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The problem of municipalities under 200 inhabitants is discussed. There are 1,500 such municipalities (24%) in the Czech Republic. Many of them came to existence after 1989 when the independence of communes was considered part of the democratisation process regardless of the population number. This paper aims at a statistical evaluation of municipalities with fewer than 200 inhabitants and presents their geographical distribution, demographic development and analysis of their aging. In general, 70% of these very small municipalities have been growing since 2001. The smallest of them have the highest percentage of the population decline and are the most endangered by aging. Very small municipalities with the highest population growth are situated mainly in the vicinity of larger towns, the ones with the highest population decline are located mainly in peripheral areas at the border of regions.

One of the possibilities how to connect new and unconventional approaches in teaching is experiential education. Internal motivation of pupils for teamwork and protection of natural resources is formed in this form of education. Pupils acquire direct experience with living organisms, so their link between cognitive and affective learning is strengthened. We carried out this form of experiential learning in nature especially in the area of the Botanical Garden of UPJŠ in Košice. We prepared worksheets and methodological materials for three areas (Forest Ecosystem, Herb Garden and Citrus Greenhouse) for pupils and teachers. Field trip was organized for 170 pupils of second grade primary school. After field trip pupils completed a worksheet and a questionnaire. The data were statistically evaluated using MANCOVA. We found statistically significant differences in the effect of the mark on pupils' biology knowledge. We concluded the influence of gender on the attitude to cultivation of plants and the attitude to plants like a part of the nature. The positive pupils' attitude to plant correlated due to experience with teaching biology in the field. Teachers should to prefer outdoor educational activities to form positive attitude to nature, human and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the modular workstations concept based on miniaturization and re-configurability trends. The article focuses on presentation of sample production system, referred as agile, with a modular construction structure made up of aluminium profile system by building-block principles. The modular architecture allows an individual and flexible adaptation of workstations to varying requirements of production tasks. In the first part of this article are discussed the specification of basic flexibility types in production system and the main impacts influencing design of manufacturing structures. The closing section of the article provides the specification of example solution of adjustable production platform with modular frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of ergonomic design is, among others, adaptation of manual workstations, workplace, working space, environmental conditions and lighting intensity to human properties and skills. Ergonomically designed workstation in production system with modular structure brings many benefits, e.g. increased motivation and satisfaction of employee, higher performance, productivity, efficiency, and processing quality. This article is a reference to help methodically plan, design and implement ergonomic workstations by considering variables such as employee size, type of task, lighting, and other key factors. The goal is to present the rules of ergonomic for work systems: body height and working height; work area; reach zone; parts presentation; range of vision; lighting; adjustment of work equipment. Using of the modular building- block system for designing individual workplaces enables flexibility and optimal adaptation to task and individual employee concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article deals with the specification of basics Lean Manufacturing principles that should help to designing lean production solutions for own applications. The 9 principles discussed in this paper are: continuous flow; lean machines - simplicity; workplace organization; parts presentation; reconfigurability; product quality; maintainability; ease of access; and ergonomics. The presented article focuses on characteristic of possibilities to design "lean" assembly workstations with a modular construction structure made up of aluminium profile and building- block kit. There are specified selected potentialities for a productivity improvement. The goal is to present some examples of flexible workstations construction in ordinary assembly system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed at problems of designing of production systems with a modular construction structure made up of building-block principles on the basis of aluminium profiles and kit components. The modular structure allows an individual and flexible adaptation to varying requirements but also the realization of low-cost solutions. Benefits to using the modular profile systems and building elements for creation of new or modernized production base of workstations are: simple fast assembly, short planning time, simple disassembly, easy construction, retrospective modifications, reassembling of all elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]