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Background: Hospital readmission is a quality metric of hospital care and has been studied in ovarian carcinoma, but its evaluation has several limitations. Also, emergency room (ER) readmission is considered an adverse effect because it represents patient costs. Therefore, our objective was to determine the rate of ER readmission, its causes, and associated factors., Methods: A retrospective study of 592 patients with ovarian carcinoma who underwent upfront surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, or surgery for recurrent disease. An analysis of factors associated with ER readmission, hospital readmission, and surgical complications was performed, including multivariate analysis to assess for case-mix factors., Results: Of 592 patients, the median age was 51 years, and the predominant type of treatment was the neoadjuvant approach (52.9%); 46% underwent upfront surgeries and six surgeries for recurrence. The ratio to ER readmission was 11.8% (70 patients), of whom 12 patients were admitted more than once. The factors associated with ER readmission were prolonged surgery, intraoperative bleeding, extended hospital stay, the time of the day when the surgery was performed, and post-surgical complications. The hospital readmissions were 4.2%, and the overall morbidity was 17.6%. In the multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with ER readmission was the presence of surgical complications (OR = 39.01). The factors independently associated with hospital readmission were the entrance to the intensive care unit (OR = 1.37), the presence of surgical complications (OR = 2.85), and ER readmission (OR = 1.45)., Conclusion: ER readmission is an adverse event representing the presence of symptoms/complications in patients. Evaluating the ER readmission independently of the readmission to the hospital is critical because it will allow modifying medical care behaviors to prevent patients from unnecessarily returning to the hospital after a hospital discharge to manage preventable medical problems., Trial Registration: researchregistry7882., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Feedback loops mediate signaling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. There are two types, positive and negative feedback loops. Both are subject to alterations, and consequently can become pathogenic in the development of diseases such as cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of signaling pathways through feedback loops hidden as the dark regulatory elements yet to be described with great impact on cancer tumorigenesis, development, and drug resistance. Several feedback loops have been studied in cancer, however, how they are regulated by lncRNAs is hardly evident, setting a trending topic in oncological research. In this review, we recapitulate and discuss the feedback loops that are regulated by lncRNAs to promote drug resistance. Furthermore, we propose additional strategies that allow us to identify, analyze and comprehend feedback loops regulated by lncRNAs to induce drug resistance or even to gain insight into novel feedback loops that are stimulated under the pressure of treatment and consequently increase its efficacy. This knowledge will be useful to optimize the therapeutic use of oncological drugs., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The most frequently diagnosed histological types of cervical cancer (CC) are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Clinically, the prognosis of both types is controversial. A molecular profile that distinguishes each histological subtype and predicts the prognosis would be of great benefit to CC patients., Methods: The transcriptome of CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed using the DESeq2 package to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ADC and SCC. The DEGs were validated on a publicly available Mexican-Mestizo patient transcriptome dataset (GSE56303). The global biological pathways involving the DEGs were obtained using the Webgestalt platform. The associations of the DEGs with Overall Survival (OS) were assessed. Finally, three DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of Mexican patients., Results: The molecular profiles of ADC and SCC of the CC patients of the TCGA database and the Mexican-Mestizo cohort (GSE56303) were determined obtaining 1768 and 88 DEGs, respectively. Strikingly, 70 genes were concordant-with similar Log2FoldChange values-in both cohorts. The 70 DEGs were involved in IL-17, JAK/STAT, and Ras signaling. Kaplan-Meier OS analysis from the Mexican-Mestizo cohort showed that higher GABRB2 and TSPAN8 and lower TMEM40 expression were associated with better OS. Similar results were found in an independent Mexican cohort., Conclusions: Molecular differences were detected between the ADC and SCC subtypes; however, further studies are required to define the appropriate prognostic biomarker for each histological type.

Despite efforts to promote health policies focused on screening and early detection, cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality in women; in 2020, estimated 30,000 deaths in Latin America were reported for this type of tumor. While the therapies used to treat cervical cancer have excellent results in tumors identified in early stages, those women who are diagnosed in locally advanced and advanced stages show survival rates at 5 years of <50%. Molecular patterns associated with clinical response have been studied in patients who present resistance to treatment; none of them have reached clinical practice. It is therefore necessary to continue analyzing molecular patterns that allow us to identify patients at risk of developing resistance to conventional therapy. In this study, we analyzed the global methylation profile of 22 patients diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer and validated the genomic results in an independent cohort of 70 patients. We showed that BRD9 promoter region methylation and CTU1 demethylation were associated with a higher overall survival (p = 0.06) and progression-free survival (p = 0.0001), whereas DOCK8 demethylation was associated with therapy-resistant patients and a lower overall survival and progression-free survival (p = 0.025 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Our results suggest that methylation of promoter regions in specific genes may provide molecular markers associated with response to treatment in cancer; further investigation is needed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Contreras-Romero, Pérez-Yépez, Martinez-Gutierrez, Campos-Parra, Zentella-Dehesa, Jacobo-Herrera, López-Camarillo, Corredor-Alonso, Martínez-Coronel, Rodríguez-Dorantes, de León and Pérez-Plasencia.)

