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Malnutrition refers to a person’s status as under- or overnourished, and it is usually associated with an inflammation status, which can subsequently imply a different health status, as the risk of infection is increased, along with a deterioration of the immune system. Children’s immune systems are generally more susceptible to problems than adults. In the situation of malnutrition, because malnourished children’s immune systems are compromised, they are more likely to die. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of altered immune functioning and how it relates to starvation. Nutritional interventions have been reported as cost-effective strategies to prevent or treat the development of malnourishment, considering the link between food intake and health, especially in children, and also the susceptibility of this population to diseases and how their health status during childhood might affect their long-term physiological growth. The ingestion of specific nutrients (e.g., vitamins or oligoelements) has been reported to contribute to the proper functioning of children’s immune systems. In this review, we aim to describe the basis of malnutrition and how this is linked to the immune system, considering the role of nutrients in the modulation of the immune system and the risk of infection that can occur in these situations in children, as well as to identify nutritional interventions to improve their health.

Background: Preschool education and first grade of primary education both help students acquire basic skills for reading, writing, and calculation; therefore, the development of sensory processing is essential for learning. The Covid-19 pandemic led to educational processes lacking sensory stimulation, which affected their learning. Therefore, there is a need to determine the sensory profile of preschool and first grade children at Zoila Esperanza Palacio school, using Winnie Dunn´s Sensory Profile Questionnaire 2. Objective: To assess the sensory processing of preschool and first grade children who attend Zoila Esperanza Palacio school, using Winnie Dunn´s Sensory Profile Questionnaire 2. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Data was collected by applying Winnie Dunn´s Sensory Profile Questionnaire 2 and its data collection form. For tabulation and statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics V.22, and Microsoft Excel 2013 were used. Results: 73,9% of children showed typical sensory processing performance; 26,1% showed sensory alterations: males were the most affected (21,5%) and those from 4 years to 4 years and 11 months were the most affected in regard to age (12,5%); 15,9% of them were preschool students. Conclusions: 26,1% of children attending Zoila Esperanza Palacio school showed sensory processing issues.

Eight colonies of live microbes were isolated from an extensively surface-sterilized halite sample which had been retrieved from a depth of 2000 m from a salt mine in the Qianjiang Depression, Hubei Province, PR China. The eight colonies, obtained after 4 weeks of incubation, were named JI20-1T–JI20-8 and JI20-1T was selected as the type strain. The strains have been previously described, including a genomic analysis based on the complete genome for strain JI20-1T and draft genomes for the other strains. In that study, the name Halobacterium hubeiense was suggested, based on the location of the drilling site. Previous phylogenomic analysis showed that strain JI20-1T is most closely related to the Permian isolate Halobacterium noricense from Alpine rock salt. The orthologous average nucleotide identity (orthoANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) percentages between the eight strains are 100–99.6% and 99.8–96.4%, respectively. The orthoANI and dDDH values of these strains with respect to the type strains of species of the genus Halobacterium are 89.9–78.2% and 37.3–21.6%, respectively, supporting their placement in a novel extremely halophilic archaeal species. The phylogenomic tree based on the comparison of sequences of 632 core-orthologous proteins confirmed the novel species status for these haloarchaea. The polar lipid profile includes phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and sulfated galactosyl man-nosyl galactosyl glucosyl diether, a profile compatible with that of Halobacterium noricense. Based on genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characterization, we propose strain JI20-1T (=DSM 114402T = HAMBI 3616T) as the type strain of a novel species in the genus Halobacterium, with the name Halobacterium hubeiense sp. nov.

Background: New challenges in our society are appearing following the emergence of antibiotic-resistant mi- croorganisms and the concerns about the use of antibiotics. Furthermore, food spoilage due to microorganisms leads to food waste of around 1.3 billion tons each year. Bioactive peptides obtained from food proteins, released by enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation, can be employed as a natural alternative to antibiotics and as pre- servative agents, due to their ability to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms. Plant protein use in the food industry is increasing over animal protein, due to the environmental and animal welfare concerns of the population. Considering the concerns about the use antibiotics, their exploitation as a source of antimicrobial peptides is gaining interest in recent years. Scope and approach: This review aims to summarize the published literature on protein hydrolysates as a source of antimicrobial peptides, obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation of plants, their mechanisms, and the use in the food industry by producing fortified products or edible coatings. Key findings and conclusions: Antibacterial and antifungal plant peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis are studied to a larger extent that antiviral peptides but further research concerning identification and applicability must be done. The results published show promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as fortification of foods or active packaging with dual bioactivity, related to the antimicrobial activity – avoiding food spoilage and antimicrobial resistance.

