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Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a 37KDa protein, is secreted by inflammatory and epithelial cells and displays anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities in intestinal bowel diseases. Herein, we aimed to functionalize recombinant AnxA1 (AnxA1) on multi-wall lipid core nanocapsules (MLNC) and investigate its effectiveness on experimental colitis. MLNC were prepared by covering lipid core nanocapsules (LNC) with chitosan, which coordinates metals to specific protein chemisorption sites. Therefore, MLNC were linked to Zn 2+ and AnxA1 was added to form MLNC-AnxA1. LNC, MLNC and MLNC-AnxA1 presented average size of 129, 152 and 163 nm, respectively, and similar polydispersity indexes (0.xx); incorporation of chitosan inverted the negative potential zeta; the coordination efficiency of AnxA1 was 92.22 %, and transmission electron microscope photomicrograph showed MLNC-AnxA1 had a spherical shape. The effectiveness of MLNC-AnxA1 was measured in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in male C57BL/6 mice. DSS (2 % solution) was administered from days 1-6; saline, LNC, MLNC, MLNC-AnxA1 or AnxA1 were administered, once a day, by oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes, from days 6-9. Clinical parameters of the disease were measured from day 0-10 and gut tissues were collected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses. Only i.p. treatment with MLNC-AnxA1 reduced weight loss, diarrhea and disease activity index, and prevented loss of colonic structure integrity; induced the switch of macrophages into M2 phenotype in the lamina propria; recovered the colonic histoarchitecture by decreasing dysplasia of crypts, inflammation and ulcerations; restored the expression of claudin-1 Zonna-occludens-1 tight junctions in the inflamed gut; and induced stem cell proliferation in intestinal crypts. Associated, data highlight the functionalization of MLNC with AnxA1 as a tool to improve the local actions of such protein in the inflamed gut by inducing resolution of inflammation and tissue repair., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Studies have shown that infection, excessive coagulation, cytokine storm, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypoxemia and oxidative stress have also been observed in critically ill Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients in addition to the onset symptoms. There are still no approved drugs or vaccines. Dietary supplements could possibly improve the patient's recovery. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), present an anti-inflammatory effect that could ameliorate some patients need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. EPA and DHA replace arachidonic acid (ARA) in the phospholipid membranes. When oxidized by enzymes, EPA and DHA contribute to the synthesis of less inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. This reduces inflammation. In contrast, some studies have reported that EPA and DHA can make cell membranes more susceptible to non-enzymatic oxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of potentially toxic oxidation products and increasing the oxidative stress. Although the inflammatory resolution improved by EPA and DHA could contribute to the recovery of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation cannot be recommended before randomized and controlled trials are carried out., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Persea major Kopp (Lauraceae) is a plant with wound healing, antibacterial, and analgesic properties. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of the concentrated crude extract (CCE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of this plant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare it with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] paste and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX)., Methods: The plant material was collected, and an extract was prepared according to the requirements of the study (CCE and EAF). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CCE, EAF, Ca(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2  + CCE, and CHX against E. faecalis were determined using the broth microdilution method RESULTS: The EAF inhibited E. faecalis at concentrations of 166.50, 83.25, and 41.62 mg mL -1 , and 1.00, 0.50, and 0.25% of CHX solutions showed antimicrobial activity. The MICs of Ca(OH) 2 paste were 166.50 and 83.25 mg mL -1 , whereas Ca(OH) 2  + CCE showed antimicrobial activity only at a concentration of 166.50 mg mL -1 . CCE showed no inhibitory effect at any of the concentrations tested CONCLUSIONS: The CCE did not show any antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis; however, the EAF was the most effective among the three highest concentrations tested.

