demanded anassessment of the spatial impact of the airport activities on the air quality of Beirut and its suburbs. This is the first study in the Middle East region that model pollutant concentrations resulting from an international airport's activities using an advanced atmospheric dispersion modelling system in a country with no data. This followed validation campaigns showing very strong correlations (r = 0.85) at validation sites as close as possible to emission sources. The modelling results showed extremely high NO2 concentrations within the airport vicinity, i.e., up to 110 μg∙m-3 (which is greater than the World Health Organization annual guidelines) posing a health hazard to the workers in the ramp. The major contribution of Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport to the degradation of air quality was in the airport vicinity; however, it extended to Beirut and its suburbs in addition to affecting the seashore area due to emissions along the aircraft trajectory; this isan aspect rarely considered in previous studies. On the other hand, elevated volatile organic compound levels were observed near the fuel tanks and at the aerodrome center. This study provides (ⅰ) a methodology to assess pollutant concentrations resulting from airport emissions through the use of an advanced dispersion model in a country with no data; and (ⅱ) a tool for policy makers to better understand the contribution of the airport's operations to national pollutant emissions, which is vital for mitigation strategies and health impact assessments.

Published
2022
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30. Phosphate Capture Enhancement Using Designed Iron Oxide-Based Nanostructures

Author

Ramirez, Paula Duenas, primary, Lee, Chaedong, additional, Fedderwitz, Rebecca, additional, Clavijo, Antonia R., additional, Barbosa, Débora P. P., additional, Julliot, Maxime, additional, Vaz-Ramos, Joana, additional, Begin, Dominique, additional, Le Calvé, Stéphane, additional, Zaloszyc, Ariane, additional, Choquet, Philippe, additional, Soler, Maria A. G., additional, Mertz, Damien, additional, Kofinas, Peter, additional, Piao, Yuanzhe, additional, and Begin-Colin, Sylvie, additional

Published
2023
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41. On-Line Gaseous Formaldehyde Detection Based on a Closed-Microfluidic-Circuit Analysis

Author

Becker, Anaïs, Andrikopoulou, Christina, Bernhardt, Pierre, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Trocquet, Claire, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, and Le Calvé, Stéphane

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, microdevice, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Resolution (mass spectrometry), closed-circuit, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Acetylacetone, Formaldehyde, Analytical chemistry, Derivative, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, recirculation, lcsh:QD415-436, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Detection limit, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, air quality, Volume (thermodynamics), chemistry, Reagent, Temporal resolution, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, formaldehyde, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, fluorescence
Abstract

This paper describes a compact microfluidic analytical device in a closed-circuit developed for the detection of low airborne formaldehyde levels. The detection is based on the passive trapping of gaseous formaldehyde through a microporous tube into the acetylacetone solution, the derivative reaction of formaldehyde with acetylacetone to form 3,5-Diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) and the detection of DDL by fluorescence. The recirculation mode of the analytical device means that the concentration measurement is carried out by quantification of the signal increase in the liquid mixture over time, the instantaneous signal increase rate being proportional to the surrounding gaseous formaldehyde concentration. The response of this novel microdevice is found to be linear in the range 0&ndash, 278 &micro, g m&minus, 3. The reagent volume needed is flexible and depends on the desired analytical resolution time and the concentration of gaseous formaldehyde in the environment. Indeed, if either the gaseous concentration of formaldehyde is high or the reagent volume is low, the fluorescence signal of this recirculating liquid solution will increase very rapidly. Consequently, the sensitivity simultaneously depends on both the reagent volume and the temporal resolution. Considering a reagent volume of 6 mL, the hourly and daily detection limits are 2 and 0.08 &micro, 3, respectively, while the reagent autonomy is more than 4 days the airborne formaldehyde concentration does not exceed 50 &micro, 3 as it is usually the case in domestic or public indoor environments.