Introduction: Aging is a phenomenon that has increased worldwide as a result of a higher life expectancy, evidencing situations typical of this stage, which can impact the happiness of individuals, who deserve attention and approach from mental health and public health., Objective: to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics, medical history and symptoms, emotional state, social support, cognitive performance, and functional dependence, in relation to happiness in older adults in a rural area of Túquerres, Nariño., Method: cross-sectional study of association. Results: There were 252 records in total, corresponding to the data of rural older adults. A multivariate linear regression was performed, finding an association with happiness in the variables of age ( β a = . 41; CI95% .09 - .73), socioeconomic level ( β a = -.22; CI95% -.58 - .13), education level ( β a = . 41; CI95% . 68 - 1.49), occupation ( β a = . 59; CI95% -.48 - 1.67), having chronic disease ( β a = . 42; CI95% .12 - .73), breathing difficulties ( β a = -.25; CI95% -.51 - .02), joint pain ( β a = . 55; CI95% .26 - .83), depression symptoms ( β a = -.21; CI95% -.48 - .06]) or anxiety ( β a = . 40; CI95% .72 - .07), and social support ( β a = -.27; CI95% -.52 - -.02)., Discussion: this population has unfavorable socioeconomic and health conditions that impact their perception of happiness. Conclusion: happiness is a multicausal phenomenon that in older adults is part of the result of the interaction of variables and historical decisions at a political, economic, and social level., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

The odour-active compounds of feijoa (Acca sellowiana), were isolated by Solvent-Assisted Flavour Evaporation (SAFE). By application of GC-O and the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), nineteen odorants were detected. Volatile compounds with highest flavour dilution (FD) factor were quantified by internal standard and relative response factor. On the basis of the quantitative data and odour thresholds in water, odour activity values (OAV) were calculated. High OAVs were determined for ethyl butanoate, Z-3-hexenal, linalool and methyl benzoate responsible for the fruity, green, flowery and medicinal notes. A recombination assay and omission tests, showed the relevance of Z-3-hexenal, linalool and methyl benzoate as odour active compounds in feijoa aroma. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used in order to verified linalool enantiomeric distribution in two feijoa varieties. R-linalool was the major configuration in both varieties. Quimba variety showed an enantiomeric ratio 75:25 while for Mammoth variety, linalool enantiomeric ratio was 95:5 (R:S)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Multidisciplinary interventions may be useful for children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in areas where new blood glucose monitoring and control technologies are difficult to access., Methods: PAANDA, a care program for adolescents and children with diabetes, was implemented in patients aged 0 to 18 years and 11 months. The effect of the intervention was determined by self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1C ) levels at start and after 6 months., Results: A total of 121 patients with DM were evaluated, mean age of 14.27 years (SD: 4.60 years). Blood glucose measurements in range (70-120 mg/dL pre-prandial or 70-180 mg/dL post-prandial) increased by 20.67% before breakfast, 8.14% after breakfast (both P-value <.001), 5.02% before lunch (P-value = .02), 8.66% after lunch (P-value <.001), 11.50% before dinner (P-value <.001), 11.87% after dinner (P-value <.001), and 8.00% at dawn (P-value = .001). This change was accompanied by fewer values in the hyperglycemic category (-19.49% before breakfast, -7.73% after breakfast, both P-value <.001) and hypoglycemia (-1.18%). HbA 1C levels decreased significantly 1.8% (P-value = .018). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increase in glycemic control associated with each month after the intervention time in the PAANDA program (P-value <.001 for all the time points evaluated) and a significant decrease in glycemic variability., Conclusions: The multidisciplinary PAANDA intervention had a beneficial effect on glycemic control, with an improved time in range in a population of children and adolescents with DM., (© 2019 The Authors. Pediatric Diabetes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Cervicouterine cancer (CC) is a health problem worldwide and is the fourth most common cancer in women, with a greater proportion of individuals affected by advanced stages of the disease in developing countries., Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the TruScreen™ opto-electronic device vs. conventional cytology in CC screenings., Methodology: This is a prospective observational study that included individuals who presented for the first time at the Dysplasia Clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from March 1 through April 30, 2016, and those referred due to abnormal conventional cytology. The patients were evaluated with the TruScreen™ device, conventional cytology, colposcopy and, if necessary, cervical biopsy. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the TruScreen™, using conventional cytology as the standard., Results: Thirty-two patients were included who met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 40 years (range, 23-61 years). For the diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesions, the TruScreen™ device showed a 43% sensitivity, a 92% specificity, a PPV of 60%, and a NPV of 85%, whereas evaluation via cervical biopsy exhibited a 33% sensitivity, an 86% specificity, a 33% PPV, and an 86% NPV. The Kappa agreement index of the TruScreen™ with the colposcopies was 0.70., Conclusions: TruScreen™ demonstrated low sensitivity and high specificity compared with conventional cytology, which had a high NPV., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with 85% of the mortality burden occurring in less-developed regions of the world. The Cervix Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was founded by the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) with a mission to improve outcomes in cervix cancer by increasing access to high-quality clinical trials worldwide, with particular attention to less-developed, underrepresented sites. The CCRN held its second international educational symposium in Mexico City with ninety participants from fifteen Latin America countries in January 2017. The purpose of this symposium was to advance knowledge in cervix cancer therapy, promote recruitment to CCRN clinical trials, and to identify relevant future CCRN clinical trial concepts that could improve global care standards for women with cervical cancer.

The purpose of the study was to explore variables of the health belief model in relation to the follow-up of abnormal Pap smear among low-income women in Medellín, Colombia. Eight focus groups (62 women) were conducted according to age groups (25-45 and 46-69 years). The data were analyzed using content analysis. The participants perceived themselves as vulnerable, recognized the severity of the disease in terms of both its emotional and physical consequences, perceived the benefits of the follow-up, and mentioned cues to action, such as social support and the support of health entities. Perceived self-efficacy was compromised by health system barriers and by personal barriers, such as placing the needs of their children ahead of their own, fear, neglect, and the pain caused by the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Health education activities aimed at increasing the follow-up of abnormal Pap smears should consider psychological factors.

