20 results on '"Le Bihan, Guillaume"'
Search Results
2. Transcriptome analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 grown in vitro in the sterile-filtrated cecal content of human gut microbiota associated rats reveals an adaptive expression of metabolic and virulence genes
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Jubelin, Grégory, Garneau, Philippe, Bernalier-Donadille, Annick, Martin, Christine, Beaudry, Francis, and Harel, Josée
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. N-Acetyl-glucosamine influences the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli
- Author
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Sicard, Jean-Félix, Vogeleer, Philippe, Le Bihan, Guillaume, Rodriguez Olivera, Yaindrys, Beaudry, Francis, Jacques, Mario, and Harel, Josée
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Regional models for distributed flash-flood nowcasting: towards an estimation of potential impacts and damages
- Author
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Le Bihan Guillaume, Payrastre Olivier, Gaume Eric, Moncoulon David, and Pons Frédéric
- Subjects
Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Flash floods monitoring systems developed up to now generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-floods magnitudes based on highly distributed hydrological models and weather radar records. The approach presented here aims to go one step ahead by offering a direct assessment of the potential impacts of flash floods on inhabited areas. This approach is based on an a priori analysis of the considered area in order (1) to evaluate based on a semi-automatic hydraulic approach (Cartino method) the potentially flooded areas for different discharge levels, and (2) to identify the associated buildings and/or population at risk based on geographic databases. This preliminary analysis enables to build a simplified impact model (discharge-impact curve) for each river reach, which can be used to directly estimate the importance of potentially affected assets based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-runoff model. This article presents a first case study conducted in the Gard region (south eastern France). The first validation results are presented in terms of (1) accuracy of the delineation of the flooded areas estimated based on the Cartino method and using a high resolution DTM, and (2) relevance and usefulness of the impact model obtained. The impacts estimated at the event scale will now be evaluated in a near future based on insurance claim data provided by CCR (Caisse Centrale de Réassurrance).
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The N-acetylglucosamine sensor NagC regulates LEE gene expression in EHEC
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Sicard, Jean-Félix, Garneau, Philippe, Bernalier, Annick, Gobert, Alain, Garrivier, Annie, Martin, Christine, Hay, Anthony G, Beaudry, Francis, Harel, Josée, Jubelin, Grégory, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Cornell University [New York], ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2017
6. The October 2015 flash-floods in south eastern France: hydrological analyses, inundation mapping and impact estimations
- Author
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Payrastre, Olivier, Bourgin, François, Lebouc, Laurent, Le Bihan, Guillaume, Gaume, Eric, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and Cadic, Ifsttar
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HYDROLOGY ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,HYDROLOGIE ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
10th HyMeX Workshop, BARCELONE, ESPAGNE, 04-/07/2017 - 07/07/2017; International audience; The October 2015 flash-floods in south eastern France caused more than twenty fatalities, high damages and large economic losses in high density urban areas of the Mediterranean coast, including the cities of Mandelieu-La Napoule, Cannes and Antibes.Following a post event survey and preliminary analyses conducted within the framework of the HyMeX project, we set up an entire simulation chain at the regional scale to better understand this outstanding event. Rainfall-runoff simulations, inundation mapping and a first estimation of the impacts are conducted following the approach developed and successfully applied for two large flash-flood events in two different French regions (Gard in 2002 and Var in 2010) by Le Bihan (2016). A distributed rainfall-runoff model applied at high resolution for the whole area - including numerous small ungauged basins - is used to feed a semi-automatic hydraulic approach (Cartino method) applied along the river network - including small tributaries. Estimation of the impacts is then performed based on the delineation of the flooded areas and geographic databases identifying buildings and population at risk.