Aims: To evaluate the use of the Portuguese version of the booklet "Your Pelvic Floor" as educational material, among Brazilian teenagers. The original version in English, directed to teenage audience, was developed by members of the Association for Continence Advice, in 2009., Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at a non-governmental organization (NGO, São Paulo, Brazil) that develops continuing education programs for low-income girls aged eight to eighteen years old. A questionnaire with five questions was developed and validated by experts to measure the efficacy of the booklet "Your Pelvic Floor" on the learning of teenagers. After this, teenagers underwent three steps: pre-test, reading educational material and post-test, using the developed questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge about pelvic floor before and after reading the booklet., Results: Sixteen teenagers volunteered to participate. The number of correct answers to the questionnaire was significantly higher (P < 0.01) after reading the educational material, in all questions., Conclusions: The educational material "Your pelvic floor" was shown to be effective in teaching teenagers about the pelvic floor. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:62-64, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Introduction: Different materials have been used for intervening in root perforations. These materials are often in contact with resin cements used for cementation of intraradicular retainers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to different materials used to treat root perforations (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA], Portland cement [PORT], and glass ionomer cement [GIC])., Methods: Four discs (10 × 1 mm) of each material (the MTA, PORT, and GIC groups) were embedded into polyvinyl chloride tubes using acrylic resin, ground, and polished until a flat surface was exposed. Afterward, 4 silicone molds were used to prepare self-adhesive resin cement cylinders (0.7 × 1 mm) on each disc surface (N = 16). The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24 hours and subjected to a microshear test. Then, the failure modes were examined. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (α = 0.05)., Results: The MTA and GIC groups showed significantly higher microshear bond strength values (3.36 ± 1.56 and 2.90 ± 1.49 MPa, respectively) than the PORT group (1.39 ± 0.77 MPa) (P < .05). Only adhesive failure modes were observed., Conclusions: When PORT was used as a root perforation material, GIC should be used as a base over it to improve shear bond strength with self-adhesive resin cement., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chronic wounds are considered a worldwide epidemic and pain is the most frequently symptom referred by the patients who have this type of wound. The aim was to assess the prevalence of pain in chronic wounds and relate socio-demographic and clinical variables to pain. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out in Basic Health Units (BHU), Family Health Strategy (ESF) and in a university hospital in two cities of Minas Gerais. 200 individuals who had chronic ulcers of different etiologies participated. Data collection took place between October 2012 and January 2013. The majority of participants (69%) reported they were in pain during the interview. Subjects with higher education had more pain. Patients with venous ulcers had less severe pain, and arterial ulcers were responsible for scoring the highest value of pain. It was found that most patients with chronic wounds feel pain; its intensity depends on the type of wound and this symptom should be recognized while caring for these patients., (Copyright © 2016 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate through computed microtomography the transportation and centralization of root canals instrumented using the WaveOne system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) associated or unassociated with previous apical and cervical enlargements., Methods: Thirty-six mandibular molars were selected with independent mesial roots and curvatures and randomized into the following groups: PathFile (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the PFWO group), ProTaper Universal SX (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the SXWO group), and WaveOne Primary (the WO group). Computed microtomographic imaging was performed pre- and postpreparation to obtain measurements of mesial and distal dentin walls and calculations of root canal transportation (%) and centralization. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the different groups, repeated measures analysis of variance for comparison of the root thirds in each group, and the Student t test for comparisons between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals., Results: Transportation of the cervical and middle thirds to the danger zone was observed in both roots, whereas the apical thirds were transported to the outer face of the curvature. In the PFWO and SXWO groups, less transportation was observed in the middle thirds of the mesiobuccal canals compared with the WO group (P < .05). Centralization remained almost unchanged in the SXWO group (P < .05)., Conclusions: In each group, transportation toward the danger zone was mostly observed in the cervical thirds of the mesiobuccal canals. Cervical or apical enlargement resulted in reduced transportation and improved centralization of the middle thirds compared with the exclusive use of the WaveOne system., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cervical preflaring on apical transportation in curved root canals prepared using the Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating file systems., Methods: Sixty curved canals were instrumented using Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary files, with and without preflaring (n = 15). A double-digital technique was used to digitally superimpose the file before instrumentation (#15 K-file) on the final apical reciprocating file (#25/08). The angle between the tip of the initial and final file was measured and recorded. Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and significance was set at p < 0.05., Results: The mean and standard deviation for apical transportation was 0.93 ± 2.48 for the Reciproc Group, 0.84 ± 1.94 for the Preflaring + Reciproc Group, 0.40 ± 1.14 for the WaveOne Group, and 0.83 ± 2.20 for the Preflaring + WaveOne Group. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups (p = 0.9509)., Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, cervical preflaring did not influence apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented using Reciproc R25 and the WaveOne Primary files. Based on the in vitro measurements of apical transportation, the reciprocating files may be used without preflaring in curved root canals.