Histone demethylase KDM4A is involved in H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 demethylation, which are epigenetic modifications associated with gene silencing and RNA Polymerase II elongation, respectively. KDM4A is abnormally expressed in cancer, affecting the expression of multiple targets, such as the CHD5 gene. This enzyme localizes at the first intron of CHD5 , and the dissociation of KDM4A increases gene expression. In vitro assays showed that KDM4A-mediated demethylation is enhanced in the presence of CTCF, suggesting that CTCF could increase its enzymatic activity in vivo, however the specific mechanism by which CTCF and KDM4A might be involved in the CHD5 gene repression is poorly understood. Here, we show that CTCF and KDM4A form a protein complex, which is recruited into the first intron of CHD5 . This is related to a decrease in H3K36me3/2 histone marks and is associated with its transcriptional downregulation. Depletion of CTCF or KDM4A by siRNA, triggered the reactivation of CHD5 expression, suggesting that both proteins are involved in the negative regulation of this gene. Furthermore, the knockout of KDM4A restored the CHD5 expression and H3K36me3 and H3K36me2 histone marks. Such mechanism acts independently of CHD5 promoter DNA methylation. Our findings support a novel mechanism of epigenetic repression at the gene body that does not involve promoter silencing., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

Phyllodes tumors account for less than 1% of tumors of the mammary gland, have both epithelial and stromal components and are classified as benign, borderline and malignant. The malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous: they can differentiate to liposarcomas, fibrosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, chondrosarcomas or osteosarcomas. The differentiation to osteosarcoma is extremely rare, constitutes 1.3% of cases and is very aggressive. The standard treatment of these tumors is surgical. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not clear. However, in patients in whom wide surgical margins are not achieved, adjuvant radiotherapy can be of help. We report a 63 years old female with a right breast osteosarcoma with an osteoclastic component, originating in a phyllodes tumor. The tumor was excised surgically and afterwards she was treated with 10 sessions of 50 Gy of radiotherapy in 25 fractions. She has remained free of disease for the last 10 months.

Objective: In Mexico cervical cancer (CC) is the most common cause of death from neoplasia in women. Study aimed to analyze the current distribution of Human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women from Nayarit, Mexico, with Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and Cervical cancer (CC)., Methodology: Between January 2011 and July 2013, cervical samples were collected from female residents of the Mexican state of Nayarit and were analyzed by means of a LINEAR ARRAY® HPV genotyping test. Data analyses were performed using Stata ver. 8.0 statistical software., Results: Of the samples analyzed, 91.2%, HPV DNA was detected. Of these positive samples, 82% were High-risk (HR) viral types. The most prevalent HPV genotypes identified were 16, 58, 31, 18, and 70. Forty two percent of participants had a single infection, while 23 and 26% of participants were infected with two or more HPV genotypes, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype identified and was frequently present as a co-infection with HPV types 18, 51, 52, 59, 66, or 70., Conclusion: Women <20 years of age were most often infected with HPV, and the HPV Quadrivalent vaccine (types 16, 18, 6, and 11), currently available in Mexico, no confers protection against a subset of the HPV genotypes identified in the present study (58, 31, 70, and 35). Thus, it is important evaluate the geographical distribution of specific HPV genotypes in all health of center across Mexico in order to implement a successful vaccination program and to diagnose CC in its early stages.

Background: Anal cancer has become one of the most common non-AIDS-defined tumors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) individuals, and a rise in its incidence among HIV+ Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) has been shown, despite the introduction of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are highly prevalent among HIV+ MSM and recent studies have shown high rates of HPV-associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer among this population., Methods: In the present study we determined the prevalence and nature of HPV co-infections in the anal canal of 324 HIV+ MSM attending a high specialty medical center in Mexico City, DNA extraction and amplification with generic primers for HPV was performed, followed by detection of specific types and co-infections with INNO-Lipa, and identification of variants by amplification and sequencing of the E6 and LCR region of HPV 16., Results: We found a very high prevalence of HPV infections among this cohort (86%), with more than one fourth of them (28%) positive for type 16. Among HPV16-positive patients, European variants were the most prevalent, followed by Asian-American ones. Among these individuals (HPV-16+), we identified co-infections with other 21 HPV types namely; 11, 51, 52, 6, 66, 68, 74, 18, 45, 35, 26, 44, 70, 53, 54, 82, 31, 33, 56, 58, 59., Conclusions: HIV+ MSM show a very high rate of HPV infections in the anal canal and those with type 16 exhibited a multiplicity of associated types. This study emphasizes the need for an early detection of HPV infections among HIV+ MSM in order to establish its utility to prevent anal neoplasia and cancer.

In order to adequately stage patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas (ESTS), it is mandatory to include all adverse prognostic factors and create an integral staging system. We were able to evaluate a nomogram based on a score (STSSS), to improve ESTS staging. We retrospectively evaluated 596 patients with ESTS in stages I-III, of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), who had a complete resection. We analyzed the influence of clinicopathological factors on metastasis, recurrence, and disease-specific survival. The STSSS was based on histologic grade (HG), profundity, tumor size (TS), and surgical margins; we also compared STSSS versus AJCC systems in their ability to stage ESTS. The mean TS was 11.8 cm, with 50%>10 cm. Large TS and high HG were independent but adverse prognostic factors for metastasis. In addition, large TS, high grade, and R1 resection were independent adverse prognostic factors for decreased survival. There was a progressive decline in survival as TS increased, although AJCC staging did not correlate well between stages (IA vs. IB p=0.233, IA vs. IIA p=0.123, IA vs. IIB p=0.075, IB vs. IIA p=0.472, IB vs. IIB p=0.211). STSSS showed differences between these categories for 5-year survival (I vs. II p=0.003, II vs. III p=0.002, III vs. IV p<0.001). Surgical margins, HG, and TS are important determinants for metastases and survival. We also found a strong correlation between survival and prognosis with the use of STSSS in the immediate postoperative setting.