This research presents a study on the relationship between the artisan sector and the tourism sector of the Gualaceo, Chordeleg and Sígsig cantons, where the general situation of the supply and demand of the two sectors in the three cantons, the existence of impacts by of the tourism sector in the artisanal sector and finally a tourism cluster is proposed that achieves the connection between the two sectors. A qualitative approach of descriptive-interpretative scope was used. focused on the collection and analysis of information, for which semi-structured interviews with artisans and municipal representatives, as well as a non-participant observation. A review of bibliographic sources was also used, data geographical and statistical data of the study cantons. Among the final results, it was found that the relationship of the two sectors appears slightly on important dates of the cantons such as cantonizations, that artisans perceive the impact of tourism in craft fairs and that crafts have been maintained for commercial reasons. Hence It is necessary to create projects where both sectors are involved and benefits are created mutual. Keywords: handicrafts, tourism, impacts, cluster

Background: Nursing professionals are required to provide high quality healthcare service to all patients without distinction, across a variety of healthcare establishments. However, there is no scientific evidence about the perception of the actual “quality” of healthcare service, in particular from the point of view of the nursing professional, and in relation to the framework set forth by the theoretical model of Donabedian. Objective: To determine, from the point of view of nursing professionals, the perception of healthcare quality provided to patients of two healthcare establishments in the city of Cuenca during the calendar year 2022. Methodology: Studies of quantitative focus and observational design, descriptive of transversal analysis, from a sample of 171 nursing professionals from Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (public sector) and Clínica de Especialidades Médicas Latinoamericana (private sector). For data collection, we utilized Karen Personnel instrument (validated version). For data analysis we used the program SPSS version 22 to represent the results in tabulated format showing frequencies, percentages, median and standard deviation values. Results: From the sample studied, according to the type of establishment, 84,2% is of a public sector establishment, and 15,8% is of a private sector establishment. Nursing professionals of the female gender were overwhelmingly represented in the sample study, which included 90,3% in the public sector, and 85,2% in the private sector. The age range was between 26-35 years of age, of this age range 65,2% work at the hospital in the public sector, and 59,3% work at the clinic in the private sector. The majority of the sampled professionals reported to have graduated from university- level studies with an academic title of “licenciado/da” including 92,4% in the public sector and 92,6% in the public sector. Professional experience of the labor force was of 5 years or more in the public sector for 60,4% of participant

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 and its subsequent confinement as a neces- sary measure to curb its evolution, have provoked many changes in daily chores, with consequences and uncertainties in people. The educational context coped with the situation by moving to a non-face-to-face, synchronous online format, with the resources and technology available at home. Altering the habits of life and generating an extraordinary situation, emotionally convulsive and new. ELISAVA Emotional Data #stayathome is a tool whose objective was to promote a space for self-reflection for the members of the Elisava community about their own emotional state, while at the same time allowing the collection of daily data of this state during the confinement. ELISAVA Emotional Data complemented the set of measures applied by the school. The method applied for its develop- ment is research through design (RtD), co-created between the Decoding Well- being research line of Elisava Research and the startup Unifit. Its application starts with its communication. The participant, volunteer, responds to an initial baseline survey, and daily spends a few minutes reflecting on his/her emotional state related to diverse aspects of his/her daily life such as weather, work/studies, friendships or space, among others., Se aborda el caso de ELISAVA Emotional Data #stayathome , herramienta cuyo objetivo era promover un espacio de autorreflexión para los miembros de la comunidad Elisava sobre su propio estado emocional, al mismo tiempo que permitía recopilar datos diarios de dicho estado durante el confinamiento. ELISAVA Emotional Data fue complemento al conjunto de medidas aplicadas por la escuela en esta institución. El método aplicado para su desarrollo es la investigación a través del diseño (RtD) mediante un modelo cocreado entre la línea de investigación Decoding Well-being de Elisava Research y la startup Unifit (Barcelona). Para comenzar a operar la aplicación, el usuario responde una encuesta inicial y diariamente dedica unos minutos a reflexionar sobre su estado emocional, considerando variables como el clima, el trabajo o los estudios, las amistades o el espacio, entre otros.