Context: This study was carried out on the assumption that calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] dressing and irrigants may influence the obturation of lateral canals., Aims: To evaluate the influence of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and Ca(OH) 2 on the filling of artificial lateral canals., Settings and Design: Ex vivo quantitative laboratory study., Materials and Methods: Forty-two human mandibular premolars were selected. After cavity access, six lateral canals were performed, two in each root section, one mesial and one on the distal root surface. After preparation, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: Under irrigation with 2% CHX and saline solution and with intracanal dressing Ca(OH) 2 paste; Group II: The same preparation as Group I, but without Ca(OH) 2 ; Group III: Under irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl without Ca(OH) 2 ; and Group IV: The same preparation as Group III, but with Ca(OH) 2 . Two teeth without intracanal dressing were used as negative controls. Lateral condensation technique was performed. Then, digital radiographic images were obtained., Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0, submitted to Kappa (reliability between examiners) and Kruskal-Wallis test., Results: No statistical difference was registered between Groups II and III in all root sections (P > 0.05), but it was observed between Groups I and IV (P < 0.05), except on the apical section (P > 0.05). In all sections, the Group I filled more artificial lateral canals than in Group IV., Conclusions: The irrigants tested had no influence on the filling of artificial lateral canals. Nevertheless, intracanal dressing of Ca(OH) 2 influenced this filling.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques., Materials and Methods: Sixty single-root-premolars were instrumented. Simulated lateral canals were drilled on each third of the roots. The teeth were divided into four groups: no dressing and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G1), dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G2), no dressing and obturation by hybrid technique (G3) and, dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by hybrid technique (G4). The teeth were maintained at 37°C in 100% humidity for 7 days, and obturation techniques were performed. Radiographs were taken and filled or unfilled lateral canals were counted. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (a = 5%)., Results: The hybrid technique filled large number of lateral canals as compared to lateral condensation technique, regardless the use of intracanal medication (p < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide decreased the number of lateral canals filled for both lateral and hybrid techniques (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed when comparing the number of filled and unfilled lateral canals in the same root third of each group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Regardless the obturation technique, calcium hydroxide dressing reduced the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals., Clinical Significance: The persistence of calcium hydroxide residues reduces the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals, possibly representing a potential cause of failure in the future.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables and oral health as assessed using the 14-question short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A cross-sectional study was performed with 1095 adult residents from 38 census tracts in the municipality of São Leopoldo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Responses to the OHIP-14 were dichotomized, and bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression and Wald's test) were performed. In the bivariate analysis, the worse effects were reported by female individuals, the elderly, those with low family income, less schooling, those reporting a lower quality of life and social support, and smokers. In the multivariate analysis the following variables maintained their statistical significance: gender (female), age (50-59 years), family income (low), quality of life (low), social support (low, moderate), and smoking (smokers). Individuals' self-perception of their oral health was related to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables, thus confirming that emphasis should be placed on social factors when addressing oral health problems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between individual and contextual variables related to self-perception in oral health among residents in the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The cross-sectional design involved 1,100 adults in 38 census tracts. The self-perception was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) tool. A logistic multilevel analysis was performed. The multivariate analysis revealed that those who are of the female gender, older, with lower scores of quality of life and less social support, with poor healthy eating habits, smokers and those living in low-income census tracts presented higher odds of reporting worse oral health self-perception (OHIP-1). We concluded that individual and contextual variables are associated with oral health self-perception. This is essential information for planning health services wishing to meet the health needs of the population.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the literature to investigate associations between social, demographic, economic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and the self-perception of oral health measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)., Methods: In this systematic review of the literature, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) were adapted for the performance of a qualitative metasummary, without meta-analysis. Articles about oral health and associated factors with implications for quality of life were selected, with a focus on the tool for self-rating of the oral health-disease process, the OHIP. Pubmed/National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS/BIREME) were searched. Articles published between 2001 and 2011 were included. The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were employed: oral health, quality of life, sickness impact profile, and socioeconomic factors., Results: Of 57 articles identified, 20 met the inclusion criteria. The metasummary revealed that a poor self-perception of oral health was associated with unfavorable social, economic, demographic, and psychosocial factors, as well as with undesirable habits and poor clinical oral conditions., Conclusions: There is consensus in the literature about the influence of the investigated factors on the self-perception of oral health and on quality of life. The OHIP is an important aid for determining oral health needs and for developing strategies to control/reduce disease and promote oral health, with a consequent positive impact on quality of life.