Background: Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), a protein of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), recognizes MAD2 through two leucine zippers, transporting and activating MAD2, which promotes a metaphase arrest signal. A single nucleotide polymorphism of MAD1 was found to affect the SAC function that could be involved in a poor response to therapeutic agents that alter the dynamics of microtubules., Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the polymorphism MAD1 1673 G → A (rs1801368) with the efficiency of the SAC and the generation of aneuploidies and with the therapeutic response of patients with ovarian cancer., Methods: The polymorphism was evaluated in 144 healthy individuals and 91 patients. Mitotic arrest and the presence of errors in segregation were analyzed in cultured human lymphocytes treated with nocodazole and paclitaxel. Errors in segregation were also evaluated in 27 biopsies of patients., Results: Allele frequencies in healthy individuals were G: 50%, A: 50%, whereas in the patients they were G: 38%, A: 62% (P<0.05). The percentage of cells with mitotic arrest was higher among GG cells (P<0.05). The frequency of micronuclei and nondisjunction events increased in AA cells (P<0.05). Tumors from polymorphic patients had a higher percentage of aneuploid cells (P<0.05). The GG patients showed a higher biochemical response, optimal cytoreduction, and sensitivity to the treatment. There were no differences in progression-free or overall survival between both groups., Conclusion: The polymorphism MAD1 1673 G → A affects SAC functionality, increasing the frequency of aneuploid cells. This polymorphism modifies the response to agents that alter the dynamics of microtubules in patients with ovarian cancer.

Aim: We investigate if body mass index (BMI, kg × m(2)) is related to clinical-pathological characteristics in primary tumor and disease outcome in endometrial cancer., Background: Endometrial cancer incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. High BMI is associated with worse prognosis for many diseases., Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in industrialized countries and the incidence has been increasing over the last few decades associated with obesity, however, it is not clear if a high BMI is associated with poor prognosis., Patients and Methods: In total, 147 women primarily treated for endometrial carcinoma at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología during 2000-2005 were studied. Body mass index was available for all patients and related to comprehensive clinical and histopathological data., Results: High BMI was related to endometrioid histology and low/intermediate grade, and overweight/obese women had the same survival as the normal/underweight women. In survival analysis adjusting for age, histological subtype and grade, BMI showed no independent prognostic impact., Conclusion: High BMI was significantly associated with markers of non-aggressive disease and women with high BMI had the same survival time in univariate analysis.

Aims: The objectives of this report are, first, to describe the clinical behavior of cases of carcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix treated at our institution in order to carry out a systematic review to establish the behavioral patterns of the most frequent metastases to the cervix and, second, to generate guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment., Methods: At the National Institute of Cancer of Mexico (INCan), we performed a review of the clinical files with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm metastatic to the uterine cervix between 1990 and 2009. For a systematic review, we conducted a PubMed search between the years 1970 and 2009 of case reports and series of cases of patients with metastatic gastric, breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer. We analyzed each report individually and extracted the patients' clinical data from our cases and reports, including the primary tumor, cervical metastases and survival rates., Results: There were 10 cases of tumors metastatic to the uterine cervix. Metastasis was documented in one-half of the patients during follow up, with two of these cases having the cervix as the only site. We included the following reports in the systematic review: 13 reports of gastric-associated cancer, 30 related to breast cancer, nine with ovarian-associated cancer and 10 related to colorectal cancer., Conclusions: Metastatic cervical activity is an infrequent event. The prognosis of survival is poor in the presence of gastric or ovarian cancer and cervical metastases., (© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research © 2012 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Perivascular epithelioid tumor is not a common disease; therefore, large series are not available in the literature, and most are case reports. Histologic characteristics of these neoplasms are positivity to melanogenic (HMB-45) and muscle stains. All these neoplasms have the characteristic perivascular epithelioid cell or "PEC," but the term myomelanocyte tumor has been proposed because of the immunohistochemistry expression. Females are affected more commonly than males. The uterus seems to be one of the most common organs affected. Its clinical behavior is uncertain, and standard treatment has not been established as well as criteria for malignancy. We report 3 cases of abdominal PEComa, 1 of them with benign clinical outcome and 2 with an aggressive behavior.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the main health problems in developed countries, occupying first place in mortality in women. It is well-known that there are risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Nonetheless, in 50-80% of cases known risk factors have not been identified, this has generated the attempt to identify new factors related with this neoplasia as viral infections. The aim of this work is investigate the prevalence of HPV DNA in patients with breast lesions at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia de Mexico., Methods: Fifty-one cases of breast cancer were selected from the files of the institute and compared by age and tumor size with 43 cases of non malignant breast lesions (fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease and phyllodes tumor). Paraffin embedded specimens were selected, HPV DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced for different types of HPV in case of positivity for HPV-DNA. Descriptive analysis of clinical and pathological variables was performed and comparisons between positive and negative cases was done., Results: All patients were mexican, mean age was 53.3, median age of menarche was 13 and median tumor size 9 cms. Cervicovaginal cytology was performed to all patients, 1 patient (1.9%) of cancer group had HPV and none in the other group, no cases were diagnosed with cervical dysplasia. In the group of carcinomas 36 (70.5%) were negative and 15 (29.4%) were positive to HPV-DNA, 10(66.6%) were positive for HPV 16, 3(20%) for HPV 18, two cases (13.4%) were positive for both. In the group of benign conditions all were negative to HPV-DNA., Conclusion: Presence of HPV in breast cancer in our group of cases is high in comparison to other authors; larger numbers of cases need to be analyzed in order to establish the exact role of this virus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Background: Retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinomas are rare lesions, the majority of cases presented as one-patient reports., Methods: We present two cases of retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinoma, both in women of reproductive age: one with aggressive behavior, and the remaining case, with a more indolent clinical evolution., Results: One case presented as pelvic tumor, was treated with surgical resection of the disease, but manifested with recurrent disease a few months later despite use of chemotherapy. The second case involved a patient with diagnosis of abdominal tumor; during laparotomy, a retroperitoneal tumor was found and was totally removed. At follow-up, the patient is disease-free with no other treatment., Conclusion: The behavior and treatment of retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinoma are controversial. We suggest aggressive surgery including radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoopherectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy in these cases.