- Published
- 2017
7. Validation of an integrated flash flood impacts forecasting chain based on insurance claim data
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, PAYRASTRE, Olivier, Gaume, Eric, Moncoulon, David, PONS, Frédéric, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, parent, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Méditerranée (Cerema Direction Méditerranée), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and Cadic, Ifsttar
- Subjects
RISQUE MAJEUR ,INONDATION ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,PREVISION ,RISQUE NATUREL ,[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,PLUIE ,HYDROLOGIE ,SURVEILLANCE ,CRUE ,ASSURANCE ,DEBIT ,RUISSELLEMENT - Abstract
10th HYMEX WORKSHOP, BARCELONE, ESPAGNE, 04-/07/2017 - 07/07/2017; Up to now, flash flood monitoring and forecasting systems, based on rainfall radar measurements and distributed rainfall-runoff models, generally aimed at estimating flood magnitudes - typically discharges or return periods - at selected river cross sections. The approach presented here goes one step further by proposing an integrated forecasting chain for the direct assessment of flash flood possible impacts on inhabited areas (number of buildings at risk in the presented case studies). The proposed approach includes, in addition to a distributed rainfall-runoff model, an automatic hydraulic method suited for the computation of flood extent maps on a dense river network and over large territories. The resulting catalogue of flood extent maps is then combined with land use data to build a flood impact curve for each considered river reach, i.e. the number of inundated buildings versus discharge. These curves are finally used to compute estimated impacts based on forecasted discharges. The approach has been extensively tested in the regions of Alès and Draguignan, located in the south of France, where welldocumented major flash floods recently occurred. The article presents two types of validation results. First, the automatically computed flood extent maps and corresponding water levels are tested against rating curves at available river gauging stations as well as against local reference or observed flood extent maps. Second, a rich and comprehensive insurance claim database is used to evaluate the relevance of the estimated impacts for some recent major floods.
- Published
- 2017
8. When lung cancer was rare: An historical study of prevalence from 1760.
- Author
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Ollivier, Luc, primary, Saliou, Philippe, additional, Pradier, Olivier, additional, Quéré, Gilles, additional, Descourt, Renaud, additional, Smolarz, André, additional, Bore, Paul, additional, Cherid, Karima, additional, Blot, Anne-Sophie, additional, Le Bihan, Guillaume, additional, Sassier, Francois, additional, Orione, Charles, additional, Schick, Ulrike, additional, and Roge, Christophe, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Modèles hydrologiques régionaux pour la prévision distribuée des crues rapides : vers une estimation des impacts et des dommages potentiels
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université Bretagne Loire, and Eric Gaume, Olivier Payrastre
- Subjects
INONDATION ,HYDROLOGY ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,RISQUE NATUREL ,PREVISION ,IMPACT ,HYDROLOGIE ,FLOOD ,CRUE ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,FORECAST - Abstract
With the development of rainfall measurements at high spatial and temporal resolutions, the use of distributed hydrometeorological models is now considered to forecast flash floods on small and ungauged catchment areas. Current flashflood monitoring systems generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-flood magnitudes. However they do not assess the potential impacts of flash-flood, which highly depends on the catchment areas configuration and on the importance of potentially affected assets. The purpose of this PhD research work was to develop and test a method which can be used to directly estimate the impacts of flash-floods, based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-runoff model. The approach is based on a prior analysis of the study area in order to assess the potential impact of different discharge levels on the flooded areas and to identify from geography database the associated buildings at risk. The aim is to build impact models on specific river reaches, using discharge versus impact graphs. The use of these impact models combined with a rainfall-runoff model, has enabled us to compute maps of potential impacts, based on real time assessment of flood events updated every 15 minutes. This method was evaluated on two case studies looking at the accuracy and relevance of estimated impacts for each event - and comparing the outcomes to insurance losses data. This research work has helped to confirm the efficiency of this new combined method, which may become a useful tool to forecast large-scale effects of local impacts of flash-floods.; Avec le développement des mesures de pluie à hautes résolutions spatiale et temporelle, l'utilisation de modèles hydrométéorologiques distribués est désormais envisagée pour anticiper les phénomènes de crues soudaines sur les petits bassins versants non jaugés. Toutefois les approches développées jusqu'ici se sont généralement focalisées sur l'évaluation des phénomènes hydrologiques, en laissant de côté la question de leurs impacts, qui dépendent fortement de la configuration du terrain et des enjeux qui y sont présents. Ce travail de thèse a permis de développer et tester une méthode d'évaluation directe de ces impacts à partir des sorties d'un modèle pluie-débit. L'approche mise en oeuvre repose sur un travail préalable d'analyse du territoire permettant d'une part d'évaluer les emprises submergées dans une large gamme de débits par une approche hydraulique simplifiée, puis de construire des relations univoques débit-enjeux par bief de cours d'eau. Ces relations permettent de produire des cartes d'enjeux potentiellement touchés, actualisées régulièrement en cours d'éÎnement. Deux étude de cas ont permis de réaliser une première évaluation des performances de cette approche, à la fois du point de vue de la qualité d'estimation des emprises inondées, puis du point de vue des impacts estimés à l'échelle d'un éÎnement, qui ont été comparés à des données de sinistres d'assurance. Au final, ces travaux ont permis de confirmer le potentiel de la méthode, dont les performances semblent en adéquation avec l'objectif visé: obtenir rapidement une première hiérarchisation des impacts occasionnés par les crues soudaines à l'échelle d'un grand territoire.