Published
2020
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45. Simulation of adsorption and desorption phenomena in a gas chromatography microcolumn

Author

Brancher, Ricardo, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Rodríguez-Cuevas, Alberto, Graur-Martin, Irina, Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], European Project: 643095,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,MIGRATE(2015), Le Calvé, Stéphane, and Research and training network on MIniaturized Gas flow for Applications with enhanced Thermal Effects - MIGRATE - - H20202015-11-01 - 2019-10-31 - 643095 - VALID

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, species concentration, desorption, Adsorption, Langmuir isotherm, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BTEX molecules, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The main goal of the present work is to optimize the micro-column for the gas chromatography analysis device, which is the device used in the real-time monitoring of atmospheric BTEX concentration for indoor environments. The BTEX group of molecules (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) is, among volatile organic compounds (VOC), the most widely found in indoor air and its main sources are the cleaning products, building materials and outdoor air supply [1]. Among the BTEX compounds, Benzene is the most dangerous one, since it has been proven as a carcinogenic component [2]. The European Commission report [3] stated that the limit concentration of Benzene in an indoor environment should be 5μg/m³. Therefore, it is really important to measure the concentration of these species in indoor environments. The separation of BTEX takes place inside the micro-column is due to the adsorption and desorption phenomena. The relative rates of adsorption and desorption onto and off the stationary phase inside the chromatographic column allow chemicals in the analyzed samples to be separated and then quantified. Aiming to have a good performance of chemical detection, it is always important to have well-separated analytes in the GC column, hence designing an efficient column is crucial to the success of the microchemical detection system [4]. Usually, the micro-columns used in gas-chromatographs are silica tubes of about 150 to 300 microns in diameter and about 20 meters long [5]. These columns have a thin stationary phase layer coated onto the walls of about 1μm thick. The different adsorption and desorption rates between the species to be separated with the stationary phase will generate different interactions between them, and each species will reach the outlet of the micro-column in a distinct instant. Placed after the micro-column, another component of the gas chromatography device, called detector, is accountable for measuring the concentration of each specie in tested air sample. The final output provided by the gas chromatograph analyzed in the present work is a graph containing the concentration of the BTEX compounds species in time, called chromatogram. In a very long and narrow channel and under isothermal conditions, the pressure and density could change considerably between the inlet and outlet in the function of the applied end conditions. Therefore, the velocity of the flow in the outlet cross-section of the column is higher than the velocity nearby the inlet. Consequently, even though the flow velocity is much smaller than the sound speed, the compressibility effect and the flow velocity variation with the position have to be considered. The working conditions of our micro-column are: outlet pressure of 1atm and temperature of 65°C. Under these conditions, the mean free path of Nitrogen, the

Published
2019

46. Photomultiplier tubes for application of toluene detection using Deep-UV Absorption spectrophotometry, (oral presentation & poster & proceedings with peer review)

Author

Khan, Sulaiman, Newport, David, Le Calvé, Stéphane, School of Engineering [Limerick, Ireland] (Bernal Institute), University of Limerick (UL)-Bernal Institute [Limerick, Ireland], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 643095,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,MIGRATE(2015), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Calvé, Stéphane, and Research and training network on MIniaturized Gas flow for Applications with enhanced Thermal Effects - MIGRATE - - H20202015-11-01 - 2019-10-31 - 643095 - VALID

Subjects
spectroscopy, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, hollow-core waveguides, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, optical gas sensors, Deep-UV LED, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BTEX
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays there is an increasing demand for monitoring indoor air quality due to presence of harmful pollutants. Among other airborne pollutants, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are generated from daily use products used in cleaning, cooking, polishing and painting etc. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) are aromatics compounds considered to be some of the hazardous VOCs. Toluene is a colourless compound having a sweet pungent odour with density and boiling point of 0.866 g-cm-3 and 110.7 o C respectively. In indoor spaces, it is generated from daily-use items like cleaning products, paints, perfumes, polishing and smoking and in outdoor it is emitted mostly from automobiles [1]. Acute exposure to toluene can affect the kidney, liver, skin and central nervous system [2]. There are increasing strict regulations about the exposure limits of BTEX. For example, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) have defined the threshold limit value (TLV) of 50 ppm for toluene for an 8-hour exposure [3]. Monitoring of airborne BTEX at sub-ppm range needs a sensitive and selective detection technique. Optical detection methods are sensitive and non-invasive detection methods, have minimal drift issues and have a rapid time response. Amongst these methods, absorption spectrophotometry is a direct and inherently selective measurement technique based on the unique fingerprints (absorption spectra) of the molecules at a specific wavelength. UV absorption spectrometry is a well-known analytical technique and has been applied to a number of applications in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and biomedical due to its simplicity, flexibility, low cost and convenience [4]. BTEX molecules absorb strongly in deep-UV range (i.e. 250-270nm) facilitating detection using absorption spectrophotometry [5].