During the past two decades evidence has been developed that indicates a handful of viruses with known oncogenic capacity, have potential roles in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV - the cause of breast cancer in mice), high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV-the cause of cervical cancer), Epstein Barr virus (EBV-the cause of lymphomas and naso-pharyngeal cancer) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV - the cause of cancers in cattle). These viruses may act alone or in combination. Each of these viruses are significantly more prevalent in breast cancers than in normal and benign breast tissue controls. The odds ratios for the prevalence of these viruses in breast cancer compared to normal and benign breast controls, are based on case control studies - MMTV 13·40, HPV 5.56, EBV 4·43 and BLV 2·57. The odds ratios for MMTV are much greater compared to the other three viruses. The evidence for a causal role for mouse mammary tumour virus and high risk for cancer human papilloma viruses in human breast cancer is increasingly comprehensive. The evidence for Epstein Barr virus and bovine leukemia virus is more limited. Overall the evidence is substantial in support of a viral cause of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Breast Cancer (BC) stands out as the widely prevalent malignancy among all the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. There is significant evidence that the pathogenicity of BC may be altered by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection; however, conclusive data are not yet available. Methods: By searching five databases, including EMBASE, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, a thorough systematic analysis was conducted on the prevalence of HPV in BC patients from 1990 to June 30, 2022. After applying extensive eligibility criteria, we selected 74 publications for further analysis based on the prevalence of HPV infections in breast tissues. All of the data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, Cochran Q test and I2 statistic were used to calculate the heterogeneity of the prevalence among these studies using subgroup analysis. Variations in the HPV prevalence estimates in different subgroups were evaluated by subgroup meta-analysis. Results: In total, 3156 studies were initially screened, resulting in 93 full-text studies reviewed, with 74 meeting inclusion criteria. Among a total of 7156 BC biopsies, the pool prevalence of HPV was 25.6% (95% CI= 0.24-0.33, t2 = 0.0369 with significant heterogeneity between estimates (I² = 97% and p< 0.01). Consequently, 45 studies with available controls were further studied, and the prevalence of HPV in case-control studies was 26.2% with overall odds 5.55 (95% CI= 3.67-8.41, I² = 38%, t2 = 1.4878, p< 0.01). Further subgroup analysis of HPV revealed HPV-16 had a maximum prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI= 3.06-11.86, I² = 0%, t2 = 0.6111, p< 0.01). Among different geographical regions, Europe reported the maximum prevalence of HPV, i.e., 39.2% (95% CI=1.29-7.91, I² = 18%, t2 = 1.2911, p< 0.01). Overall distribution showed HPV-18 was a frequent HPV subtype reported in Australia. Conclusion: Current study provides a global estimate of HPV prevalence in BC patients and demonstrates a significant association between this virus and BC etiology. Nevertheless, we recommend further investigation into the underlying mechanism is essential to validate this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a worldwide health problem due to the number of deaths caused by this neoplasm. In particular, in 2020, 30,000 deaths of this type of tumor were reported in Latin America. Treatments used to manage patients diagnosed in the early stages have excellent results as measured by different clinical outcomes. Existing first-line treatments are not enough to avoid cancer recurrence, progression, or metastasis in locally advanced and advanced stages. Therefore, there is a need to continue with the proposal of new therapies. Drug repositioning is a strategy to explore known medicines as treatments for other diseases. In this scenario, drugs used in other pathologies that have antitumor activity, such as metformin and sodium oxamate, are analyzed. Methods: In this research, we combined the drugsmetformin and sodium oxamate with doxorubicin (named triple therapy or TT) based on their mechanism of action and previous investigation of our group against three CC cell lines. Results: Through flow cytometry, Western blot, and protein microarray experiments, we found TT-induced apoptosis on HeLa, CaSki, and SiHa through the caspase 3 intrinsic pathway, including the critical proapoptotic proteins BAD, BAX, cytochrome-C, and p21. In addition, mTOR and S6K phosphorylated proteins were inhibited in the three cell lines. Also, we show an anti-migratory activity of the TT, suggesting other targets of the drug combination in the late CC stages. Discussion: These results, together with our former studies, conclude that TT inhibits the mTOR pathway leading to cell death by apoptosis. Our work provides new evidence of TT against cervical cancer as a promising antineoplastic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer causes the most breast cancer-related deaths around the world, especially in countries where breast cancer is detected late into its development. Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility started with the BRCA 1 and 2 genes. Still, recent research has shown that variations in other members of the DNA damage response (DDR) are also associated with elevated cancer risk, opening new opportunities for enhanced genetic testing strategies. Methods: We sequenced BRCA1/2 and twelve other DDR genes from a Mexicanmestizo population of 40 metastatic breast cancer patients through semiconductor sequencing. Results: Overall, we found 22 variants -9 of them reported for the first time- and a strikingly high proportion of variations in ARID1A. The presence of at least one variant in the ARID1A, BRCA1, BRCA2, or FANCA genes was associated with worse progression-free survival and overall survival in our patient cohort. Discussion: Our results reflected the unique characteristics of the Mexicanmestizo population as the proportion of variants we found differed from that of other global populations. Based on these findings, we suggest routine screening for variants in ARID1A along with BRCA1/2 in breast cancer patients from the Mexican-mestizo population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality resides in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, bio‐pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Drugs used in treating various disease conditions, the majority of the plant secondary metabolites, various chemicals used in cosmetics, and distinct flavoring agents used in food industries exhibit chirality. In this context, there is an obligation to extend the analysis to chiral aspects. Attempts have been made to summarize the systematic, successful approaches for enantiomeric production via both enantio‐selective synthesis and the resolution of enantiomers using various analytical techniques including crystallization, chiral chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, kinetic resolution mediated by enzymes. Efforts have also been made to describe the regulatory guidance regarding bridging studies in the milieu of chiral switching. The majority of the monoclonal antibodies, growth factors, blood components, deoxyribonucleic acids, enzymes, and even vaccines for various diseases like cancer, polio, malaria, tetanus, hepatitis B, cholera, diphtheria bind differently to the receptors because the majority of drug binding and antibody binding receptors are also exhibiting chirality. Recent advancements in the various analytical techniques