- Published
- 2016
10. Regional hydrological models for distributed flash-floods nowcasting: towards an estimation of potential impacts and damages
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Payrastre, Olivier, Gaume, Eric, Moncoulon, David, PONS, Frederic, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Département Géotechnique, Environnement, Risques naturels et Sciences de la terre (IFSTTAR/GERS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Paris-Est-PRES Université de Grenoble, CCR, parent, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Méditerranée (Cerema Direction Méditerranée), and Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)
- Subjects
RISQUE MAJEUR ,INONDATION ,RISQUE NATUREL ,PREVISION ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,CRUE ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,DOMMAGE MATERIEL - Abstract
FLOODrisk 2016, 3rd european conference on flood risk management, LYON, FRANCE, 17-/10/2016 - 21/10/2016; Flash floos monitoring systems developed up to now generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-floods magnitudes based on highly distributed hydrological models and weather radar records. The approach presented here aims to go one step ahead by offering a direct assessment of the potential impacts of flash floods on inhabited areas. This approach is based on an a priori analysis of the considered area in order (1) to evaluate based on a semi-automatic hydraulic approach (Cartino method, Pons et al. 2014) the potentially flooded areas for different discharge levels, and (2) to identify the associated buildings and/or population at risk based on geographic databases. This preliminary analysis enables to build a simplified impact model (discharge-impact curve) for each river reach, which can be used to directly estimate the importance of potentially affected assets based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-runoff model. This article presents a first case study conducted in the Gard region (south eastern France). The first validation results are presented in terms of (1) accuracy of the delineation of the flooded areas estimated based on the Cartino method and using a high resolution DTM, and (2) relevance and usefulness of the impact model obtained. The impacts estimated at the event scale will now be evaluated in a near future based on insurance claims data provided by CCR (Caisse Centrale de Réassurrance).; Présentation d'un modèle de prévision des crues soudaines et de résultats de validation à partir de sinistres enregistrés par les compagnies d'assurance.
- Published
- 2016
11. Distributed flash flood forecasts based on regional hydrological models: towards the forecast of flood possible impacts and damages
- Author
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LE BIHAN, Guillaume, Cadic, Ifsttar, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université Bretagne Loire, and Eric Gaume, Olivier Payrastre
- Subjects
CATASTROPHE NATURELLE ,IMPACT ,[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,HYDROLOGIE ,SIG ,FORECAST ,BASSIN VERSANT ,INONDATION ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,HYDROLOGY ,RISQUE NATUREL ,PREVISION ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,FLOOD ,CRUE ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
With the development of rainfall measurements at high spatial and temporal resolutions, the use of distributed hydrometeorological models is now considered to forecast flash floods on small and ungauged catchment areas. Current flashflood monitoring systems generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-flood magnitudes. However they do not assess the potential impacts of flash-flood, which highly depends on the catchment areas configuration and on the importance of potentially affected assets. The purpose of this PhD research work was to develop and test a method which can be used to directly estimate the impacts of flash-floods, based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-runoff model. The approach is based on a prior analysis of the study area in order to assess the potential impact of different discharge levels on the flooded areas and to identify from geography database the associated buildings at risk. The aim is to build impact models on specific river reaches, using discharge versus impact graphs. The use of these impact models combined with a rainfall-runoff model, has enabled us to compute maps of potential impacts, based on real time assessment of flood events updated every 15 minutes. This method was evaluated on two case studies looking at the accuracy and relevance of estimated impacts for each event - and comparing the outcomes to insurance losses data. This research work has helped to confirm the efficiency of this new combined method, which may become a useful tool to forecast large-scale effects of local impacts of flash-floods., Avec le développement des mesures de pluie à hautes résolutions spatiale et temporelle, l'utilisation de modèles hydrométéorologiques distribués est désormais envisagée pour anticiper les phénomènes de crues soudaines sur les petits bassins versants non jaugés. Toutefois les approches développées jusqu'ici se sont généralement focalisées sur l'évaluation des phénomènes hydrologiques, en laissant de côté la question de leurs impacts, qui dépendent fortement de la configuration du terrain et des enjeux qui y sont présents. Ce travail de thèse a permis de développer et tester une méthode d'évaluation directe de ces impacts à partir des sorties d'un modèle pluie-débit. L'approche mise en oeuvre repose sur un travail préalable d'analyse du territoire permettant d'une part d'évaluer les emprises submergées dans une large gamme de débits par une approche hydraulique simplifiée, puis de construire des relations univoques débit-enjeux par bief de cours d'eau. Ces relations permettent de produire des cartes d'enjeux potentiellement touchés, actualisées régulièrement en cours d'éÎnement. Deux étude de cas ont permis de réaliser une première évaluation des performances de cette approche, à la fois du point de vue de la qualité d'estimation des emprises inondées, puis du point de vue des impacts estimés à l'échelle d'un éÎnement, qui ont été comparés à des données de sinistres d'assurance. Au final, ces travaux ont permis de confirmer le potentiel de la méthode, dont les performances semblent en adéquation avec l'objectif visé: obtenir rapidement une première hiérarchisation des impacts occasionnés par les crues soudaines à l'échelle d'un grand territoire.