An evaluation was made of the perception of oral health teams regarding Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) as a primary oral healthcare strategy used by the Municipal Health Department of Curitiba, Paraná State. A study was made both of Health Units (HU) that operate using the Family Health Strategy (FHSHU) and those that do not (Basic Healthcare Units--BHU). The sample involved 191 oral health professionals proportionally (CI=95%, e=6%). A questionnaire was used to collect data. The information was analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 program. The response rate was 82%. Chi-square testing did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the FHSHU (83.1%) and the BHU (74.3%) with regard to knowledge about the technique (p>0.05). A difference was found as to training in ART among the different HU (p<0.01) and the use of the technique by the services (p<0.01). The length of training and the length of service of dental health professionals at the municipal health service were relevant in relation to knowledge of the technique and the taking of clinical decisions as to ART. The conclusion was reached that training on ART is needed at the primary healthcare level as a result of the different perceptions revealed.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the Human Development Index at city level (HDI-M) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and the length of time of population exposure to water fluoridation (time span) with the respective mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T) of schoolchildren in the state, looking at possible inequalities in these associations., Methods: The HDI-M of 323 cities in the state of Paraná, Brazil, was correlated to the duration of exposure to water fluoridation, calculated in number of days. Correlation between the HDI-M and the DMF-T indexes for 12-year-old children was also performed., Results: Correlations were statistically significant, showing that in the cities with a better HDI-M, water fluoridation had been implemented earlier (squared coefficient correlation of 22%). The fluoridation time span accounted for around 11% of the variance in the DMF-T indexes of the cities. The correlation indicated that locations with a better HDI-M had a better DMF-T, owing to the probable mediating effect of receiving fluoridation earlier. Furthermore, the cost of water fluoridation to benefit the population that has access to this public health measure has been estimated at USD 0.15 per capita/year., Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that this low-cost measure is able to improve oral health status in general. Nevertheless, in the Brazilian areas studied, fluoridation seems to reflect existing social development inequalities, as it was first made available in more socially developed areas, thus bearing an influence on their higher DMF-T performance to date.

The antihypertensive mechanism of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as clonidine and rilmenidine, is not completely elucidated, although it is probably due to reduction of sympathetic tone mediated by stimulation of central alpha2-adrenoceptors. Because activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors on endothelial cells induces release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), we determined whether nitric oxide (NO) release is involved in the antihypertensive action of clonidine and rilmenidine. In chloralose-anesthetised Wistar rats, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were recorded on a polygraph. Intravenous injection of clonidine or rilmenidine (control group) caused a rapid increase of arterial blood pressure. followed by a long-lasting hypotensive effect. The hypotensive effects, estimated as the area enclosed by the decrease in diastolic pressure during the 20 min after clonidine and rilmenidine injections, were 574+/-60 and 410+/-59 mm Hg/min, respectively. The delta decrease in diastolic arterial blood pressure observed 20 min after intravenous injections of clonidine and rilmenidine was 48+/-5 and 34+/-3 mm Hg, respectively. Clonidine and rilmenidine injected 5-10 min after intravenous pretreatment with L-NAME (2 and 1 mg/kg) or methylene blue (10 mg/kg) induced hypotensive effects that were significantly smaller than that observed for the control group. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effects of clonidine and rilmenidine also may be modulated by the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway at the level of the central nervous system and/or at the vascular peripheral circulation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of bradykinin in the inhibitory action of captopril in hypertension induced by L-NAME in anesthetized rats. Male Wistar rats (260-320 g) were anesthetized with chloralose and arterial blood pressure was recorded with a polygraph pressure transducer. The hypertensive effect of L-NAME was studied in rats pretreated with saline, captopril or HOE 140 plus captopril. The effect of captopril was also studied during the sustained pressor effect of L-NAME. The acute pressor effect of L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v.) was significantly reduced by i.v. pretreatment with 2 mg/kg captopril (delta increase of 49 +/- 4.9 mmHg reduced to 20 +/- 5.4 mmHg, P = 0.01). The pressor effect of L-NAME (delta increase of 38 +/- 4.8 mmHg) observed in rats pretreated with captopril and HOE 140 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) was not significantly different from that induced by L-NAME in rats pretreated with saline (P = 0.09). During the sustained pressor effect induced by L-NAME (delta increase of 49 +/- 4.9 mmHg) captopril induced a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in arterial blood pressure (delta decrease of 22 +/- 3.0 mmHg). The present results demonstrate that the acute pressor effect of L-NAME is reduced by captopril and this inhibitory effect may be partly dependent on the potentiation of the vasodilator actions of bradykinin.