involved in the chiral analysis of food to preserve the authenticity of distinct flavors and cosmetics to identify safer enantiomers and reduce side effects both to humans and the environment are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico is the center of maize Zea mays L. domestication with a large diversity of landrace genotypes that are of great economic, cultural and social importance. Landrace maize genotypes are mainly cultivated by smallholder farmers for local and specialized markets of culinary dishes, However, all maize genotypes are subject to insect herbivory among which the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith and the White grub larvae (Phyllophaga vetula Horn cause serious yield losses, by feeding on leaves and roots, respectively. Here we investigated the response of landrace and hybrid maize genotypes to herbivory from foliar (S. frugiperda) and root feeding (P. vetula) insects with five maize landrace and five hybrid maize genotypes. The main results showed that landrace maize genotypes suffered from a higher level of herbivory by S. frugiperda than hybrid maize genotypes. For root herbivory, no clear differences between landrace and hybrid maize were observed and overall, only one out of the five maize genotypes for each type of maize were negatively affected from the presence of P. vetula. In conclusion, maize genotypes respond differently to root and foliar herbivory, which should be considered when developing pest management strategies in maize agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight and Arn) is an attractive small- to medium-sized evergreen tree native to southern North America spanning from southern California, east to southern Florida. Despite its ornamental appeal, sweet acacia has limited commercial availability. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hydrothermal scarification on in vitro seed germination, and an efficient level of BA (6-benzylaminopurine) for in vitro multiplication, auxin rooting treatments, and acclimatization of sweet acacia. Results revealed that hydrothermal scarification and visual selection of imbibed seeds are the most effective for rapid in vitro seed germination. The source of seed utilized for the in vitro germination exhibited an unusual characteristic of producing seedlings with 2, 3, or 4 cotyledons. Regardless of the cotyledon number observed, sweet acacia can be efficiently micropropagated using multiplication media supplemented with either 1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1 BA followed by rooting media supplemented 0.5 mg L-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid). In vitro derived plantlets were subsequently acclimatized with high survival ranging from 72.7 to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a novel, diagnostically useful, and highly sensitive immunohistochemical marker for both primary and metastatic colorectal or appendiceal tumors. In the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on SATB2 expression in primary colorectal carcinomas and their corresponding liver metastases. Forty-four patients with colorectal carcinomas who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. SATB2 expression in specimens of biopsy, resected primary colorectal carcinomas, and resected metastatic foci were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared to caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2). Using a modified H-score, expressions were scored semiquantitatively for both staining intensity and tumor cell proportion with nuclear staining. SATB2 was positive in 43/44 cases (98%) in biopsy specimens, 42/44 cases (96%) in resected colorectal carcinomas with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 9/9 cases (100%) with liver metastases. However, these expressions were variably decreased, and the H-score was lower in resected colorectal carcinomas (158 ± 69) than in biopsy specimens (174 ± 60) (p < 0.01). The proportion of SATB2-positive area of colorectal carcinoma was 93% in metastatic foci, while the CDX2-positive area was 78%. When categorized by histopathological tumor regression, the most effective tumors of chemotherapy showed the lowest H-score in resected colorectal carcinomas among the three groups (p < 0.01). SATB2 is a useful marker for both primary colorectal carcinoma and corresponding liver metastases, even with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, caution should be exercised when performing needle biopsy for metastatic foci with neoadjuvant therapy because expressions could be decreased, especially in chemotherapy-effective cases, and show immunohistochemically negative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alerta (San Salvador) - Revista Cientifica del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. [Fabaceae]) is an evergreen or drought-deciduous tree with attractive foliage and fragrant yellow flowers. This Florida native has high drought tolerance and is underutilized in landscapes because of its limited availability and the limited knowledge of commercial production techniques. We conducted a series of 4 propagation studies for practical application by nurseries looking to grow sweet acacia. In Experiment 1, seeds were scarified with either sandpaper or boiling water treatments prior to soaking overnight. After 23 d, 62.7% and 76.0% emergence were achieved for the sandpaper and boiling water treatments, respectively, whereas the non-scarified control treatment resulted in only 1.3% emergence. For both the sandpaper and boiling water treatments, half of the seeds germinated by day 10.5 (T50). Two-thirds of the resultant seedlings were polycotyledonous, having 3 and 4 cotyledons and 6.8 times more branching when compared to those with 2 cotyledons. In Experiment 2, we scarified seeds with boiling water overnight and then sorted them by their appearance (imbibed versus non-imbibed). Initially, the visually imbibed seeds had the highest emergence followed by the visually non-imbibed seeds, and then the control seeds. Yet after 23 d, emergence was similar among imbibed (96.7%) and non-imbibed (87.8%) seeds and greater than the control (11.1%). We conducted Experiments 3 and 4 to determine if cutting propagation is a feasible alternative to seed propagation. In Experiment 3, the effects of liquid rooting hormone (auxin) concentrations on rooting were explored using semi-hardwood cuttings quick dipped with liquid Dip'N Grow (indole-3-butyric acid [IBA] + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA]) at concentrations of 4000:2000, 2000:1000, 1000:500, 500:250, and 0:0 mg/l (ppm) IBA:NAA. Regardless of treatment, few cuttings rooted and (or) survived the length of the experiment. In Experiment 4, the effects of talc rooting hormone concentrations on root formation were explored using younger stock plant cuttings and humidity domes placed within the mist house. When stuck with talc Hormex at 0, 8000, and 16,000 mg/l (ppm) IBA, 53% to 73% cutting survival was achieved with similar rooting percentage between treatments; however, cuttings treated with 16,000 mg/l (ppm) IBA had longer roots. Results confirm that asexual propagation of sweet acacia is possible by stem cuttings; however, the process is slow and not successful at rates necessary for commercial production. Instead, efficient sexual propagation can be reliably performed using a pre-sowing scarification treatment to alleviate physical seed dormancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review that systematically assessed the current state of clinical research into systematic therapy-based interventions against invasive cervical cancer. It analysed registry details of 59 systemic therapy-based cervical cancer trials on ClinicalTrials.gov with study start dates between January 2010 and June 2018. The review characterised the