- Published
- 2016
12. The challenge of forecasting impacts of flash floods: test of a simplified hydraulic approach and validation based on insurance claim data
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, primary, Payrastre, Olivier, additional, Gaume, Eric, additional, Moncoulon, David, additional, and Pons, Frédéric, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Interactions of Intestinal Bacteria with Components of the Intestinal Mucus
- Author
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Sicard, Jean-Félix, primary, Le Bihan, Guillaume, additional, Vogeleer, Philippe, additional, Jacques, Mario, additional, and Harel, Josée, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The NAG Sensor NagC Regulates LEE Gene Expression and Contributes to Gut Colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, primary, Sicard, Jean-Félix, additional, Garneau, Philippe, additional, Bernalier-Donadille, Annick, additional, Gobert, Alain P., additional, Garrivier, Annie, additional, Martin, Christine, additional, Hay, Anthony G., additional, Beaudry, Francis, additional, Harel, Josée, additional, and Jubelin, Grégory, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Influence du microbiote intestinal sur le métabolisme et la virulence des Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Harel, Josée, and Jubelin, Grégory
- Subjects
Metabolism ,Régulation ,Intestinal microbiota ,Métabolisme ,Virulence ,Escherichia coli entérohémorragique ,Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ,Microbiote intestinal ,Adaptation ,Regulation - Abstract
Les Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques (EHEC) représentent un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays développés. Les EHEC sont régulièrement responsables de toxi-infections alimentaires graves chez l’humain et causent des colites hémorragiques et le symptôme hémolytique et urémique, mortel chez les enfants en bas âge. Les EHEC les plus virulents appartiennent au sérotype O157:H7 et le bovin constitue leur réservoir naturel. À ce jour il n’existe aucun traitement pour éviter l’apparition des symptômes liés à une infection à EHEC. Par conséquent, il est important d’augmenter nos connaissances sur les mécanismes employés par le pathogène pour réguler sa virulence et coloniser efficacement la niche intestinale. Dans un premier temps, l’adaptation de la souche EHEC O157:H7 EDL933 à l’activité métabolique du microbiote intestinal a été étudiée au niveau transcriptionnel. Pour se faire, EDL933 a été cultivée dans les contenus caecaux de rats axéniques (milieu GFC) et dans ceux provenant de rats colonisés par le microbiote intestinal humain (milieu HMC). Le HMC est un milieu cécal conditionné in vivo par le microbiote. Dans le HMC par rapport au GFC, EDL933 change drastiquement de profile métabolique en réponse à l’activité du microbiote et cela se traduit par une diminution de l’expression des voies de la glycolyse et une activation des voies de l’anaplérose (voies métaboliques dont le rôle est d’approvisionner le cycle TCA en intermédiaires métaboliques). Ces résultats, couplés avec une analyse métabolomique ciblée sur plusieurs composés, ont révélé la carence en nutriments rencontrée par le pathogène dans le HMC et les stratégies métaboliques utilisées pour s’adapter au microbiote intestinal. De plus, l’expression des gènes de virulence incluant les gènes du locus d’effacement des entérocytes (LEE) codant pour le système de sécrétion de type III sont réprimés dans le HMC par rapport au GFC indiquant la capacité du microbiote intestinal à réprimer la virulence des EHEC. L’influence de plusieurs composés intestinaux présents dans les contenus caecaux de rats sur l’expression des gènes de virulence d’EDL933 a ensuite été étudiée. Ces résultats ont démontré que deux composés, l’acide N-acétylneuraminique (Neu5Ac) et le N-acétylglucosamine (GlcNAc) répriment l’expression des gènes du LEE. La répression induite par ces composés s’effectue via NagC, le senseur du GlcNAc-6-P intracellulaire et le régulateur du catabolisme du GlcNAc et du galactose chez E. coli. NagC est un