Published
2019

47. Microfluidic sensing of airborne formaldehyde: towards on-chip integration (oral presentation & poster & proceedings with peer review)

Author

Măriuța, Daniel, Baldas, Lucien, Colin, Stéphane, Barrot-Lattes, Christine, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Korvink, Jan Gerrit, Brandner, Juergen J., Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microsystems Engineering [Freiburg] (IMTEK), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institute for Micro Process Engineering, European Project: 643095,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,MIGRATE(2015), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Le Calvé, Stéphane, and Research and training network on MIniaturized Gas flow for Applications with enhanced Thermal Effects - MIGRATE - - H20202015-11-01 - 2019-10-31 - 643095 - VALID

Subjects
Contact sensing, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, CMOS-based fluorescence sensing ABSTRACT, Micro-fabrication, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, On-chip membrane-based gas-liquid contacting, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

49. Comparison of two Analytical Systems for Continuous Monitoring of ppb to ppm-levels of Formaldehyde in Air.

Author

Grandjean, Audrey, Bazin, Damien, Amiet, Franck, and Le Calvé, Stéphane

Subjects
FORMALDEHYDE, AIRBORNE infection, FLUORIMETRY, CONSTRUCTION materials, PLYWOOD
Abstract

Accurate and continuous monitoring of indoor air quality is crucial to understand and prevent airborne diseases, since humans spend most of their routine time indoors. Aldehydes are of particular interest as they are irritants and usually present in indoor air at concentrations from 2 to 10 times higher than in outdoor air. Formaldehyde, the most abundant one, is classified as carcinogenic category 1B under European Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In indoor air, aldehydes mainly originate from construction materials such as plywood, insulating materials and paints. Some aldehydes have a pungent and fruity odour at high concentrations but may be undetected at low concentration. To be able to implement preventive measures, there is a need for continuous, fast, accurate and robust techniques for quantification of aldehydes in indoor air. In this work, two different systems which have been developed for monitoring of formaldehyde and other aldehydes are presented: a portable microdevice based on the derivatization of formaldehyde for continuous fluorometric detection, and an Automatic Gas 2D-chromatograph equipped with a thermodesorption unit and flame ionization detector (auto-TD-GC-FID). These techniques were compared under laboratory-controlled measurements. The portable microdevice specifically quantifies formaldehyde down to ppb levels. It is compact and uses a specific aqueous reagent to convert formaldehyde into a fluorescent product, 100 mL enabling a continuous monitoring for 4 days. The auto-TD-GC-FID is an automatic gas chromatograph permitting formaldehyde and acetaldehyde quantification from ppb to ppm levels. It runs continuously with successive 15-min cycles. This instrument only requires a power supply and gas generators or gas cylinders of hydrogen, air, and nitrogen. Our experimental results demonstrate that both analytical devices quantify formaldehyde accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Atmospheric dispersion modelling of gaseous emissions from Beirut international airport activities.

Author

Mokalled, Tharwat, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Badaro-Saliba, Nada, Abboud, Maher, Zaarour, Rita, Farah, Wehbeh, and Adjizian-Gérard, Jocelyne

Subjects
DISPERSION (Atmospheric chemistry), ATMOSPHERIC models, HEALTH impact assessment, INTERNATIONAL airports, AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions, METROPOLITAN areas, FUEL tanks
Abstract

The projected increase of civil aviation activity, the degradation of air quality and the location of Beirut Airport embedded in a very urbanized area, in addition to the special geography and topography surrounding the airport which plays a significant role in drawing emissions to larger distances, demanded an assessment of the spatial impact of the airport activities on the air quality of Beirut and its suburbs. This is the first study in the Middle East region that model pollutant concentrations resulting from an international airport's activities using an advanced atmospheric dispersion modelling system in a country with no data. This followed validation campaigns showing very strong correlations (r = 0.85) at validation sites as close as possible to emission sources. The modelling results showed extremely high NO2 concentrations within the airport vicinity, i.e., up to 110 μg∙m-3 (which is greater than the World Health Organization annual guidelines) posing a health hazard to the workers in the ramp. The major contribution of Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport to the degradation of air quality was in the airport vicinity; however, it extended to Beirut and its suburbs in addition to affecting the seashore area due to emissions along the aircraft trajectory; this is an aspect rarely considered in previous studies. On the other hand, elevated volatile organic compound levels were observed near the fuel tanks and at the aerodrome center. This study provides (ⅰ) a methodology to assess pollutant concentrations resulting from airport emissions through the use of an advanced dispersion model in a country with no data; and (ⅱ) a tool for policy makers to better understand the contribution of the airport's operations to national pollutant emissions, which is vital for mitigation strategies and health impact assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
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