present cervical cancer trial landscape in terms of trial design features, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and repurposed therapy), and disease stages of interest. It also made an attempt to qualitatively synthesise the trial landscape in terms of the nature and trend of research focus, alignment with existing clinical needs, novelty of treatments or concepts pursued, and promise of new treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A limitation of traditional differential expression analysis on small datasets involves the possibility of false positives and false negatives due to sample variation. Considering the recent advances in deep learning (DL) based models, we wanted to expand the state-of-the-art in disease biomarker prediction from RNA-seq data using DL. However, application of DL to RNA-seq data is challenging due to absence of appropriate labels and smaller sample size as compared to number of genes. Deep learning coupled with transfer learning can improve prediction performance on novel data by incorporating patterns learned from other related data. With the emergence of new disease datasets, biomarker prediction would be facilitated by having a generalized model that can transfer the knowledge of trained feature maps to the new dataset. To the best of our knowledge, there is no Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model coupled with transfer learning to predict the significant upregulating (UR) and downregulating (DR) genes from both trained and untrained datasets. Results: We implemented a CNN model, DEGnext, to predict UR and DR genes from gene expression data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. DEGnext uses biologically validated data along with logarithmic fold change values to classify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as UR and DR genes. We applied transfer learning to our model to leverage the knowledge of trained feature maps to untrained cancer datasets. DEGnext's results were competitive (ROC scores between 88 and 99 % ) with those of five traditional machine learning methods: Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and XGBoost. DEGnext was robust and effective in terms of transferring learned feature maps to facilitate classification of unseen datasets. Additionally, we validated that the predicted DEGs from DEGnext were mapped to significant Gene Ontology terms and pathways related to cancer. Conclusions: DEGnext can classify DEGs into UR and DR genes from RNA-seq cancer datasets with high performance. This type of analysis, using biologically relevant fine-tuning data, may aid in the exploration of potential biomarkers and can be adapted for other disease datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year. So far, there has been no consensus on whether there is a direct relationship between the incidence of neoplasms and the immunosuppression caused by HIV that could help understand if coinfection increases the likelihood of cervical cancer. The objective of the study was to identify the presence of genetic variants of HPV in a group of HIV-positive women and their possible association with cervical cancer. Cervical samples were taken from HIV-positive patients for cytological analysis to identify the HPV genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The most prevalent L1 capsid protein mutations in the HPV genotype were analyzed in silico. Various types of HPV were identified, both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR). The most prevalent genotype was HPV51. Analysis of the L1 gene sequences of HPV51 isolates showed nucleotide variations. Of the samples analyzed in Puebla, Mexico, HPV51 had the highest incidence (17.5%, 7/40). Different mutations, which could be used as population markers, were detected in this area, and they have not been reported in the L1 databases for HPV51 in Mexico. Genotypes 6, 14, 86, 87, 89, and 91, not detected or reported in samples from patients with HPV in Mexico, were also identified. Data from the population analyzed suggest no direct relationship between HIV immunosuppression and cervical cancer, regardless of the high- or low-risk HPV genotype. Furthermore, it is possible to develop regional population markers for the detection of HPV based on the mutations that occur in the sequence of nucleotides analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumours often contain B cells and plasma cells but the antigen specificity of these intratumoral B cells is not well understood1–8. Here we show that human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific B cell responses are detectable in samples from patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancers, with active production of HPV-specific IgG antibodies in situ. HPV-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) were present in the tumour microenvironment, with minimal bystander recruitment of influenza-specific cells, suggesting a localized and antigen-specific ASC response. HPV-specific ASC responses correlated with titres of plasma IgG and were directed against the HPV proteins E2, E6 and E7, with the most dominant response against E2. Using intratumoral B cells and plasma cells, we generated several HPV-specific human monoclonal antibodies, which exhibited a high degree of somatic hypermutation, consistent with chronic antigen exposure. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses detected activated B cells, germinal centre B cells and ASCs within the tumour microenvironment. Compared with the tumour parenchyma, B cells and ASCs were preferentially localized in the tumour stroma, with well-formed clusters of activated B cells indicating ongoing germinal centre reactions. Overall, we show that antigen-specific activated and germinal centre B cells as well as plasma cells can be found in the tumour microenvironment. Our findings provide a better understanding of humoral immune responses in human cancer and suggest that tumour-infiltrating B cells could be harnessed for the development of therapeutic agents.Detailed analyses of B cells in the tumour microenvironment of human papilloma virus (HPV)-linked head and neck cancers reveal strong humoral immune responses to HPV antigens and the secretion of HPV-specific antibodies in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) anal infection is a major problem among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and associated risk factors were estimated in a cross-sectional study in MSM living in Bamako, Mali. Methods: MSM consulting at sexual health center of the National NGO Soutoura, Bamako, were prospectively included. Sociodemographic and clinical-biological data were collected. HPV detection and genotyping were performed from anal swabs using multiplex real-time PCR. Risk factors associated with anal HPV infection were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Fifty MSM (mean age, 24.2 years; range, 18–35) of which 32.0% were infected with HIV-1, were prospectively included. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection of any genotypes was 70.0% (35/50) with 80.0% (28/35) of swabs positive for HR-HPV. HR-HPV-58 was the most detected genotype [13/35 (37.1%)], followed by HR-HPV-16 and low-risk (LR)-HPV-6 [12/35 (34.2%)], LR-HPV-40 [10/35 (28.6%)], LR-HPV-11 [9/35 (25.7%)], HR-HPV-51 [8/35 (22.8%)], HR-HPV types 18 and 39 [7/35 (20.0%)] and LR-HPV-43 [6/35 (17.1%)]. HR-HPV-52 and LR-HPV-44 were detected in lower proportions [5/35 (14.3%) and 4/35 (11.4%), respectively]. LR-HPV-42, LR-HPV-54, HR-HPV-31 and HR-HPV-35 were detected in very low proportions [3/35 (8.5%)]. Multiple HR-HPV infections were diagnosed in one-third of anal samples [16/50 (32.0%)], including around half of HR-HPV-positive anal swabs [16/35 (45.7%)]. More than half [27/50 (54.0%)] swabs were infected by at least one of HPV genotypes targeted by Gardasil-9® vaccine, including a majority of vaccine HR-HPV [22/50 (44.0%)]. In multivariate analysis, participation to sex in group was associated with anal infection by multiple HPV (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1–18.1%; P = 0.032), and HIV-1 infection was associated with anal shedding of multiple HR-HPV (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.3–24.5%; P = 0.024). Conclusions: These observations indicate that the MSM community living in Bamako is at high-risk for HR-HPV anal infections, with a unique epidemiological HPV genotypes profile and high prevalence of anal HPV covered by the Gardasil-9® vaccine. Scaling up prevention strategies against HPV infection and related cancers adapted to this highly vulnerable MSM community should be urgently prioritized with innovative interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The chromatographic analysis of volatile flavor and fragrance compounds is performed routinely in several industries and in many fields of scientific research. Typical applications include food‐, environmental‐, essential oil‐ and cosmetics analysis. Even though the analysis of flavors and fragrances have become increasingly standardized during the past decade, there are still a large variety of techniques that can be used for their extraction, chemical analysis, and sensory analysis. Moreover, there are certain less commonly used techniques that are now being used with increased frequency and that are showing the potential of being used as alternatives to the existing standard techniques. In this annual review, the techniques that were most commonly used in 2020 for the investigation of these volatile compounds are discussed. In addition, a number of emerging trends are discussed, notably the use of solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) for extraction, GC ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for volatile compound analysis and electronic senses, that is, E‐noses and E‐tongues, for sensory analysis. Miscellaneous hyphenated techniques, advances in stationary phase chemistry and a number of interesting applications are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a long history of hunter-gatherer occupation in the Pampas region starting at the end of the Pleistocene, the known archaeological record is still sparse for some periods, such as the Middle Holocene. Here, we present new archaeological data from Las Toscas shallow lake, located in the inland plains of the southern Pampas, where systematic fieldwork revealed an abundant and diverse archaeological record resulting from hunter-gatherer occupation. The aims of this study were to establish the chronology of the occupations; to evaluate the use of faunal and lithic resources; and to contribute to the understanding of hunter-gatherer land use patterns. Archaeological evidence indicates that procurement, domestic, and ritual activities were conducted around the shallow lake during the Middle and Late Holocene, including hunting of terrestrial game; tool manufacture and repair; storing and use of mineral pigments; and likely human burial practices. Evidence also suggests that the use of this locality was not continuous but redundant and that this shallow lake was a persistent place for hunter-gatherers. Faunal data agrees with regional models that propose that Lama guanicoe was the main food resource during the second half of the Middle Holocene, although a taphonomic bias in favor of larger vertebrates cannot be ruled out. The lithic assemblages suggest that artifacts entered the locality mostly as part of individual toolkits and indicate a strong preference for orthoquartzite. Finally, bone remains of extinct fauna were recovered at the locality; however, a functional association between these remains and cultural material could not be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Among cancer prevention studies, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward triage adherence in the context of the human papillomavirus self-collection test. This formative research aims to identify knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to human papillomavirus and cervical cancer prevention specifically about adherence to Pap triage among women residing in a low-income province in Argentina. Methods: We conducted six focus groups, stratified by residence and age. All participants were aged 30 or older and had performed human papillomavirus self-collection. Data collection and thematic analysis were carried out using constructs from the Health Belief Model. Results: Misinformation regarding human papillomavirus and cervical cancer was common and was a source of distress. Women could not distinguish Pap screening from triage; human papillomavirus risk perception was limited but cervical cancer was perceived as a threatening disease. Women were willing to follow-up after receiving an abnormal screening result. Negative views about clinician-collected screening/triage were common, defined as painful and shameful, and comes with an economic cost (transport/time). Lack of help from family/friends was an obstacle to adhering to triage. Health issues in the family's records and a physician's recommendation were a cue to adhere to triage. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge or misinformation of the causes of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, and the multi-step screening and triage process are barriers to follow-up adherence. Interventions to improve communication between women and health providers about screening results and follow-up are needed. Also, health services should be organized to respond to women's needs and reduce access barriers to follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Global is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents the design process of innovative prototypes for cervical cancer prevention in primary care centers located in low-income settings in Cali, Colombia, using the Human-Centered Design (HCD). The project was developed in collaboration with a public healthcare network comprised of 38 urban and rural centers with women between the ages of 25 and 65 years, healthcare providers of the cancer program, healthcare administrators and the general manager of said network. Our HCD process involved five stages: research, need synthesis, ideation and co-design process, prototyping and in-context usability testing. In practice, some of the stages are overlapped and iterated throughout the design process. We conducted observations, open-ended interviews and conversations, multi-stakeholder workshops, focus groups, systematic text condensation analyses and tests in real contexts. As a result, we designed four prototypes: (1) 'Encanto': An educational manicure service, (2) 'No le des la espalda a la citología': A media-based strategy, (3) An educational wireless queuing device in the waiting room, and (4) Citobot: A cervical cancer early detection device, system, and method. The tests carried out with each prototype showed their value, limitations and possibilities in terms of subsequent development and validation through public health research or clinical research. We recognize that a longer-term evaluation is required in order to determine whether the prototypes will be used regularly, integrated into cervical cancer screening services and effectively improve access to cytology as a screening test. We conclude that HCD is a useful for design-based prevention in the field of cervical cancer. The integration of this approach with public health research would allow the generation of evidence during to the formulation of policies and programs as well as optimize existing interventions and, ultimately, facilitate the scalability and financing of what actually works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]