régulateur transcriptionnel inactivé en présence de GlcNAc-6-P qui dérive du catabolisme du Neu5Ac et du transport GlcNAc. Ce travail nous a permis d’identifier NagC comme un activateur des gènes du LEE et de mettre à jour un nouveau mécanisme qui permet la synchronisation de la virulence avec le métabolisme chez les EHEC O157:H7. La concentration du Neu5Ac et du GlcNAc est augmentée in vivo chez le rat par le symbiote humain Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, indiquant la capacité de certaines espèces du microbiote intestinal à relâcher les composés répresseurs de la virulence des pathogènes. Ce travail a permis l’identification des adaptations métaboliques des EHEC O157:H7 en réponse au microbiote intestinal ainsi que la découverte d’un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de la virulence en réponse au métabolisme. Ces données peuvent contribuer à l’élaboration de nouvelles approches visant à limiter les infections à EHEC., Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) represent an important public threat especially in developed countries. EHEC are human pathogens involved in food- and water-borne outbreaks and the cause of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic and uremic syndrome that is deadly to young children. The serotype O157:H7 contains the most virulent strain of EHEC and bovines are their natural reservoir. To date, no cure exists to avoid symptoms of an EHEC infection. Consequently, it is of interest to enhance our knowledge about mechanisms used by the pathogen to regulate virulence and to efficiently colonize the intestinal tract. The adaptive response of EHEC O157:H7 strain EDL933 to the metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota was first analysed at the transcriptional level. The strain EDL933 was grown in the cecal content of germ-free rats (GFC medium) and that of rats associated with the human intestinal microbiota (HMC medium). The HMC medium is an in vivo microbiota-conditioned medium. An important shift in the metabolic profile of EDL933 was observed in HMC as compared to GFC, with a decreased expression of genes involved in the glycolysis pathways and an increased expression of anaplerosis genes. These results, together with a targeted metabolomics analysis, revealed the nutrient starvation encounters by the pathogen in HMC and the metabolic strategies used to adapt the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, the expression of several virulence genes including those of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) encoding for the type III secretion system was decreased, indicating the ability of the intestinal microbiota to decrease virulence expression of pathogens. The influence of several intestinal compounds present in the cecal contents of rats was then tested for their ability to modulate the virulence gene expression of EDL933. Results demonstrated that the two compounds, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) down-regulate the expression of the LEE genes. This repression was dependant of the protein NagC which is the sensor of intracellular GlcNAc-6-P and the regulator of the GlcNAc and the galactose catabolism in E. coli. NagC is a transcriptional regulator that is inactivated in presence of GlcNAc-6-P derived from the Neu5Ac catabolism and the GlcNAc transport. This work led to the identification of NagC as an activator of the LEE genes and the discovery of a new mechanism involved in the coordination of virulence and metabolism in EHEC O157:H7. The concentration of Neu5Ac and GlcNAc was enhance in vivo by the human intestinal symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron indicating the ability of some species of the microbiota to release compounds that repress virulence of pathogens. This work led to the identification of the metabolic adaptive responses of EHEC O157:H7 in the intestinal milieu conditioned by the intestinal microbiota and the discovery of a new mechanism used to coordinate metabolism and virulence. These data could contribute to the development of news approaches leading to decrease EHEC infections.
- Published
- 2015
16. Vitamin B12 Uptake by the Gut Commensal Bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Limits the Production of Shiga Toxin by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
- Author
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Cordonnier, Charlotte, primary, Le Bihan, Guillaume, additional, Emond-Rheault, Jean-Guillaume, additional, Garrivier, Annie, additional, Harel, Josée, additional, and Jubelin, Grégory, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Food knowledge, representations and practical; data of the barometer health nutrition in Languedoc-Roussillon
- Author
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Le Bihan, Guillaume, Brozzetti, A., Bricas, Nicolas, Comité Régional d'Education pour la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
HUMAN NUTRITION ,HUMAN HEALTH ,HUMAN FEEDING ,CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
National audience; Le Baromètre santé nutrition 2002 décrit les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques de la population adulte du Languedoc-Roussillon en matière d’alimentation et de nutrition. Il permet une meilleure compréhension des comportements alimentaires et ouvre des pistes aux professionnels pour la mise en place d’interventions plus adaptées. C’est en alliant le plaisir et la convivialité à des recommandations opérationnelles ainsi qu’à la mise en place d’un environnement alimentaire plus propice, que la population pourra adopter des comportements alimentaires plus favorables à la santé.
- Published
- 2006
18. The Pho regulon and the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli
- Author
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Crépin, Sébastien, primary, Chekabab, Samuel-Mohammed, additional, Le Bihan, Guillaume, additional, Bertrand, Nicolas, additional, Dozois, Charles M., additional, and Harel, Josée, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Vitamin B12 Uptake by the Gut Commensal Bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Limits the Production of Shiga Toxin by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
- Author
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Cordonnier, Charlotte, Le Bihan, Guillaume, Emond-Rheault, Jean-Guillaume, Garrivier, Annie, Harel, Josée, and Jubelin, Grégory
- Subjects
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ESCHERICHIA coli O157:H7 , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *BACTEROIDS , *VITAMIN B12 , *KIDNEY failure - Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are foodborne pathogens responsible for the development of bloody diarrhea and renal failure in humans. Many environmental factors have been shown to regulate the production of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), the main virulence factor of EHEC. Among them, soluble factors produced by human gut microbiota and in particular, by the predominant species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron), inhibit Stx2 gene expression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the B. thetaiotaomicron-dependent inhibition of Stx2 production by EHEC. We determined that Stx2-regulating molecules are resistant to heat treatment but do not correspond to propionate and acetate, two short-chain fatty acids produced by B. thetaiotaomicron. Moreover, screening of a B. thetaiotaomicron mutant library identified seven mutants that do not inhibit Stx2 synthesis by EHEC. One mutant has impaired production of BtuB, an outer membrane receptor for vitamin B12. Together with restoration of Stx2 level after vitamin B12 supplementation, these data highlight vitamin B12 as a molecule produced by gut microbiota that modulates production of a key virulence factor of EHEC and consequently may affect the outcome of an infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. <italic>N</italic>-Acetyl-glucosamine influences the biofilm formation of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>.
- Author
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Sicard, Jean-Félix, Vogeleer, Philippe, Le Bihan, Guillaume, Rodriguez Olivera, Yaindrys, Beaudry, Francis, Jacques, Mario, and Harel, Josée
- Subjects
GLUCOSAMINE ,BIOFILMS ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,EPITHELIAL cells ,GUT microbiome - Abstract
Background: The intestinal mucous layer is a physical barrier that limits the contact between bacteria and host epithelial cells. There is growing evidence that microbiota-produced metabolites can also be specifically sensed by gut pathogens as signals to induce or repress virulence genes. Many
E. coli , including adherent and invasive (AIEC) strains, can form biofilm. This property can promote their intestinal colonization and resistance to immune mechanisms. We sought to evaluate the impact of mucus-derived sugars on biofilm formation ofE. coli . Results: We showed that the mucin sugarN -acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) can reduce biofilm formation of AIEC strain LF82. We demonstrated that the inactivation of the regulatory protein NagC, by addition of NAG or by mutation ofnagC gene, reduced the biofilm formation of LF82 in static condition. Interestingly, real-time monitoring of biofilm formation of LF82 using microfluidic system showed that the mutation ofnagC impairs the early process of biofilm development of LF82. Thus, NAG sensor NagC is involved in the early steps of biofilm formation of AIEC strain LF82 under both static and dynamic conditions. Its implication is partly due to the activation of type 1 fimbriae. NAG can also influence biofilm formation of other intestinalE. coli strains. Conclusions: This study highlights how catabolism can be involved in biofilm formation ofE. coli . Mucus-derived sugars can influence virulence properties of pathogenicE. coli and this study will help us better understand the mechanisms used to prevent colonization of the intestinal mucosa by pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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